全文获取类型
收费全文 | 173篇 |
免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 4篇 |
妇产科学 | 4篇 |
基础医学 | 20篇 |
口腔科学 | 1篇 |
临床医学 | 26篇 |
内科学 | 36篇 |
皮肤病学 | 1篇 |
神经病学 | 7篇 |
特种医学 | 3篇 |
外科学 | 10篇 |
预防医学 | 46篇 |
药学 | 14篇 |
肿瘤学 | 6篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 11篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 9篇 |
2010年 | 7篇 |
2009年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 19篇 |
2006年 | 16篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 3篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有179条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kati Talvinen Henna Karra Reino Pitkänen Ilmari Ahonen Marjukka Nykänen Minnamaija Lintunen Mirva Söderström Teijo Kuopio Pauliina Kronqvist 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2013,121(10):945-953
Cell cycle regulators cdc27 and securin participate in control of the mitotic checkpoint and survey the mitotic spindle to maintain chromosomal integrity. This is achieved by their functions in metaphase–anaphase transition, DNA damage repair, enhancement of mitotic arrest and apoptosis. We report on the roles of cdc27 and securin in aneuploidy and prognosis of breast cancer. The study comprises 429 breast cancer patients with up to 22 years of follow‐up. DNA content was determined by image cytometry, and immunopositivity for cdc27 and securin was based on tissue microarrays. An inverse association between cdc27 and securin expression was observed in both image cytometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Low cdc27 and high securin expression identified patients with significant difference in disease outcome. Cdc27 and securin immunoexpression identified patients at risk of early cancer death within five years from diagnosis. In multivariate analysis, the combination of cdc27 and securin immunohistochemistry was the strongest predictor of cancer death after lymph node status. We demonstrate, for the first time in human breast cancer, the prognostic value of cdc27 and securin immunohistochemistry. Cdc27 and securin appear promising biomarkers for applications in predicting disease progression, prognostication of individual patients and potential in anti‐mitotic drug development. 相似文献
2.
3.
Honkanen PO Rautakorpi UM Huovinen P Klaukka T Palva E Roine R Sarkkinen H Varonen H Mäkelä M;MIKSTRA Collaborative Study Group 《Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases》2002,34(11):827-830
The objectives of this prospective epidemiological study were to describe the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infections by Finnish general practitioners and to compare current practice with national evidence-based guidelines. All patients (n = 4386) seeking primary care for a respiratory tract infection for the first time in 30 health centres during 1 week in November 1998 participated in the study. The main outcome measures were the amounts and types of diagnostic tests used and antimicrobials prescribed. Tympanometry was used in 1% of patients with acute otitis media. Ultrasonography, sinus radiography or both were used in 80% of cases of sinusitis and antigen detection or culture for Streptococci in 57% of throat infections. In acute bronchitis, a chest radiograph was taken in 5% of cases and the CRP level determined in 8%. The corresponding figures for pneumonia were 49% and 39%. In pneumonia and throat infection, diagnostic testing was statistically significantly associated with the use of antimicrobials, but not in otitis, sinusitis or acute bronchitis. Diagnostic tests were underused in respiratory tract infections compared to evidence-based recommendations. 相似文献
4.
5.
Laitakari K. E. Mkel-Kaikkonen J. K. Kssi J. Kairaluoma M. Koivurova S. Pollari L. Ohtonen P. Rautio T. T. 《Techniques in coloproctology》2022,26(4):253-260
Techniques in Coloproctology - The aim of this study was to compare patients’ mid-term functional and quality of life (QoL) outcomes following robotic ventral mesh rectopexy (RVMR) and... 相似文献
6.
Blomgren K Alho OP Ertama L Huovinen P Korppi M Mäkelä M Penttilä M Pitkäranta A Savolainen S Varonen H Suonpää J;Finnish Society of Otorhinolaryngology committee 《Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases》2005,37(4):245-250
These clinical practice guidelines aim at providing assistance mainly to primary health care physicians for the diagnosis and management of acute sinusitis. Despite the huge impact of upper respiratory infections, criteria for diagnoses are often vague, and physicians are often uncertain of their diagnoses. This is not surprising, as the sole definition of acute sinusitis is somewhat confusing, not to mention the existing discrepancies between treatments, even among specialists. The Finnish Society of Otorhinolaryngology has set up a committee to evaluate existing data on acute sinusitis and to formulate these guidelines. The committee comprised Finnish experts in adult and paediatric otorhinolaryngology, clinical microbiology, radiology, paediatrics, and epidemiology. Recommendations given are based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, with the level of evidence presented. 相似文献
7.
Alastair J. Flint Anthony J. Rothschild Ellen M. Whyte George S. Alexopoulos Benoit H. Mulsant Patricia Marino Samprit Banerjee Cristina D. Pollari Yiyuan Wu Aristotle N. Voineskos Barnett S. Meyers 《The American journal of geriatric psychiatry》2021,29(7):645-654
ObjectiveTo examine the effect of older versus younger age on change in anthropometric and metabolic measures during extended treatment of psychotic depression with sertraline plus olanzapine.MethodsTwo hundred and sixty-nine men and women aged 18–85 years with an episode of psychotic depression were treated with open-label sertraline plus olanzapine for up to 12 weeks. Participants who remained in remission following an 8-week stabilization phase were eligible to participate in a 36-week randomized controlled trial (RCT) that compared the efficacy and tolerability of sertraline plus olanzapine with sertraline plus placebo. Weight, waist circumference and plasma lipids, glucose, HbA1c, and insulin were measured at regular intervals during the acute, stabilization and randomized phases of the study. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the trajectories of anthropometric and metabolic measures.ResultsParticipants aged 60 years or older experienced less weight gain and less increase in cholesterol during the combined acute and stabilization phases of the study compared with those aged 18–59 years. At the acute-stabilization termination visit, mean weight in older participants was 6.5 lb. less than premorbid weight, whereas it was 17.9 lb. more than premorbid weight in younger participants. In the RCT, there was a significant interaction of treatment and age group for the trajectory of weight, but the post hoc tests that compared age groups within each treatment arm were not statistically significant. There were no clinically significant differences between younger and older participants in glycemic measures.ConclusionOlder patients with psychotic depression experienced less increase in weight and total cholesterol than their younger counterparts during acute and stabilization treatment with sertraline plus olanzapine. In the older group, weight gained during the acute and stabilization phases appeared to be partial restoration of weight lost during the index episode of depression, whereas weight gain in younger participants was not. 相似文献
8.
