Effects of long working hours and the night shift on severe sleepiness among workers with 12‐hour shift systems for 5 to 7 consecutive days in the automobile factories of Korea

We investigated the effects of 12‐hour shift work for five to seven consecutive days and overtime on the prevalence of severe sleepiness in the automobile industry in Korea. [Correction added after online publication 28 Nov: Opening sentence of the summary has been rephrased for better clarity.] A total of 288 randomly selected male workers from two automobile factories were selected and investigated using questionnaires and sleep‐wake diaries in South Korea. The prevalence of severe sleepiness at work [i.e. Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) score of 7 or higher] was modeled using marginal logistic regression and included theoretical risk factors related to working hours and potential confounding factors related to socio‐economic status, work demands, and health behaviors. Factors related to working hours increased the risk for severe sleepiness at the end of the shift in the following order: the night shift [odds ratio (OR): 4.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6–6.0)], daily overtime (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.7–2.9), weekly overtime (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0–2.6), and night overtime (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 0.8–3.0). Long working hours and shift work had a significant interactive effect for severe sleepiness at work. Night shift workers who worked for 12 h or more a day were exposed to a risk of severe sleepiness that was 7.5 times greater than day shift workers who worked less than 11 h. Night shifts and long working hours were the main risk factors for severe sleepiness among automobile factory workers in Korea. Night shifts and long working hours have a high degree of interactive effects resulting in severe sleepiness at work, which highlight the need for immediate measures to address these characteristics among South Korean labor force patterns.     

药浴剂的研究和应用

药浴剂为综合性新剂型。药浴剂是医务工作者在患者的配合下共同配制的洗浴药水。药浴剂在给药范围上应用广泛；在用药途径上，属于外用药中的一种；在治疗方法上属于透皮疗法；在临床应用上，可以治疗或辅助治疗各学科的多种疾病。药浴剂治疗疾病的机理有二，其一是透过全身汗毛孔进入体内，其二是刺激各个穴位，通行十二经脉，透达全身，激活或调动体内各器官和组织的积极因素，以加强五脏六腑的功能，达到治疗疾病的目的。     

特发性室性早搏与自主神经张力的关系

目的 探讨特发性室性早搏(室早)的发生与自主神经机制之间的关系.方法 采用单中心回顾性研究方法,选择24 h动态心电图记录到频发室早(≥10000次/d或室早负荷≥10％)的156例特发性室早患者(室早组)和同期健康体检者84例(对照组)为研究对象.根据24 h动态心电图检查结果,计算心率变异性指标rMSSD、pNN50、高频功率(HF)、标准化的高频功率(HFnorm)、低频功率(LF)与HF的比值(LF/HF).比较两组自主神经张力间的差异,并分析室早负荷与自主神经张力变化的关系.结果 与对照组相比,室早组患者rMSSD、pNN50、HF和HFnorm均明显增加(P<0.01),LF/HF显著降低(P<0.01).室早组患者24 h室早负荷与rMSSD、pNN50和HF呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.492、0.425、0.372,P<0.01),而与LF/HF呈负相关(相关系数为-0.206,P<0.05);其中28.8％(45/156)的患者每小时室早负荷与每小时HFnorm呈正相关,16.0％(25/156)的患者与每小时LF/HF呈正相关,53.8％(84/156)的患者与每小时HFnorm和每小时LF/HF均无相关性.结论 部分特发性室早的发生与交感和(或)迷走神经张力变化相关.     

Laser Shock Peening of SiCp/2009Al Composites: Microstructural Evolution,Residual Stress and Fatigue Behavior

SiC particle reinforced aluminum alloy has a wide application in the aerospace industries. In this study, laser shock peening (LSP), an advanced surface modification technique, was employed for SiCp/2009Al composite to reveal its microstructure, microhardness and residual stress evolution. After peening, high densities of dislocations were induced in the aluminum substrate, and stacking faults were introduced into the SiC particle. The microhardness was increased from 155–170 HV to 170–185 HV, with an affected depth of more than 1.5 mm. Compressive residual stresses of more than 200 MPa were introduced. The three-point bending fatigue of the base material, laser peened and milled after laser peened specimens with artificial crack notch fabricated by a femtosecond laser was investigated. The average fatigue lives of laser peened and milled after laser peened specimens were increased by up to 10.60 and 2.66 times, compared with the base material. This combined fundamental and application-based research seeks to comprehensively explore the applicability of LSP on metal matrix composite.     

