术中电生理检测在外周神经损伤中的应用

目的 探讨电生理检测在外周神经手术中应用的临床价值。方法 对16例17条外周神经分三组行术中电生理检测，指导术中决策和判断预后，并与术前肌电图结果或核磁共振检查结果对比。结果臂丛损伤组9例，术中体感诱发电位与核磁共振对检查完全根性损伤的检出率，经，检验差异无显著性。对臂丛损伤的大体定位，术前结合体格检查、肌电图及核磁共振结果的诊断与术中电生理检测结果完全吻合。四肢外周神经损伤组5条神经，3条术前肌电图结果与术中检测完全相符，2条不符。神经肿物组3条神经，在摘除神经瘤体后，术中电生理检测提示1例好转，2例出现不同程度的神经受损改变，术后随访与术中电生理检测的提示相符。在本组所有17条神经中，共有5条神经因术中电生理检测结果而改变了手术方案。结论 外周神经术中电生理检测的准确性优于术前的肌电图检查及核磁共振检查，具有准确、简便、实时等特点，可直接指导术中手术方案的选择；对神经肿块等原因引起的神经压迫损害，术中电生理检测可评价手术疗效，判断预后。     

皮肤特殊类型许旺细胞产生痛觉

目前普遍认为,伤害性刺激直接激活皮肤内的感觉神经末梢,产生伤害性疼痛。最近,瑞典的Karolinska研究所的Patrik Ernfors教授团队使用基因标记的方法,在小鼠皮肤发现了一种特殊的胶质细胞、在表皮与真皮组织交界处,这种胶质细胞的伸长的突起,进一步形成网格状结构.     

去细胞同种异体神经修复材料临床应用初步报告

目的 观察去细胞同种异体神经修复材料(hANG)修复周围神经缺损的安全性和临床疗效.方法 对指固有神经缺损10～20 mm 4例5侧,用hANG(广州中大医疗器械有限公司提供)移植桥接神经缺损,其中急诊一期手术移植3例4侧,二期手术移植1例1侧,均为单侧指固有神经移植.在10倍手术显微镜下进行神经清创修复,确保移植物两端的神经断端均无损伤,以9-0显微缝合线端端间断缝合.未使用免疫抑制药物.术后随访1～3个月,通过手术部位物理检查及血生化和免疫检测以评价hANG移植的安全性.采用英国医学研究会评定标准评价指神经功能,以观察hANG修复指神经缺损的临床疗效.结果 4例伤口均一期愈合,未发生免疫排斥反应、过敏性反应、感染、肝肾毒副作用等不良反应.术后1～3个月血生化检测均正常.所有hANG移植侧指神经功能恢复良好,其中2例移植侧术后3个月两点分辨觉为8 mm(S3~+,优).结论 hANG移植修复指神经缺损在短期内未发现移植物被排斥或对人体产生毒性反应,神经功能恢复良好.     

人源性同种异体去细胞外周神经材料标准制备方法的研究

目的 对目前文献报道使用的5种不同方法制备的人源性同种异体去细胞外周神经材料进行综合分析比较其优劣,以确定可供临床使用的标准的制备流程.方法 将人源性神经按5种不同方法进行化学萃取,制备的外周神经支架材料分别行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、免疫组化(S-100、Col I)和透射电镜、氮含量测定等检测,观察5种方法去除许旺细胞、髓鞘和轴突等抗原成分以及基底膜保存完好的情况.结果 分别萃取2次持续24 h组神经的HE染色显示去除细胞和轴突彻底,纵切片上未见任何细胞,红染的神经内膜呈波浪状纵形排列,轴突、髓鞘结构消失而形成管柱状空隙;S-100染色呈阴性;Col I染色结果可以看出其结构呈松散不规则的棕黄色结构,而其它处理组则结构相对整齐的纵向带状结构.透射电镜显示该组与各处理之间髓鞘去除差异无统计学意义.氮含量测定显示该组蛋白含量比值最低.结论 使用Triton X-100处理24 h再分别脱氧胆酸钠24 h持续萃取2次,可作为供临床使用的制备人源性去细胞同种异体神经支架材料的标准流程.     

