THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON EYE MOVEMENTS DURING READING

In an experimental double-blind placebo study of 18 subjects(mean age 26.2 years), we investigated the effect of three bloodalcohol concentrations (0.0%, 0.05% and 0.1%) on five visuo-motorreading parameters: (1) number of eye fixations per 100 wordsread; (2) the number of words read per minute; (3) the numberof regressions per 100 words read; (4) the saccadic length;(5) the duration of eye fixations. The number of fixations andthe duration of eye fixations increased significantly as a functionof increased breath alcohol concentration. There were no significantchanges in the other visuo-motor reading parameters.     

A Group-Based Training Programme for General Practitioners: A Norwegian Experience

Westin S, stensen A I, Lvslett K, Prytz J, Telje J, TelstadW and Lie A. A group-based training programme for general practitioners:a Norwegian experience. Family Practice 1988; 5: 244–252. There are approximately 3000 general practitioners in Norway,serving a population of slightly above four million people.A three year postgraduate education scheme for general practitionershas been in effect since 1973, to be replaced by a five yearvocational training programme from January 1985, making generalpractice a fully recognized specialty from that date. The educationalrequirements consist of one year of hospital training, fouryears of training in general practice, and a total of 400 hoursof course education, mainly in clinical subjects. The core elementof the training is attendance at a group-based structured educationalprogramme of two years' duration. This article describes theconcepts and content of this decentralized group-based education,as well as some of the conflicting considerations which eventuallyled to this new Norwegian model of general practice training.The first evaluation studies indicate that the educational programmehas met a long standing need among general practitioners.     

Altered Natural Killer Cell Activity in Childhood Acute Non-lymphoid Leukaemia

Peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells from 25 children with acute non-lymphoid leukaemia were analysed for natural killer cell activity and for cells with the Leu-7 and Leu-11b (CD 16) markers. Significantly reduced spontaneous cytotoxicity was detected in peripheral blood from children with untreated and active acute non-lymphoid leukaemia compared with that of the controls (P = 0.01 and P less than 0.05). Patients in remission, however, had normal natural cytotoxicity and normal numbers of Leu-7 and Leu-11b (CD 16)-positive cells. The natural killer cell activity in bone marrow from patients with untreated acute non-lymphoid leukaemia was also significantly reduced (P = 0.025). On the other hand, patients in remission had both an increased percentage of Leu-7 and Leu-11b (CD 16)-positive cells (P less than 0.05) and an increased natural killer cell activity (P less than 0.0005) in their bone marrow cells in comparison with the control group. This augmented natural killer cell activity is most probably a result of anti-leukaemic treatment. Stimulation with recombinant alpha interferon and recombinant interleukin 2 caused an increase in natural killer cell activity that was both significant and normal in both peripheral blood and bone marrow from children with acute non-lymphoid leukaemia.     

Value of ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring to identify increased risk of sudden death in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure

To examine the predictive value of ventricular arrhythmias onambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring, 211 patientswith left ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure(76% men, age 63±4 years, left ventricular ejection fraction0.26 ± 0.10) were studied. During a follow-up of 21 ±11 months, there were 45 cardiac deaths: 22 were due to progressivepump failure and 23 were sudden. Patients with a low left ventricularejection fraction ( 0.27) and ventricular tachycardia on 24h ECG were at higher risk of dying suddenly and from progressivepump failure (both P<0.0001). Patients who died suddenlywere found to have significantly longer (P=0.003) and faster(P=0.029) ventricular tachycardias on their baseline ambulatoryECG, than survivors. This association was not observed in patientswho died of progressive pump failure. Therefore, low left ventricularejection fraction and ventricular tachycardia on 24 h ECG recordingpredict an increased risk of cardiac mortality. Our resultsalso suggest that longer and faster ventricular tachycardiarecorded by 24 h ECG may identify patients at risk of suddendeath, a finding which has not been described before.     

膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎MRI表现

目的探讨膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的MRI表现,提高对该疾病的认识。方法对我院经手术病理证实的27例膝关节PVNS的MRI表现进行回顾性分析。结果 27例PVNS中,弥漫型者22例,局限型者5例。所有弥漫型PVNS患者均表现为滑膜呈绒毛状或结节状增厚,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI及PDW呈不均匀稍高信号,增强扫描滑膜明显强化。膝关节周围脂肪垫区、髌上囊及腘窝可见大小不等软组织结节影。增厚滑膜及结节内见条片状或点状异常信号影,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈低信号,无明显强化。9例伴有关节软骨及软骨下骨破坏。前后交叉韧带受累1例。所有患者见不同程度关节积液。局限型者表现为关节腔内单发的软组织肿块,伴关节积液。结论膝关节PVNS具有较特征的MRI表现,MRI是诊断PVNS的首选方法。     

