重离子束治癌

由于重离子Bragg峰的物理特性，使重离子束治疗肿瘤成为当今最先进的技术。因此，在许多国家这一技术得到发展，而且取得了很好的社会效益和经济效益。介绍了重离子治疗技术的现状、发展和研究的新信息。     

重离子束治癌

由于重离子Bragg峰的物理特性,使重离子束治疗肿瘤成为当今最先进的技术。因此,在许多国家这一技术得到发展,而且取得了很好的社会效益和经济效益。介绍了重离子治疗技术的现状、发展和研究的新信息。     

不同剂量率X射线辐照对小鼠免疫系统的影响

目的 检测经相同剂量不同剂量率X射线照射的BalB／C小鼠外周血淋巴细胞周期及胸腺和脾脏指数。方法 18只BalB／c小鼠随机分为对照组（controI），低剂量率照射组（20cGy／min）和高剂量率照射组（300cGy／min），每组6只。低剂量组和高剂量组采用剂量率分别为2．0cGy／min和300cGy／min的1GyX射线对小鼠进行全身照射，24h后取血及器官，用流式细胞仪检测外周血淋巴细胞的周期变化，用称量的方法得到胸腺和脾脏指数。结果 高剂量率辐射时，小鼠外周血淋巴细胞的损伤较低剂量时大，而且对雄性鼠的影响大于雌性；同时，胸腺和脾脏指数变化也随着剂量率的增大而减小。结论 低剂量率的照射对小鼠外周血淋巴细胞、胸腺和脾脏的影响较高剂量率辐射小；雌性鼠的辐射耐受能力较雄性强。     

重离子和X射线照射对小鼠骨髓细胞周期分布的影响

目的 研究重离子和X射线全身照射小鼠对骨髓细胞周期分布的影响，为面向生物学对象的重离子治疗提供基础数据。方法用X射线和重离子照射BALB／c小鼠后，24h后制得骨髓细胞，采用PI染色用流式细胞仪测骨髓细胞周期变化。结果照射24h后，X射线照射的各组骨髓细胞周期分布与对照组差异没有统计学意义；重离子照射组与对照组相比，出现G1／G0期和G1／M期阻滞，与相同剂量X射线照射组相比亦出现G1／G0期和G2／M期阻滞。结论 相同剂量的重离子照射较X射线对骨髓细胞的损伤更严重，引发不同的生物学效应。     

维拉帕米对HeLa细胞12C6+离子辐射敏感性的影响

利用重离子加速器国家重点实验室提供的12C6+束流照射人宫颈瘤(HeLa)细胞,测量辐射结束后细胞克隆率绘制细胞存活曲线。使用10μg/mL的维拉帕米处理细胞作为一组对照,检测维拉帕米对于HeLa细胞辐射敏感性的影响。利用Fluo-3 AM钙离子荧光探针配合流式细胞仪检测重离子照射后的胞内游离钙(IECa2+)水平。实验结果表明0～5 Gy范围内重离子辐射剂量与HeLa细胞存活率负相关,照射结束后胞质游离钙浓度有一定程度的上升。而维拉帕米能显著降低HeLa细胞经重离子辐射后的存活及增殖能力,且胞质游离钙浓度处于较低水平。造成这种现象的原因可能是维拉帕米能降低细胞对非致死性DNA损伤的修复能力。     

12C6+离子束局部照射小鼠后的存活及血象变化观察

众所周知, 放射线(X射线、γ射线、带电粒子)治疗是一种较为成熟而有效的肿瘤治疗手段。然而, 放射治疗存在的最大弱势就是“敌我”不分, 即正常组织和病灶同时被杀伤。因此, 在放射治疗中, 病灶接受剂量即被杀伤程度要严格受正常组织的耐受剂量值的制约。     

