蛋白质组学在心血管研究中的应用

随着基因组数据库的不断完善和蛋白质组学技术的不断发展，已有越来越多的研究者将蛋白质组学运用到心血管疾病研究中，即运用2—DE、质谱等手段来观察心肌缺血、高血压、心肌肥大、心衰、心肌梗塞导致的心肌细胞蛋白质表达水平和翻译后修饰(PTM)的改变，对这些急慢性心血管疾病的分子机制给予独特的解释。与此同时，各种心血管疾病模型相关蛋白质组数据库也在建设之中，这将大大方便更多的蛋白质组研究。本文综述了近年来使用蛋白质组学在心血管研究中所取得的进展。     

子宫内膜癌42例临床分析

目的了解子宫内膜癌发病的高危因素，探讨其早期诊断的手段。方法对42例子宫内膜癌的病史、临床表现、诊断技术及病理类型进行分析。结果子宫内膜癌占同期生殖系统恶性肿瘤病人的38．1％，不规则子宫出血是子宫内膜癌的主要症状，其次是阴道排液增多。不孕病人及更年期功能性子宫出血长期受无孕激素桔抗的雌激素刺激是本病的高危因素。结论诊断性刮宫及超声波探查对诊断及分期是必不可少的方法。     

益气活血冲剂对创伤骨折致肾脏损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨益气活血冲剂对创伤骨折所致肾损伤的保护作用。方法：将大鼠或小鼠分为空白组、对照组和实验组。分别于术后不同时期处死动物,测定三组的肾指数、肾中柠檬酸、DNA、RNA含量及^3H-TdR ^3H-UR参入率。结果：创伤骨折引起大鼠肾指数明显下降,^3H-TdR 参入受抑制,DNA含量降低,^3H-UR参入率和RNA含量升高;应用益气活血冲剂可以改善这些变化、促进DNA和RNA的合成。结论：创伤骨折后应用益气活血冲剂可以改善创伤引起的肾脏的变化。     

Recent progress in the applications of gold-based nanoparticles towards tumor-targeted imaging and therapy

Cancer death rate remains high all over the world, scientists are paying increasing attention to meet the requirements for precise diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, early diagnosis and active treatment can effectively improve the five-year survival rate of patients. In recent years, gold-based nanomaterials have received increasing attention in medical fields due to their excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity and unique properties. In addition, because of the inherent nature of gold nanomaterials including for computed tomography (CT), fluorescence/optical imaging (FI/OI), surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy imaging (SERS), photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT), various gold nanomaterials were developed as theranostic nanoplatforms. In this review, we summarized the latest developments of nanomaterials in imaging and combined therapy, and the prospects for the future application of gold-based theranostic nanoplatforms were also proposed.

We summarize the latest developments of gold nanomaterials in imaging and combined therapy as well as prospects for the future application of gold-based theranostic nanoplatforms.     

胰腺癌k－ras基因突变及其与HER－2／neu表达的关系

采用ＰＣＲ技术，以石蜡切片中ＤＮＡ为模板，成功地在１９例胰腺癌中的１８例（９４．７％）扩增了ｋ－ｒａｓ基因片段。用特异核酸探针和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交检测了扩增后的ｋ－ｒａｓ基因。发现１８例中有１５例（８３．３％）含有点突变。未证实ｋ－ｒａｓ基因突变与预后的关系。免疫组化检测发现本组１９例中９例有ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ过表达井与患者预后不良密切相关。未证实ｋ－ｒａｓ基因突变与ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ过表达有关。结果提示：①ｋ－ｒａｓ基因突变在胰腺癌中极为常见，可作为诊断的指标；②ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ过表达也常见于胰腺癌，与ｋ－ｒａｓ突变关系不大，是一个极好的预后指标。     

川芎嗪与左旋精氨酸对急性心肌梗死大鼠的心肌保护作用

目的比较川芎嗪(TMP)与川芎嗪和左旋精氨酸(L—arg)联合疗法对急性心肌梗死(AMI)大鼠的心肌保护作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法采用垂体后叶素(pituitrin,Pit)尾静脉注射复制大鼠AMI模型,设立正常对照组、模型组、TMP治疗组、TMP与L—arg联合治疗组,用免疫组化法观察心肌梗死时P-选择素、E-选择素的表达情况,并测定血清肌酸激酶(CK)、肌钙蛋白T(TnT)及心肌组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的浓度。结果模型组与正常对照组比较,血清CK、TnT浓度、心肌组织MP0浓度有明显升高(P<0．01),P-选择素、E-选择素的表达明显上调(P<0．01);TMP治疗组、联合治疗组分别与模型组比较,上述各指标均下降,联合治疗组下降更为明显(P值均<0．05)。结论TMP与L—arg合用可通过多种环节抑制黏附分子的表达和降低白细胞的浸润,对治疗AMI有显著协同作用。     

Is gastric electrical stimulation superior to standard pharmacologic therapy in improving GI symptoms,healthcare resources,and long-term health care benefits?