经络穴位介入自血疗法对局部硬结的防治

目的：探讨经络穴位介入自血疗法对慢性荨麻疹病人局部硬结的防治效果。方法：将180例诊为慢性荨麻疹患者随机分为两个组,其中90名患者采取经络穴位介入自血疗法作为观察组,抽取患者自身静脉血1ml-2ml与抗组胺药物苯海拉明20mg混合后交替注射于单侧合谷、曲池、足三里等穴位,每穴1ml-2ml,另90名患者采取自血疗法行深部肌内注射作为对照组,患者自身静脉血1ml-2ml加入抗组胺药物苯海拉明20mag于深部肌内注射。两组均隔3天1次,6次为1疗程。治疗1-2个疗程后统计疗效进行对比。结果：观察组无硬结疼痛78例,有效率86．7％;有明显疼痛12例,无效率13．3％;防治效果明显优于对照组,Χ^2=8．229,P〈0．05。结论：经络穴位介入自血疗法应用于慢性荨麻疹防治局部硬结是一种疗效显著的方法。     

Surgical and prosthetic reconsiderations in patients with maxillectomy

Summary The purpose of this study was to establish and evaluate new possibilities for rehabilitation of patients with obturator prosthesis who had undergone partial or total maxillectomy because of tumour ablation surgery. Eleven patients with maxillary defects were reconstructed with a computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing designed prosthesis. Missing retention was gained by inserting implants in the remaining bone, so that an expansion of the surgical defect to gain further retention could be avoided. All patients were treated successfully according to the previously described treatment plan. The Obturator Functioning Scale (OFS) of the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Centre was applied to evaluate the functional quality of the obturator prosthesis and patient’s satisfaction. It showed good results in all fields of functional outcome and social acceptance.     

幽门螺杆菌对人胃癌MKN45细胞p38MAPK信号转导通路激活作用的研究

背景与目的: 环氧合酶2(cyelooxygenase-2,COX-2)是花生四烯酸转化为前列腺素(prostaglandins,PGs)代谢中重要的限速酶,幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacterpylori,Hp)感染诱导胃黏膜COX-2的过度表达是胃癌发生的重要环节,但Hp感染胃黏膜细胞COX-2表达的机制尚不清楚.本研究旨在揭示Hp对人胃癌MKN45细胞COX-2表达和p38MAPK信号通路的影响,探讨COX-2表达的可能机制.方法: 采用实时荧光定量PCR(real time-PCR)检测Hp标准株NCTC11637感染对人胃痛MKN45细胞COX-2 mRNA转录的影响,Western blot检测坳COX-2蛋白表达的影响和p38MAPK信号通路的激活及其下游因子ATF-2的表达.结果: Hp感染人胃癌MKN45细胞后,COX-2 mRNA的表达明显上调,Hp感染3、6、9、12 h后COX-2 mRNA的表达量分别为正常值的3倍、7.2倍、5.1倍和4.3倍,各时间组COX-2 mRNA表达均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);Up与MKN45细胞共培养24 h后,COX-2蛋白的表达亦显著增加(P＜0.01).Hp感染MKN45 20 min后,p38MAPK信号通路被激活,60 min达峰值;p38MAPK下游因子ATF-2的表达也明显增加,2 h达高峰,随着作用时间的延长,表达逐渐下降,24 h仍有表达.结论: Hp感染能诱导人胃癌MKN45细胞COX-2的表达;激活p38MAPK信号通路,增加其下游因子ATF-2的表达,可能是其诱导COX-2表达的机制.     

Immunohistochemical study of monoclonal antibody MGD-1 in gastric carcinoma

This paper reports a pathological and immunohistochemical study of gastric carcinoma for immunoreactivity with a monoclonal antibody. MGD-1, raised against cells from an adenocarcinoma of stomach. Fifty-four of 61 gastric carcinomas (89%) were positive for MGD-1. Metastatic gastric carcinoma in local nodes was positive in all 11 such cases. Out of 40 examples of chronic atrophic gastritis, only three, with mild dysplasia, were positive (7.5%). Forty cases with normal gastric mucosa were negative. The MGD-1 detection-rate of well- and poorly-differentiated gastric carcinoma was 85% and 93% respectively. The metastatic cells and cells infiltrating the submucosa and muscular layer were more frequently positive and showed stronger staining with MGD-1 than those in mucosa. These results show that MGD-1 possesses a high degree of specificity for gastric carcinoma and could be used diagnostically.     

可吸收吻合环在老年大肠手术中应用的前瞻随机性研究

目的探讨生物可吸收吻合环在老年肠道手术中的应用价值。方法将我院近3年收治的182例老年大肠手术患者随机分为吻合环与缝线组、吻合环与吻合器组，比较手术时间、术后肠功能恢复时间、住院时间及术后并发症等情况，并作统计学分析。结果手术时间吻合环比缝线组明显缩短，而和吻合器组无显著差别，吻合环组患者肠功能恢复时间均较快，总的并发症发生率明显下降。结论生物可吸收吻合环在老年大肠手术中的具有较高的临床应用价值，可作为老年大肠手术常规的吻合方法。