Characterization of Hprt mutations in cDNA and genomic DNA of T-cell mutants from control and 1,3-butadiene-exposed male B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats

A multiplex PCR procedure for analysis of genomic DNA mutations in the mouse hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) gene was developed and then used with other established methods for the coincident identification of large- and small-scale genetic alterations in the Hprt gene of mutant T-cell isolates propagated from sham- and 1,3-butadiene (BD)-exposed mice and rats. The spectra data for RT-PCR/cDNA analysis and multiplex PCR of genomic DNA from Hprt mutants were combined, and statistical analyses of the mutant fractions for the classes of mutations identified in control versus exposed animals were conducted. Under the assumption that the mutant fractions are distributed as Poisson variates, BD exposure of mice significantly increased the frequencies of (1) nearly all types of base substitutions; (2) single-base deletions and insertions; and (3) all subcategories of deletions. Significantly elevated fractions of G:C-->C:G and A:T-->T:A transversions in the Hprt gene of BD-exposed mice were consistent with the occurrence of these substitutions as the predominant ras gene mutations in multiple tumor types increased in incidence in carcinogenicity studies of BD in mice. BD exposure of rats produced significant increases in (1) base substitutions only at A:T base pairs; (2) single-base insertions; (3) complex mutations; and (4) deletions (mainly 5' partial and complete gene deletions). Future coincident analyses of large- and small-scale mutations in rodents exposed to specific BD metabolites should help identify species differences in the sources of deletion mutations and other types of mutations induced by BD exposures in mice versus rats.     

卵巢上皮性癌ERCC1表达与顺铂化疗耐药关系的研究

目的:探讨卵巢上皮性癌组织中ERCC1表达水平与顺铂化疗耐药的相关性。方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测42例卵巢癌组织中ERCC1的表达并分析其与顺铂化疗耐药的关系。结果:卵巢癌组织ERCC1表达水平与卵巢上皮性癌患者年龄、手术分期及组织学类型无关,而与卵巢上皮性癌患者以顺铂为基础联合化疗的耐药性有关。卵巢癌化疗耐药组ERCC1的阳性表达率为77.27%,明显高于敏感组35.00%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:ERCC1在卵巢上皮性癌组织中的表达水平与顺铂化疗耐药有关。     

加强继续医学教育管理促进医院持续发展

继续医学教育是以学习新知识、新理论、新技术、新方法为主的连续性、统一性医学教育[1]。规范继续医学教育管理的目的就是提高医院卫生技术人员的素质,从而进行人才培养的开发。不但是提高医疗质量的重要手段和根本保证,还是医院持续发展的重要原因之一。     

Medium and long-term complications difference between laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration versus endoscopic sphincterotomy against choledocholithiasis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Common bile duct stone (CBDS) is typically manifested with abdominal pain, chills, fever, and jaundice. Laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration (LTCBDE) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) are currently the main minimally invasive methods for the treatment of CBDS. However, there are few studies about the differences of medium and long-term complication after EST or LTCBDE. Therefore, we will conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to systematically evaluate the difference of medium and long-term complications between EST and LTCBDE against CBDS.Methods:Randomized controlled trials of EST or LTCBDE against CBDS will be searched in several English and Chinese databases with the following vocabularies: “laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration,” “endoscopic sphincterotomy,” “choledocholithiasis,” “common bile duct stone” until December, 2020. Two reviewers will independently conduct the literature extraction, risk of bias assessment, and statistical analysis.Results and Conclusions:The study will help to systematically evaluate the difference of medium and long-term complication between EST and LTCBDE against CBDS.OSF Registration number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/5U7SA.     

Systematic comparison of adeno‐associated virus and biotinylated dextran amine reveals equivalent sensitivity between tracers and novel projection targets in the mouse brain