股前外侧肌皮瓣修复小腿截肢残端软组织缺损

目的 探讨股前外侧肌皮瓣修复小腿截肢残端软组织缺损,保留小腿长度或膝关节以利于假肢装配.方法 2013年4月-2016年11月,应用股前外侧肌皮瓣对小腿截肢残端软组织缺损进行修复4例,其中游离肌皮瓣3例,带蒂肌皮瓣1例.患者均为男性,截肢肌创面位于小腿近端,年龄8~48岁,平均20岁,创面面积7.0 cm×6.0 cm^25.0 cm×10.0 cm.一期清创后二期修复,肌皮瓣面积13.0 cm×10.0 cm^28.0 cm×12.0 cm,保留胫骨长度5.2~9.4 cm.结果 肌皮瓣全部成活,1例肌皮瓣边缘出现浅表感染经换药处理后愈合,供区无并发症.所有患者随访12~37(平均19)个月,末次随访时皮瓣血运好、质地柔软、耐磨.皮瓣感觉恢复程度:S22例, S31例,S3+1例. 6 min步行测试:Ⅳ级2例,Ⅲ级2例;Stanmore运动分级:V级2例,Ⅳ级2例.结论 股前外侧肌皮瓣是修复小腿截肢残端软组织缺损的理想皮瓣.     

臂丛损伤患者的生存质量调查分析

Objective To investigate the quality of life on brachial plexus injury patients in crosssectional study method and acquire related data. To analysis the effect factors and try to study on the methods which help to improve the quality of life of these patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study that measures quality of life of the brachial plexus injury patients in China. Methods Research participants completed the Chinese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-Bref (WHOQOL-BREF) and the 5-items version of International Index of Erectile Dysfunction Questionnaire (IIEF-5) for male.Data were typed into computer and analyzed with SPSS version 13.0. Correlations between domain scores and hospital stay, age, and family monthly income variables were analyzed with Spearman non-parameter correlation analysis. Results Fifty-one valid questionnaires were retrieved. The average score of these patients in physical, psychological, environment domains were 11.47 ± 2.36, 12.37 ± 2.28 and 11.62 ± 2.22, respectively. They were significantly lower than the norm groups in national studies which were 15.8 ± 2.9, 14.3 ±2.5 and 13.2 ± 2.4 (P ＜ 0.01 ). The average score of IIEF-5 was ( 17.83 ± 4.65), significantly lower than the normal score of 22 (P ＜ 0.01 ). Significant correlation was found among physical domain and age(P ＜ 0.05),family monthly income (P ＜ 0.05) and IIEF-5 score(P ＜ 0.01). Psychological domain also has significant correlation with IIEF-5 score (P ＜ 0.05) and so does environment domain with family monthly income (P ＜0.05). Conclusion Brachial plexus injury patients showed a reduction in quality of life scores. Even though the physical aspect was the most affected, there is evidence that the psychological, environmental domains and erectile function remained far from the ideal conditions expected for the general population. The effect factors are complex and there still remain much work to do.     

人源性同种异体去细胞外周神经材料标准制备方法的研究

目的 对目前文献报道使用的5种不同方法制备的人源性同种异体去细胞外周神经材料进行综合分析比较其优劣,以确定可供临床使用的标准的制备流程.方法 将人源性神经按5种不同方法进行化学萃取,制备的外周神经支架材料分别行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、免疫组化(S-100、Col I)和透射电镜、氮含量测定等检测,观察5种方法去除许旺细胞、髓鞘和轴突等抗原成分以及基底膜保存完好的情况.结果 分别萃取2次持续24 h组神经的HE染色显示去除细胞和轴突彻底,纵切片上未见任何细胞,红染的神经内膜呈波浪状纵形排列,轴突、髓鞘结构消失而形成管柱状空隙;S-100染色呈阴性;Col I染色结果可以看出其结构呈松散不规则的棕黄色结构,而其它处理组则结构相对整齐的纵向带状结构.透射电镜显示该组与各处理之间髓鞘去除差异无统计学意义.氮含量测定显示该组蛋白含量比值最低.结论 使用Triton X-100处理24 h再分别脱氧胆酸钠24 h持续萃取2次,可作为供临床使用的制备人源性去细胞同种异体神经支架材料的标准流程.     

