成人腰椎峡部裂型滑脱症的微创治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical experiences and technical skills of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. Methods Twenty-one patients with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis underwent minimally invasive surgery. There were 12 men and 9 women, with the mean age of 51.7 years. Isthmic spondylolisthe-sis occurred at the L4.5 in 7 patients, and at the L5S1 in 14 patients. According to Meyerding classification, 13 cases were of Grade Ⅰ, 7 of Grade Ⅱ, 1 of Grade Ⅲ. Under general anesthesia, guiding by fluoroscopy, the surgeries performed minimally invasive microendoscopic(METRx) techniques for posterior decompression, interbody cage fusion and novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw techniques for deformity reduction and fixation. Results Seventeen cases were followed up 1 year postoperatively. The average low back pain VAS reduced from preoperative 6.0±2.6 to postoperative 2.9±2.5. The average leg pain VAS decreased from preoperative 6.7±3.3 to postoperative 2.8±1.6. The average ODI decreased from preoperative 44.3% to post-operative 27.1%. The Nakai good and excellent rate was 90%. The mean operative time 170 min, blood loss 160 ml, and postoperative stay in bed 7.5 d. The sagittal spondylolisthesis rate significantly decreased from preoperative 35.5%±2.5% to postoperative 8.3%±7.5%. The lordotic angle from preoperative 11.5°±1.7° in-creased to postoperative 16.8°±9.5°; the intervertebral disc height from preoperative (5.4±2.5) mm increased to postoperative (9.1±3.0) mm. According to Lenke judgement for fusion, complete fusion rate was 76%, in-complete fusion rate was 12%, nonfusion rate was 12%. Conclusion The minimally invasive microendo-scopic (METRx) assisted with a novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw systems for deformity reduction and fixation to treat adult isthmic spondylolisthesis, is not only a minimally invasive and safe surgical tech-nique, also an effective treatment for deformity reduction and fixation.     

计算机体层成像多平面重建在评价椎间融合中的作用

目的 探讨计算机体层成像多平面重建(CTMPR)在评价椎间融合中的作用,寻找定量评价椎间融合的新方法.方法 13例行腰椎间融合的患者术后1周、3个月、6个月行CTMPR,行椎间融合器(Cage)内植骨CT值定量测量.结果 术后1周Cage内植骨CT值为(619.52±26.97)Hu,术后3个月为(628.69±42.60)Hu,术后6个月为(657.77±37.43)Hu.术后1周与术后3个月相比无显著性差异,与术后6个月相比有显著性差异.结论 CT值的测量在椎间融合的判断中具有高准确性.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor expression during the process of fracture healing

Objective： To study the expression regularity of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） during the process of fracture healing, and the type of VEGF receptor expressed in the vascular endothelial cells of the fracture site.
Methods： The fracture model was made in the middle part of left radius in 35 rabbits. The specimens from the fracture site were harvested at 8, 24, 72 hours and 1, 3, 5, 8 weeks, and then fixed, decalcified, and sectioned frozenly to detect the expression of VEGF and its receptor at the fracture site by in situ hybridization and immunochemical assays.
Results： VEGF mRNA and VEGF expression was detected in many kinds of cells at the fracture site during 8 hours to 8 weeks after fracture. Fltl receptor of VEGF was found in the vascular endothelial cells at the fracture site during 8 hours to 8 weeks after fracture, and strong expression of flkl receptor was detected from 3 days to 3 weeks after fracture.
Conclusions： The expression of VEGF and fltl receptor appears during the whole course of fracture healing, especially from 1 to 3 weeks. Flkl receptor is highly expressed in a definite period after fracture. VEGF is proved to be involved in the vascular reconstruction and fracture healing.     

成人腰椎峡部裂型滑脱症的微创治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical experiences and technical skills of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. Methods Twenty-one patients with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis underwent minimally invasive surgery. There were 12 men and 9 women, with the mean age of 51.7 years. Isthmic spondylolisthe-sis occurred at the L4.5 in 7 patients, and at the L5S1 in 14 patients. According to Meyerding classification, 13 cases were of Grade Ⅰ, 7 of Grade Ⅱ, 1 of Grade Ⅲ. Under general anesthesia, guiding by fluoroscopy, the surgeries performed minimally invasive microendoscopic(METRx) techniques for posterior decompression, interbody cage fusion and novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw techniques for deformity reduction and fixation. Results Seventeen cases were followed up 1 year postoperatively. The average low back pain VAS reduced from preoperative 6.0±2.6 to postoperative 2.9±2.5. The average leg pain VAS decreased from preoperative 6.7±3.3 to postoperative 2.8±1.6. The average ODI decreased from preoperative 44.3% to post-operative 27.1%. The Nakai good and excellent rate was 90%. The mean operative time 170 min, blood loss 160 ml, and postoperative stay in bed 7.5 d. The sagittal spondylolisthesis rate significantly decreased from preoperative 35.5%±2.5% to postoperative 8.3%±7.5%. The lordotic angle from preoperative 11.5°±1.7° in-creased to postoperative 16.8°±9.5°; the intervertebral disc height from preoperative (5.4±2.5) mm increased to postoperative (9.1±3.0) mm. According to Lenke judgement for fusion, complete fusion rate was 76%, in-complete fusion rate was 12%, nonfusion rate was 12%. Conclusion The minimally invasive microendo-scopic (METRx) assisted with a novel Sextant-R percutaneous pedicle screw systems for deformity reduction and fixation to treat adult isthmic spondylolisthesis, is not only a minimally invasive and safe surgical tech-nique, also an effective treatment for deformity reduction and fixation.     