As an anterograde neuronal tracer, recombinant adeno‐associated virus (AAV) has distinct advantages over the widely used biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). However, the sensitivity and selectivity of AAV remain uncharacterized for many brain regions and species. To validate this tracing method further, AAV (serotype 1) was systematically compared with BDA as an anterograde tracer by injecting both tracers into three cortical and 15 subcortical regions in C57BL/6J mice. Identical parameters were used for our sequential iontophoretic injections, producing injections of AAV that were more robust in size and in density of neurons infected compared with those of BDA. However, these differences did not preclude further comparison between the tracers, because the pairs of injections were suitably colocalized and contained some percentage of double‐labeled neurons. A qualitative analysis of projection patterns showed that the two tracers behave very similarly when injection sites are well matched. Additionally, a quantitative analysis of relative projection intensity for cases targeting primary motor cortex (MOp), primary somatosensory cortex (SSp), and caudoputamen (CP) showed strong agreement in the ranked order of projection intensities between the two tracers. A detailed analysis of the projections of two brain regions (SSp and MOp) revealed many targets that have not previously been described in the mouse or rat. Minor retrograde labeling of neurons was observed in all cases examined, for both AAV and BDA. Our results show that AAV has actions equivalent to those of BDA as an anterograde tracer and is suitable for analysis of neural circuitry throughout the mouse brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1989–2012, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

右美托咪啶对活体亲属供肾者术后肾功能的影响

 目的 探讨右美托咪啶对活体亲属供肾者术后肾功能的影响。方法 选择2015-01至2017-12择期亲属供肾术者40例,随机分为右美托咪啶组和对照组,各20例。右美托咪啶组供肾者麻醉诱导前10~15 min静脉泵入右美托咪啶1 μg/kg,继以0.5 μg/(kg·h)维持,手术结束前30 min停药;对照组供肾者按右美托咪啶组静脉泵入等量的生理盐水。于麻醉诱导前(T₁)、术毕即刻(T₂)、术后24 h(T₃)、术后48 h(T₄)采血检测TNFα、IL-6和IL-10的浓度。监测术前、术后24 h及48 h血清尿素氮(BUN)及肌酐(Cr)浓度。结果 右美托咪啶组较对照组术后24 h和48 h血清BUN[24 h, (6.41±1.23) mmol/L vs (9.24±1.25) mmol/L; 48 h, (6.62±1.30) mmol/L vs (8.41±2.4) mmol/L]和Cr[24 h, (98.2±4.7) μmol/L vs (111.4±5.1) μmol/L; 48 h, (104.4±6.2) μmol/L vs (119.5±8.2) μmol/L]明显降低(P<0.05)。T₂-T₄时右美托咪啶组与对照组比较,血清TNF-α和IL-6浓度均明显降低,而IL-10的浓度明显增高(P<0.05)。结论 一定剂量的右美托咪啶对活体亲属供肾者手术后早期具有肾功能保护作用。     

中药湿热敷联合睑板腺按摩治疗睑板腺功能障碍临床研究

目的:观察中药湿热敷联合睑板腺按摩治疗睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)的临床疗效。方法:将80例确诊为MGD的患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各40例。对照组采用常规西药治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上采用软坚散结、清热活血中药湿热敷联合睑板腺按摩治疗。比较2组中医证候积分、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)及总有效率。结果:与同组治疗前比较,治疗4周、1个月、3个月后2组中医证候积分均降低(P0.01),BUT值均增加(P0.01)。与对照组治疗4周、1个月后比较,对照组治疗3个月后中医证候积分升高(P0.01),BUT值降低(P0.01)。与对照组治疗4周、1个月、3个月后比较,治疗组同期中医证候积分降低(P0.05,P0.01),同期BUT值增加(P0.05,P0.01)。治疗4周后,2组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组治疗后3个月后比较,治疗组总有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:软坚散结、清热活血中药湿热敷联合睑板腺按摩治疗MGD能取得较好的疗效。     

开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的不同病理分型的疗效观察

目的 探讨开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的不同病理分型的疗效.方法 回顾性分析经后路椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗98例腰椎间盘突出症患者,根据术中所见椎间盘突出的髓核形态及纤维环破损大小将其分为四型,并对各型进行术后3个月疗效观察,并进行统计学分析比较.结果 术前术后JOA评分显示下腰背痛、腿痛和/或麻刺痛、步态、日常活动受限度及总分的改善各分型都有显著的统计学差异（P＜0.01）;下腰背痛和直腿抬高试验,除Ⅰ型外,其它各型术前术后比较均有统计学差异（P＜0.01）;感觉、运动及膀胱功能方面,除Ⅳ型外,其它各型术前术后比较均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）.手术后,各型VAS评分显著低于术前（P＜0.01）.根据SC标准,疗效优劣依次为Ⅳ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅰ型.结论 腰椎间盘突出症患者在采用开窗髓核摘除术后患者的下腰背痛、步态、腿痛和/或麻刺痛及总分改善各分型等方面均较明显改善,有较好临床疗效.开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的预后跟术前椎间盘的纤维环的完整性密切相关.