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1.
Background: Ingestion of coins is a common clinical problem in children. Many of the coins are ferromagnetic and can be retrieved with the help of a magnet. We describe the use of a novel endoscopic accessory for removing ferromagnetic coins. Material and methods: Two magnet discs of 1.5 cm diameter were joined to a 200 cm steel wire of 0.75 mm thickness with a terminal 5 cm spring. A Teflon tube (160 cm, 7 F) was used along with this instrument as a sleeve. The use of this accessory was analyzed prospectively in subjects presenting with a history of coin ingestion. The time taken for removal of coins, complications during the procedure and failure rate was noted. Effect of the magnet on cardiac rhythm was also noted during the procedure. Results: A total of 55 children (mean age 5.1 ± 2.3 years) with coin ingestion presented over a period of 1 year. Forty‐four coins were ferromagnetic. All ferromagnetic coins were removed successfully. Mean time for removal was 68 ± 22 s. No complications were encountered. Conclusion: The novel magnetic instrument is precise, safe and quick for the removal of ferromagnetic coins under direct vision.  相似文献   
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Postprostatectomy incontinence in men is a devastating condition impacting the quality of life profoundly. Various types of male sling procedures have been introduced over the years. The bone-anchored male sling appears to be effective and safe in intermediate-term follow-up. It is certainly more effective than collagen implant and may provide an alternative treatment option in patients with mild to moderate incontinence. In the short term, other novel procedures seem promising. In spite of new technology, the artificial urinary sphincter continues to provide high patient satisfaction and cure rates.  相似文献   
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BackgroundThe American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition staging guidelines for testicular cancer established a 3 cm cutoff to subclassify stage T1 seminomas (<3 cm = pT1a and ≥3 cm = pT1b). The efficacy of this cutoff in predicting metastatic disease and impact on treatment patterns have not been studied.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with pT1 testicular seminoma in the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2016. Receiver operating curves were used to determine the efficacy of the 3 cm tumor cutoff in identifying metastatic disease, and multivariable regression was used to compute the effect of tumor size on the rate of adjuvant therapy among Stage I patients.ResultsA total of 10,134 patients with pT1 seminoma were evaluated. The current size cutoff of 3 cm for subclassification did not exhibit high discrimination in identifying metastatic disease (area under receiver operating curve: 0.546). Surveillance has grown as the preferred treatment after orchiectomy ?32.1% in 2004 to 81.2% in 2015. However, the rate of adjuvant therapy for pT1, Stage I seminomas associated positively with tumor size even with adjustment for year of diagnosis. For tumors above 3 cm, the odds ratio stabilized around 1.9. By using the 3 cm cutoff to guide adjuvant therapy, up to 85% of T1b patients may be overtreated.ConclusionThe 3 cm cutoff for subclassification of Stage I seminoma does not predict metastatic recurrence but is associated with increased receipt of adjuvant therapy. A 3 cm cutoff and the pT1a/b classification may therefore contribute to overtreatment in many young patients with a long life expectancy for whom minimizing adverse effects should be prioritized.  相似文献   
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The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the mitogenic effect of peritoneal fluid (PF) from women with mild and severe endometriosis on the endometrial stromal cell proliferation. Increasing concentrations of PF from women with and without mild or severe endometriosis were added to primary endometrial stromal cell cultures and3H-thymidine incorporation was used to assess DNA synthesis in these cultures. PF from women with mild endometriosis induced a statistically significant dose-dependent increase in stromal cell thymidine uptake ranged from 5.8 to 14.5 fold, whereas PF from women with severe endometriosis produced an average 51% inhibition of stromal cell proliferation of compared with cells exposed to non-endometriosis PF or exposed to nutrient medium supplemented with 2.5% calf serum alone. PF samples from patients with stage I endometriosis induced a statistically dose-dependent increase in stromal cell proliferation, whereas PF from patients with stage IV endometriosis caused a significant inhibition.  相似文献   
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Neurilemmoma of the cervical sympathetic chain is a rare nerve tumour. Less than 40 confirmed cases have been reported in the literature.1 2 Sometimes they can he mistaken as carotid body tumour but usual presentation of these lesions is an asymptomatic neck mass. Because of the rarity of the tumour we report another case of neurilemmoma arising from cervical sympathetic chain in a 19 years old male.  相似文献   
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Background: Cryptosporidium, an opportunistic, zoonotic, apicomplexan parasite, is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in neonatal bovine calves around the globe. Bovine calves act as a major source of infection by excreting huge numbers of highly resistant oocysts in faeces, which can survive for a long time in extreme environmental conditions. As low as ten oocysts can cause disease and mortality, leading to the requirement of an early and accurate diagnosis for proper and favorable prognosis, management, and control. Aims:The current study was conducted with the objective to evaluate various diagnostic techniques (acid fast staining, negative staining, fluorescent, ELISA, PCR, nested PCR, and qPCR) for the detection of Cryptosporidium in the faecal samples of diarrheic bovine calves. Methods:Two hundred diarrheic faecal samples from bovine calves were collected and subjected to these techniques for Cryptosporidium diagnosis. Results of these were evaluated for diagnostic comparison. Results:Out of 200 faecal samples evaluated, 24% (48/200) were detected positive for Cryptosporidium using a combination of two techniques as gold standard criteria. Cohen’s kappa value indicated moderate to almost perfect agreement (0.616 to 0.986) among all the techniques used in the present study. Leishman staining showed the lowest sensitivity (54.17%), while nested PCR and qPCR showed the highest sensitivity (97.92%). Diagnostic specificity of all these tests ranged from 98.68 to 100%. Conclusion:Auramine stain was used for the first time in the bovine calves in India for the detection and diagnostic comparison of Cryptosporidium. It showed strong agreement with the molecular as well as classical diagnostic techniques, and can be used for primary screening for better diagnosis.Key Words: Cryptosporidium, Diagnostic accuracy, ELISA, Fluorescence, PCR  相似文献   
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Chemistry and pharmacology of the Citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin.   总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26  
Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid, is an abundant and inexpensive by-product of Citrus cultivation. A deficiency of this substance in the diet has been linked with abnormal capillary leakiness as well as pain in the extremities causing aches, weakness and night leg cramps. No signs of toxicity have been observed with the normal intake of hesperidin or related compounds. Both hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin have been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties. This paper reviews various aspects of hesperidin and its related compounds, including their occurrence, physical and chemical properties, analysis, pharmacokinetics, safety and toxicity and the marketed products available. A special emphasis has been laid on the pharmacological properties and medicinal uses of these compounds.  相似文献   
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