CONTEXT: Severe upper gastrointestinal (GI) motor disorders, including gastroparesis (GP), can consume significant health care resources. Many patients are refractory to traditional drug therapy. OBJECTIVE: To compare symptoms, healthcare resource utilization and costs in two groups of patients with the symptoms of GP: those treated via gastric electrical stimulation (GES) and those treated with traditional pharmacological agents in an intensive outpatient program (MED). DESIGN: A long-term comparison of patients with devices (n = 9) vs intensive medical therapy (n = 9). SETTING AND PATIENTS: A total of 18 eligible patients with the symptoms of GP reported for 1-year baseline and long-term treatment for 3 years. INTERVENTIONS: Patients with the symptoms of GP were treated by a GES or intensive medical therapy (MED). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: GP Symptoms, healthcare resource utilization using investigator-derived independent outcome measure score (IDIOMS) and total hospital (inpatient and outpatient) billing costs. RESULTS: Gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly different from baseline (F = 3.03, P < 0.017) with GP patients treated via GES showing more sustained improvement over 36 months than those treated via MED. Healthcare resource usage, measured via the IDIOMS, significantly improved at 12, 24 and 36 month follow-up for GES patients (F = 10.49, P < 0.001), compared with patients receiving medical therapy, who demonstrated further deterioration. GP patients treated via GES also proved superior to medical therapy at 24 and 36 months with regard to decreased costs (F = 4.85, P < 0.001). Within group comparisons indicated significantly reduced hospital days for both patient groups; however, no statistical differences were noted between groups in terms of hospital days. Three of nine patients in the MED group died primarily from i.v. access related problems; none of the GES patients died. CONCLUSION: We conclude that GES is more effective in improving long-term GI symptoms and costs, and decreasing use of healthcare resources than intensive medical therapy, in this sample of patients with the symptoms of GP followed for 3 years. Certain patients with GP form a high-risk group in terms of costs, quality of life, morbidity and mortality.     

小儿恶性肿瘤住院化疗合并感染的临床分析

目的　掌握小儿恶性肿瘤住院化疗过程中的感染状况。方法　对住院化疗的 96例肿瘤患儿的 74 2个疗程进行回顾性调查分析。结果　疗程的感染率为 2 1.4 % ;急性白血病诱导、巩固阶段的感染率分别为 5 0 .8%及4 3.9% ,高于治疗的其他阶段 ;73%的感染患儿血中性粒细胞 <10 0 0 / mm3。结论　小儿恶性肿瘤住院化疗合并感染与化疗的强度及血中性粒细胞数降低有关。     

肾脏缺血预适应及细胞间黏附分子1的作用

目的建立肾脏缺血预适应大鼠模型,探讨缺血预适应对细胞间黏附分子(ICAM)-1mRNA表达的影响。方法摘除右肾后,对左肾采用2min缺血 5min再灌注,4个循环后再缺血45min,建立大鼠肾脏缺血预适应模型。RT-PCR检测肾脏ICAM-1mRNA表达。结果缺血预适应使肾缺血后Scr的升高幅度值减少,肾小管损伤减轻,髓质ICAM-1mRNA表达降低。结论肾脏缺血预适应可从组织学和功能上减轻肾脏的急性缺血性损伤,这可能与肾组织ICAM-1表达降低及局部炎症减轻有关。     

脑卒中后抑郁的影响因素及其心理干预研究

目的：研究脑卒中后抑郁症发生的可能影响因素,以及心理干预作用。方法：对2013年6月到2015年7月,就诊于本院的206例脑卒中患者,进行配对分组研究,并给与研究组患者心理干预,利用量表对患者评分,汇总并对结果进行统计分析。结果：神经功能损伤程度、生活事件总分、社会支持客观分、家庭负担、患者对治疗的依从性、病前吸烟状况和病变部位是影响脑卒中后抑郁发生的主要因素。心理干预在预防和治疗脑卒中抑郁症的发生中有明显效果,但在病后初期很难对抑郁症的发生有明显疗效,需要持续而耐心给予患者长期的心理干预。结论：脑卒中后抑郁症发生的影响因素众多,可以针对主要影响因素,给予患者病后疾病指导,同时,心理干预可以有效减少减轻脑卒中病人的抑郁症发生,这位临床治疗提供了新的思路。