脑瘫丸对神经细胞损伤修复及缺氧缺血幼鼠认知功能障碍的影响

BACKGROUND： Hypoxia and ischemia induce neuronal damage, decreased neuronal numbers and synaptophysin levels, and deficits in learning and memory functions. Previous studies have shown that lycium barbarum polysaccharide, the most effective component of barbary wolfberry fruit, has protective effects on neural cells in hypoxia-ischemia. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of Naotan Pill on glutamate-treated neural cells and on cognitive function in juvenile rats following hypoxia-ischemia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled, in vivo study was performed at the Cell Laboratory of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Gansu Provincial Rehabilitation Center Hospital, China from December 2005 to August 2006. The cellular neurobiology, in vitro experiment was conducted at the Institute of Human Anatomy, Histology, Embryology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, and Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Gansu Provincial Rehabilitation Center Hospital, China from March 2007 to January 2008. MATERIALS： Naotan Pill, composed of barbary wolfberry fruit, danshen root, grassleaf sweetflag rhizome, and glossy privet fruit, was prepared by Gansu Provincial Rehabilitation Center, China. Rabbit anti-synaptophysin, choline acetyl transferase polyclonal antibody, streptavidin-biotin complex kit and diaminobenzidine kit （Boster, Wuhan, China）, as well as glutamate （Hualian, Shanghai, China） were used in this study. METHODS： Cortical neural cells were isolated from neonatal Wistar rats. Neural cell damage models were induced using glutamate, and administered Naotan Pill prior to and following damage. A total of 54 juvenile Wistar rats were equally and randomly assigned into model, Naotan Pill, and sham operation groups. The left common carotid artery was ligated, and then rat models of hypoxic-ischemic injury were assigned to the model and Naotan Pill groups. At 2 days following model induction, rats in the Naotan Pill group were administered Naotan Pillsuspension for 21 days. In the model and sham operation groups, rats received an equal volume of saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Neural cell morphology was observed using an inverted phase contrast microscope. Survival rate of neural cells was measured by MTT assay. Synaptophysin and choline acetyl transferase expression was observed in the hippocampal CA1 region of juvenile rats using immunohistochemistry. Cognitive function was tested by the Morris water maze. RESULTS： Pathological changes were detected in glutamate-treated neural cells. Neural cell morphology remained normal after Naotan Pill intervention. Absorbance and survival rate of neural cells were significantly greater following Naotan Pill intervention, compared to glutamate-treated neural cells （P 〈 0.05）. Synaptophysin and choline acetyl transferase expression was lowest in the hippocampal CA1 region in the model group and highest in the sham operation group. Significant differences among groups were observed （P 〈 0.05）. Escape latency and swimming distance were significantly longer in the model group compared to the Naotan Pill group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Naotan Pill exhibited protective and repair effects on glutamate-treated neural cells. Naotan Pill upregulated synaptophysin and choline acetyl transferase expression in the hippocampus and improved cognitive function in rats following hypoxia-ischemia.     

染色体畸变与人肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性关系的研究进展

放疗是治疗癌症的有效手段之一，然而各种肿瘤甚至同种肿瘤的不同病人其疗效却有很大差异，其中重要的影响因素就是肿瘤细胞的辐射敏感性。如果能在放疗前预知其敏感性的高低，则可大大地改善放疗方案的制定和决策，从而有针对性的提高各个病人的疗效。目前，常用低剂量照射后的细胞存活率(如SF2)判断辐射敏感性，但这种方法需要的时间较长，而且活检细胞体外培养不易成功，     

碳离子全身辐照致小鼠造血系统的损伤

目的：探讨不同剂量碳离子全身辐射对小鼠造血系统的损伤及其恢复情况。方法：分别用0、0.5、1、4、6 Gy碳离子束对小鼠进行一次性全身辐照,在辐照后第1、3、8天用碱性彗星电泳实验和流式细胞术分别检测小鼠骨髓单核细胞DNA损伤与细胞周期分布,并检测外周血细胞含量及脾脏指数。结果：与对照组相比,碳离子全身辐照导致小鼠骨髓单核细胞DNA损伤,其损伤程度与辐照剂量呈正相关（r均≤0.96,P均 < 0.01）,且在辐照后第3天损伤最为严重,在辐照后第8天,DNA损伤与对照组相比,差异仍显著（P均 < 0.01）。碳离子全身辐照引起小鼠骨髓单核细胞周期产生明显的S期和G2/M期阻滞,以及外周血有核细胞数急剧下降和脾脏指数降低（P均 < 0.05）,且随辐照剂量的增加而趋于严重。在辐照后第8天,小鼠骨髓单核细胞S期阻滞基本解除（P > 0.05）,但有核细胞数和脾脏指数并未明显回升（P均 < 0.05）。结论：不同剂量碳离子全身辐照均使小鼠造血系统严重受损。在0.5~6 Gy碳离子束照后第8天,小鼠骨髓细胞DNA损伤仍较严重,造血功能未明显恢复。     

不同LET碳离子对哺乳动物细胞的生物学效应

目的 研究不同传能线密度（LET）的重离子对体外培养细胞存活率,微核率和染色体畸变的效应,方法 用集落形成法研究细胞的存活情况。观察统计细胞微核率和染色体结构的变化。结果 （1）细胞存活：不同LET碳离子引起细胞失活效应由大到小的顺序依次为125,200,700keVμm。（2）细胞微核：相同剂量下,200kgV/μm碳离子所致微核率高于700keV/μm时的结果。（3）染色体畸变;可看到多种染色体结构变异。结论 在本实验中,LET为125kgV/μm的碳离子引起的失活效应最大,200kgV/μm碳离子引起的微核率离于700keV/μm碳离子引起的微核率。