选择性脊神经后根切断术治疗痉挛性脑瘫3年随访分析

选择性脊神经后根切断术治疗痉挛性脑瘫３年随访分析朱庆棠，劳镇国，朱家恺，刘小林，程钢为进一步观察选择性脊神经后根切断术（ＳＰＲ）的疗效和并发症，对我科１９９３年３月－１９９６年５月间接受ＳＰＲ治疗的９６例痉挛性脑性瘫痪（ＳＰＲ）患者近３年随访观察，其...     

周围神经修复临床疗效的科学评价

目的 探讨周围神经临床修复效果的科学评价的指标.方法以主题词方式检索Pubmed数据库(1990-2010)的英文文献,以关于周围神经修复材料临床应用的文献为目标文献,类型包括综述和临床研究,排除动物实验、重复研究及研究内容与目的 不符的文献,同时检索在美国临床试验信息网站注册的周围神经缺损修复材料临床研究的文献.结果 计算机初检得到1 578篇,通过对资料进行分析,排除不符合纳入标准的文献,最终31篇全文阅读分析.在美国临床试验信息网站检索到周围神经修复材料临床研究注册项目2个.通过对材料进行提取分析可知:①通过设置入选条件和排除条件可使遴选病例达到最大程度的齐同.②指固有神经疗效观察指标临床最为常用的是MackinnonDellon感觉评定标准,混合神经功能评定临床常用的是BMRC法,肌电图是次要评价方法.③目前的科学技术水平还达不到对植入物安全性的终生评价,仅能通过临床实践长期观察.④随机对照临床试验如采用随机化分组,均衡性好,可比性强,但非随机对照临床试验同样具有重要价值.结论 临床试验设计在限制的时空条件下不可能做到所有因素齐同,但可通过设置入选条件和排除条件使遴选病例达到最大程度的齐同.神经修复效果可采用合理、国际公认的神经功能评定方法、严格的符合要求的随访和统计方案来进行科学评价.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss how to assess scientifically on the outcome of clinical application with peripheral nerve graft materials. Methods All Pubmed database from 1990 to 2010 were retrieved,and searched the English literatures about the application with peripheral nerve graft materials. The literatures consisted of original clinical research and review excluding animal experiments, repetitive research and irrelevant literatures. The clinical trials data of U.S. was also our target. The information about the safety and effectiveness of peripheral nerve graft materials and related statistical problems were discussed. Results Totally 1578 literatures were identified. Following reading titles and abstracts, we excluded some irrelevant articles. Finally 31 literatures and 2 issue of clinical research from clinical trial data of U.S. were included. After analysis on the literatures, we gained the following results: a remarkable degree of homogeneity among patients can be formed by setting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For the assessment of proper digital nerve repair, Macknnon- Dellon evaluation is commonly applied, but for the composite nerve, BMRC evaluation is the main method and electromyography can be used as a secondary choice. The safety of peripheral nerve graft materials cannot be evaluated throughout one's life according to the current level of science and technology. It should be evaluated by long-term clinical observation. Randomized clinical trials with random grouping was a gold standard for clinical trials with a good balance and strong comparability. However, non-randomized controlled trials also have an important value. Conclusion It is impossible to make all affected factors homogeneity in a limited timespace conditions of clinical trial. However, we can try our best to keep factors homogeneity to maximum degree by setting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The scientific assessment of outcome of peripheral nerve repair can be carried out with reasonable and internationally recognized nerve function evaluation methods, strict follow-up time and statistics programme meeting the clinical requirement.