钻孔引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿48例分析

目的分析钻孔引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的手术经验及疗效。方法回顾分析用钻孔引流术治疗的48例慢性硬膜下血肿患者的临床资料。结果 48例患者均痊愈出院,临床症状消失,颅脑CT复查提示脑组织复张良好,随访中1例患者复发,再次钻孔引流后治愈。结论钻孔引流术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的疗效确切,操作安全、简便。     

红细胞体积分布宽度在贫血诊断中的临床意义

目的：探讨贫血患者红细胞体积分布宽度的变化及其临床意义。方法：应用sysmex F-820血细胞分析仪测定164例贫血患者红细胞体积分布宽度变异系（RDW-CV）。结果：MCV↓RDW↑缺铁性贫血、MCV↑RDW↑巨幼红细胞性贫血、MCV和RDW异常,急性再生障碍性贫血、MCV↑RDW,慢性再生障碍性贫血、MCV↑RDW↑溶血性贫血、MCV、RDW↑铁粒幼细胞性贫血、MCV↓RDW,单纯小细胞性贫血。结论：RDW指标的改变对贫血的分类及缺铁性贫血的诊断有较好的敏感性和特异性。     

人食管癌组织中DNA聚合酶β与XRCCl表达的相关性

目的 :观察XRCC1及DNA聚合酶 β(POLB)在人食管癌、癌旁及相邻的正常组织内的表达。方法 :应用免疫组化方法对 17例食管癌患者的癌组织、癌旁组织及相邻的正常组织中POLB和XRCC1的免疫反应性 (IR)进行定位及表达水平的比较。结果 :POLB IR和XRCC1 IR在癌组织、癌旁组织及正常组织中依次减弱 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 0 1) ,2者在上述组织中定位相似 ,且表达呈显著正相关 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :POLB和XRCC1在癌旁组织表达的相对提高可能为癌变的早期事件 ;2者表达的定位近似 ,提示 2者在形态和功能上密切相关。     

立体定向下核团毁损术及脑深部电刺激术治疗难治性强迫症

目的探讨MRI定位下核团毁损术及脑深部电刺激术治疗难治性强迫症的疗效。方法应用MRI定位下射频热凝核团毁损术及脑深部电刺激术治疗难治性强迫症49例，其中30例行双侧内囊前肢毁损术，13例行双侧扣带回加双侧内囊前肢毁损术,6例行右侧伏隔核脑深部电刺激术加对侧内囊前肢毁损术。手术前后应用YALE-BROWN强迫症状量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表对手术效果进行评价。结果术后6个月均获随访，其中临床痊愈28例，显著改善9例，轻度改善7例，无明显变化5例。22例术后早期出现一过性并发症，均在术后2周内恢复。术后焦虑，强迫，抑郁症状量表分数均明显下降（P〈0．01）。结论MRI定位下核团毁损术及脑深部电刺激术治疗难治性强迫症有显著疗效，并发症较轻，可以显著改善病人强迫、焦虑、抑郁症状。     

Correlation of neuron specific enolase serum concentration and prognosis hi patients with severe head injury

AIM: To eluciate the role of neuron specific enolase(NSE) in predicting prognosis after severe head injury. METHODS: 30 patients with severe head injury were involved into this study, ranging from 26 to 64 years old. Concentration of NSE in serum was measured in all cases within 12 hours after head injury. And prognosis of all patients were evaluated by COS. RESULTS: The concentration of NSE in serum of both groups, with good or poor outcome, were higher than normal group. The concentrations within 12 hours after head injuries had a close relationship with the prognosis. As a serum marker to assess the prognosis, NSE had high positive prediction ratio. CONCLUSION: The finding suggested that NSE may be a promising predictor for assessing the prognosis after severe head injury.