Microsomatoagnosia: whole body schema illusion as part of an epileptic aura

We report a patient who presented with a whole body microsomatoagnosia as part of an epileptic aura. We postulate that this rare phenomenon argues in favor of the existence of a whole body integrative neuronal network which mediates the bodily awareness.     

A proteoliposome formulation derived from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bordetella pertussis</Emphasis> induces protection in two murine challenge models

Whooping cough remains a health problem despite high vaccination coverage. It has been recommended that development of new strategies provide long-lasting immunity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of proteoliposomes (PL) extracted from Bordetella pertussis as a vaccine candidate against whooping cough. The size of the B. pertussis PL was estimated to be 96.7±50.9 nm by Scanning Correlation Spectroscopy and the polydispersity index was 0.268. Western blots using monoclonal antibodies revealed the presence of pertussis toxin, pertactin, and fimbriae 3. The Limulus Amebocyte Lisate (LAL) assay showed endotoxin levels lower than those reported for whole cell pertussis licensed vaccines, while the Pyrogen Test indicated 75 ng/mL/Kg. The PL showed high protection capacity in mouse challenge models. There was 89.7% survival in the intracerebral challenge and total reduction of the number of CFU in the intranasal challenge. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between mice immunized with B. pertussis PL and the Cuban DTwP vaccine, whichever challenge model used. These results encouraged us to continue the development of the B. pertussis PL as a component of a new combined vaccine formulated with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids or as a booster dose for adolescents and adults.     

Accuracy of biometric formulae for intraocular lens power calculation in a teaching hospital

AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of three commonly used biometric formulae across different axial lengths (ALs) at one United States Veterans Affairs teaching hospital. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted from November 2013 to May 2018. One eye of each patient who underwent cataract surgery with a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) was included. The range of postoperative follow-up period was from 3wk to 4mo. The Holladay 2, Barrett Universal II, and Hill-Radial Basis Function (Hill-RBF) formulae were used to predict the postoperative refraction for all cataract surgeries. For each formula, we calculated the prediction errors [including mean absolute prediction error (MAE)] and the percentage of eyes within ±0.25 diopter (D) and ±0.5 D of predicted refraction. We performed subgroup analyses for short (AL<22.0 mm), medium (AL 22.0-25.0 mm), and long eyes (AL>25.0 mm). RESULTS: A total of 1131 patients were screened, and 909 met the inclusion criteria. Resident ophthalmologists were the primary surgeons in 710 (78.1%) cases. We found no statistically significant difference in predictive accuracy among the three formulae over the entire AL range or in the short, medium, and long eye subgroups. Across the entire AL range, the Hill-RBF formula resulted in the lowest MAE (0.384 D) and the highest percentage of eyes with postoperative refraction within ±0.25 D (42.7%) and ±0.5 D (75.5%) of predicted. All three formulae had the highest MAEs (>0.5 D) and lowest percentage within ±0.5 D of predicted refraction (<55%) in short eyes. CONCLUSION: In cataract surgery patients at our teaching hospital, three commonly used biometric formulae demonstrate similar refractive accuracy across all ALs. Short eyes pose the greatest challenge to predicting postoperative refractive error.     

葛根素双相动态提取工艺优化研究

目的:研究葛根中葛根素的最佳双相动态提取工艺。方法:以葛根素提取率为主要指标,出膏率为次要指标,采用L9(34)正交试验设计对提取工艺进行优化,考查硫酸浓度、溶剂倍数、提取时间、提取次数对葛根素含量的影响。结果:葛根素的最佳提取工艺为浓度2.0%的硫酸,12倍量溶剂1,00℃,提取2次,提取时间1.5 h。结论:优选得到的工艺稳定,重复性好,便于质量控制和工业化生产。     

New model for analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data distinguishes metastatic from nonmetastatic transplanted rodent prostate tumors.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCEMRI) data were acquired from metastatic and nonmetastatic tumors in rodents to follow the uptake and washout of a low-molecular-weight contrast agent (Gd-DTPA) and a contrast agent with higher molecular weight (P792). The concentration vs. time curves calculated for the tumor rims and centers were analyzed using the two-compartment model (TCM) and a newly developed empirical mathematical model (EMM). The EMM provided improved fits to the experimental data compared to the TCM. Parameters derived from the empirical model showed that the contrast agent washout rate was significantly slower in metastatic tumors than in nonmetastatic tumors for both Gd-DTPA (P < 0.03) and P792 (P < 0.04). The effects of the tumor on blood flow in "normal" tissue immediately adjacent to the tumors were evident: Gd-DTPA uptake and washout rates were much lower in muscle near the tumor (P < 0.05) than normal muscle farther from the tumor. The results suggest that accurate fits of DCEMRI data provide kinetic parameters that distinguish between metastatic and relatively benign cancers. In addition, a comparison of the dynamics of Gd-DTPA and P792 provides information regarding the microenvironment of tumors.     

Acupuncture therapy for persistent hiccups

Persistent hiccups (singultus) is a rare but severely disabling disorder. The causes of persistent hiccups are numerous, as are the treatment options. However, none of the treatment modalities has proven to be effective by evidence-based criteria, and no treatment has been shown to be superior to another. Traditional acupuncture has not been previously reported as a modality for the treatment of persistent hiccups in the English medical literature. We describe 2 patients with persistent hiccups refractory to conventional treatments that were treated successfully using acupuncture.