Noradrenergic activation of immediate early genes in rat cerebral cortex.

Previous studies have shown that stimulation of adrenergic receptors in the brain increases the expression of the immediate early gene (IEG), c-fos, in vivo (Mol. Brain Res., 6(1989) 39-45). The present study was undertaken to determine whether this also holds for other IEGs which have been shown to be activated in brain cell culture by adrenergic agonists. Both yohimbine injection and stressful stimulation, two treatments causing brain norepinephrine (NE) release, were found to cause a parallel, transient activation of at least 5 IEGs (c-fos, nur77, tis-7, zif-268 and tis-21) in the rat cortex. Genes that are not immediate early (beta-actin, NGF and HSP70) were found not to be affected in the interval used (6 h). The responses were mediated predominantly by beta-adrenoceptors with some contribution from alpha 1 receptors. The parallel activation of multiple genes by noradrenergic receptors may enable the coding of different biochemical responses to the activation of different receptors.     

Plasma proteins in a standardised skin mini-erosion (II): effects of extraction pressure

Background  

A standardised suction technique has been used to sample plasma proteins in dermal interstitial fluid (IF) serially for 5 to 6 days from a suction-induced skin mini-erosion. Increased protein concentrations ascribed to inflammation have been shown from day 1 onward. In this study, we assessed the effect of two different extraction pressures on IF sample composition.     

载瘤动脉闭塞术治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的探讨

目的总结和探讨脑血管造影和载瘤动脉闭塞在治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤上的作用及特点。方法60例颅内巨大动脉瘤患者,根据其脑血管造影的特点采取血管内介入方法[可脱式球囊和(或)弹簧圈]闭塞载瘤动脉近端53例、闭塞载瘤动脉两端后孤立动脉瘤7例;其中23例闭塞前先行颅内-外血管搭桥术。结果出院时Rankin评分分级:单纯血管内介入治疗组37例中轻残3例,合并颅内-外血管搭桥术组23例中死亡1例、重残2例。1-6年的影像学随访动脉瘤无复发。结论血管内介入结合颅内-外血管搭桥术闭塞载瘤动脉是治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的方法之一。     

内吗啡肽在脊髓背角浅层的镇痛机制

内吗啡肽(EM)是μ阿片受体(MOR)的内源性配体。脊髓背角浅层(Ⅰ，Ⅱ层)是阿片类物质调制外周伤害性信息的关键部位，其内含EM和MOR的结构很密集。在脊髓背角浅层，EM可以抑制初级传入末梢释放谷氨酸和P物质，增加中枢内源性镇痛系统的下行投射末梢在脊髓背角释放去甲肾上腺素和5-羟色胺，抑制脊髓背角Ⅱ层(胶状质)兴奋性中间神经元释放神经活性物质。在脊髓背角浅层EM可能通过以上途径实现对外周伤害性信息传递的调制并发挥镇痛作用。     

托吡酯对慢性癫(癎)大鼠海马碱性成纤维细胞生长因子表达的影响

目的研究托吡酯（TPM）对慢性癫痫大鼠海马碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）表达的影响。方法制作戊四氮（PTZ）慢性癫痫点燃大鼠模型，分为PTZ组、TPM组及正常对照组，每组又以5d、10d、15d3个时间点各分为3小组。免疫组化法观察各组海马CAl、CA3区及齿状回bFGF表达，HE染色观察病理形态学改变。结果（1）行为学观察：PTZ组和TPM组在癫痫发作上无明显差别。（2）bFGF表达：①各组齿状回区bFGF表达：PTZ组和TPM组各时点表达不断增高，与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01），尤以10d及15d时增高更明显，与5d时比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。②各组CAl区bFGF表达：PTZ组各时点均有明显表达，且随时间延长而表达不断增高，各时点比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01），与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）；TPM组在5d时与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），而10d、15d时逐渐下降，接近正常对照组水平。③各组CA3区bFGF表达：5d时3组比较差异无统计学意义。但PTZ组和TPM组在10d时与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），PTZ组在15d时和TPM组及正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。（3）病理形态学改变：PTZ组和TPM组的海马CAl、CA3区尤其是CAl区可见较多神经元发生变性和坏死，PTZ组更显著。结论PTZ点燃过程中海马bF-GF表达增高，尤其在CAl区，且随时间延长有表达不断增高的趋势。TPM可能通过减少海马神经元损伤而明显下调海马CAl、CA3区bFGF的表达。     