脊柱脊髓损伤救治及进展

脊柱脊髓损伤（ spinal cord injury,SCI）在现代社会中呈高发趋势,其伤情复杂、救治难度大,对患者产生灾难性、危及生命的不幸与后果,家庭背负沉重的负担。在临床的处置中需要进行仔细的病情评估分析、制动、创伤高级生命支持,对有手术指征的患者力争早日手术,最大程度地解除脊髓压迫,减轻继发损伤,促进脊髓康复。     

脊柱去松质骨化截骨术治疗强直性脊柱炎并脊柱后凸畸形的疗效分析

目的 对比脊柱去松质骨化截骨术与传统楔形截骨术治疗强直性脊柱炎并脊柱后凸畸形的疗效.方法 选取2011年1月至2013年6月收治的强直性脊柱炎合并后凸畸形患者34例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各17例.观察组采用脊柱去松质骨化截骨术联合椎弓根内固定治疗,对照组采用传统脊椎楔形截骨术联合椎弓根内固定治疗,测量并比较两种手术的手术时间、术中出血量和畸形纠正程度,并观察并发症发生情况.结果 胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角、矢状面平衡、颌眉角在术后2周、3个月两组比较差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),但术后6个月和末次随访时(除腰椎前凸角术后6个月外)两组比较差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).植骨融合率和脊柱功能评分观察组均高于对照组(P均＜0.05).结论 脊柱去松质骨化截骨术应用于强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形患者具有很好的疗效,可有效恢复脊柱高度,防止矫形过度或丢失,提高植骨融合率.     

中国骨肿瘤大手术静脉血栓栓塞症防治专家共识

静脉血栓栓塞症可使血管完全或不完全阻塞而引起静脉回流障碍,导致相应的机体变化。骨肿瘤患者行手术治疗的血栓栓塞症风险较高,目前国内尚无防治共识可供借鉴。中华医学会骨科学分会骨肿瘤学组组织全国三十多位专家,参考国内外相关领域的最新研究成果、指南或共识,总结骨肿瘤大手术静脉血栓栓塞症的流行病学特点、风险因素、诊断流程及防治措施,形成本共识。该共识的实施有望提高国内相关医师对骨肿瘤大手术静脉血栓栓塞症的认识及诊疗水平。     

非融合手术治疗颈椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨Bryan人工颈椎间盘假体置换治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床效果.方法 本组34例颈椎间盘突出症患者,其中男21例,女13例;年龄31～57岁,平均43岁.突出部位:C3～4 2例,C4～5 4例,C5～6 22例,C6～7 1例,C4～5,5～6 2例,C3～4,5～6 2例,C5～6,6～7 1例.临床症状以脊髓压迫为主14例,神经根性症状为主20例.单节段置换29例,双节段置换5例,共置换39个椎间盘假体.Bryan假体由金属外壳和聚氨酯髓核组成,外壳有钛微孔喷涂层,可促进骨生长,达到长期稳定.术后摄颈椎动态x线片观察假体稳定性及活动度.依照CSM40分法评定神经功能.结果 本组患者术后随访3～42个月,平均14个月.全部患者神经功能均有明显改善,神经根型患者其上肢根型痛全部缓解.CSM40分法评分平均提高8.5分,有效率为100%,无假体松动或脱落,术后置换节段活动度平均为9.3°.结论 人工颈椎间盘置换术后能达到确切的稳定性,具有良好的活动度,术后神经功能恢复良好,为颈椎问盘突出症的治疗提供了新的选择方式.     

经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术后邻近节段疾病的再手术率及其危险因素分析

目的探讨腰椎退行性疾病患者行经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, TLIF)后邻近节段疾病(adjacent segment disease, ASDis)的再手术率及其危险因素。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年12月因腰椎退行性疾病接受TLIF手术460例患者的临床资料, 男204例、女256例;年龄(54.6±12.6)岁(范围20～85岁)。按照是否发生ASDis并再次接受手术治疗分为ASDis组和无ASDis组。ASDis组26例, 男14例, 女12例;年龄为(57.9±12.2)岁。无ASDis组434例, 男188例、女246例;年龄为(54.4±12.5)岁。统计ASDis的再手术率, 并比较两组间患者年龄、体质指数(body mass index, BMI)、合并症、手术相关参数、住院时间、手术前后影像学参数等, 采用单因素分析和logistic回归分析ASDis再次手术的危险因素。结果 TLIF手术后发生ASDis并接受再次手术者26例, 再手术率为5.7%(26/460), 其中术前邻近椎间...