Maija Vaittinen Dorota Kaminska Pirjo K?kel? Matti Eskelinen Marjukka Kolehmainen Jussi Pihlajam?ki Matti Uusitupa Leena Pulkkinen 《Diabetes》2013,62(11):3747-3750
We have previously demonstrated that the expression of calcineurin-like phosphoesterase domain containing 1 (CPPED1) decreases in adipose tissue (AT) after weight reduction. However, the function of CPPED1 in AT is unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether the change in CPPED1 expression is connected to changes in adipocyte glucose metabolism. First, we confirmed that the expression of CPPED1 decreased after weight loss in subcutaneous AT. Second, the expression of CPPED1 did not change during adipocyte differentiation. Third, CPPED1 knockdown with small interfering RNA increased expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism (adiponectin, adiponectin receptor 1, and GLUT4) and improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. To conclude, CPPED1 is a novel molecule involved in AT biology, and CPPED1 is involved in glucose uptake in adipocytes.Lifestyle modification improves glucose metabolism and results in a substantial reduction in the risk of type 2 diabetes in the long-term (1). In searching new putative genes related to obesity and type 2 diabetes, we have previously demonstrated a multitude of changes in adipose tissue (AT) gene expression in response to weight reduction in individuals with metabolic syndrome (2,3). Among the downregulated genes was calcineurin-like phosphoesterase domain containing 1 (CPPED1) (2); its function in AT is completely unknown.Therefore, we continued to study the role of CPPED1 in AT in more detail. Interestingly, the experiment using a Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) cell strain demonstrated an impact of CPPED1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in mature adipocytes. Overall, the results demonstrate that CPPED1 is a novel molecule expressed in AT and is related to adipocyte function. 相似文献
9.
Alanen SI Johannala-Kemppainen R Ijäs JJ Kaila M Klockars M Mäkelä M Välimäki MA 《Scandinavian journal of primary health care》2007,25(4):232-236
OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent and style of implementation of the Hypertension Guideline (HT Guideline) in Finnish primary health centres, and to identify a scale of contrasting implementation styles in the health centres (with the two ends of the scale being referred to as information implementers or disseminators respectively). DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. Development of a questionnaire and criteria for assessing the extent and style of implementation of the HT Guideline. SETTING: Primary healthcare. SUBJECTS: All head physicians and senior nursing officers in Finnish health centres (n =290). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The extent of adoption of the HT Guideline in health centres and the characteristics associated with the implementation style. RESULTS: Responses were received from 410 senior medical staff (246 senior nursing officers and 164 head physicians) representing altogether 264 health centres (91%) in Finland. The HT Guideline had been introduced into clinical practice in most health centres (89%). The style of implementation varied widely between health centres: at opposite ends of the implementation scale were 21 implementer health centres, which used multiple implementation channels, and 23 disseminator health centres, which used few or no implementation channels. The implementers had typically larger population bases and had organized services around the family doctor system, while the disseminators were smaller and had organized services according to a traditional model (appointments could be with any doctor in the surgery). CONCLUSION: The Finnish HT Guideline has become well known in most health centres since being introduced into clinical practice. However, the style of implementation varies markedly between health centres. 相似文献
10.
Kaisa Nieminen Juha Immanen Marjukka Laxell Leila Kauppinen Petr Tarkowski Karel Dolezal Sari Thtiharju Annakaisa Elo Mlanie Decourteix Karin Ljung Rishikesh Bhalerao Kaija Keinonen Victor A. Albert Yk Helariutta 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2008,105(50):20032-20037
Although a substantial proportion of plant biomass originates from the activity of vascular cambium, the molecular basis of radial plant growth is still largely unknown. To address whether cytokinins are required for cambial activity, we studied cytokinin signaling across the cambial zones of 2 tree species, poplar (Populus trichocarpa) and birch (Betula pendula). We observed an expression peak for genes encoding cytokinin receptors in the dividing cambial cells. We reduced cytokinin levels endogenously by engineering transgenic poplar trees (P. tremula × tremuloides) to express a cytokinin catabolic gene, Arabidopsis CYTOKININ OXIDASE 2, under the promoter of a birch CYTOKININ RECEPTOR 1 gene. Transgenic trees showed reduced concentration of a biologically active cytokinin, correlating with impaired cytokinin responsiveness. In these trees, both apical and radial growth was compromised. However, radial growth was more affected, as illustrated by a thinner stem diameter than in WT at same height. To dissect radial from apical growth inhibition, we performed a reciprocal grafting experiment. WT scion outgrew the diameter of transgenic stock, implicating cytokinin activity as a direct determinant of radial growth. The reduced radial growth correlated with a reduced number of cambial cell layers. Moreover, expression of a cytokinin primary response gene was dramatically reduced in the thin-stemmed transgenic trees. Thus, a reduced level of cytokinin signaling is the primary basis for the impaired cambial growth observed. Together, our results show that cytokinins are major hormonal regulators required for cambial development. 相似文献