阿昔洛韦对单纯疱疹病毒脑炎小鼠脑细胞的保护作用

目的 了解单纯疱疹病毒脑炎(HSE)脑细胞结构的改变及药物的影响。方法 采用光学显微镜及透射电子显微镜观察HSE小鼠脑细胞结构的变化，并给予阿昔洛韦(ACV)及地塞米松(DEX)治疗，观察治疗后脑细胞结构的变化。结果 HSE小鼠脑神经细胞明显肿胀，核仁固缩，核内结构破坏，线粒体及高尔基体可见空泡样变性，核仁内可见病毒颗粒。用药物干预的小鼠脑神经细胞改变较轻微，未找到病毒颗粒；与单用ACV干预的小鼠相比，用ACV DEX干预的小鼠脑神经细胞及毛细血管周围水肿明显减轻。结论 HSE早期给予ACV DEX治疗，对HSE脑细胞结构有明显保护作用。     

11β-羟类固醇脱氢酶与2型糖尿病

11β-羟类固醇脱氢酶(11β-HSDs)催化氢化可的松(皮质酮)和可的松(脱氢皮质酮)的相互转化，对调节局部糖皮质激素的活性起着重要作用，而糖皮质激素可诱导胰岛素抵抗。肝、脂肪等组织内11β-HSD活性的改变与肥胖、2型糖尿病等疾病密切相关。     

前列腺素E1对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨前列腺素E1（PGE1）对肝脏 因再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 制作常温下大鼠部分肝叶缺血再灌注模型，于缺血前经门静脉给予PGE1，45min后恢复血流灌注，并于1h后取门静脉血测定血清谷草转氨酶（GOT）、谷丙转氨酶（GPT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肿瘤坏死因子－α（TNF－α）及内皮素1（ET－1），同时取缺血肝叶行病理组织学检查。结果 缺血再灌注组GOT、GPT、LDH及TNF－α和ET－1均明显高于正常对照组，PGE1组则明显低于缺血再灌注组。PGE1组的肝脏病理组织学改变明显轻于缺血再灌注组，并接近正常对照组。结论 PGE1对肝缺血再灌注具有保护作用。     

十二指肠镜下逆行胆胰管造影及取石并发急性胰腺炎6例分析

目的探讨十二指肠镜下逆行胆胰管造影(ERCP)及取石(EST)引发急性胰腺炎的防治方法。方法对该院已行ERCP和EST的42例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果6例术后并发急性胰腺炎，其中1例死亡。结论ERCP和EST引发急性胰腺炎，主要有两种情况，一是化学刺激引发急性胰腺炎；另一方面为共同通道受阻引发急性胰腺炎，只有在操作中认真防范，术后仔细观察、处理，该并发症是可以防治的。     

Two novel gastric cancer-associated genes identified by differential display

AIM To clone novel gastric cancer-associated genes and investigate their roles in gastric cancer occurrence.METHODS A method called differential display was used which allows the identification of differentially expressed genes by using PAGE to display PCR-amplified cDNA fragments between gastric cancer cells and normal gastric mucosa cells. These fragments were cloned into plasmid vector pUC18. Homology analysis was made after sequencing these fragments.RESULTS Two novel genes were identified compared with sequences from GenBank. One was registered with the AD number AF 051783. In situ hybridization showed that these two novel genes expressed specifically in gastric cancer tissues.CONCLUSION The two novel genes obtained by differential display were confirmed to be gastric cancer-associated genes using in situ hybridization.