病毒性肝炎的基因治疗及其伦理问题

病毒性肝炎迄今仍无特异有效的治疗药物和方法.而近年发展起来的基因治疗可能将是一种有效的治疗方法,并在体外和实验动物中取得了相当的成功,但若应用于人体还需解决很多问题尤其是伦理学问题.     

射频导管消融房室结改良术心电监测分析

为探讨射频导管消心室改良术所致心律失常的发生规律，分析射频导管消融房室结改良术２２例术中及术后２４ｈ的心电监测资料，并与预激旁道消融术２２例进行对比研究。     

弹性应变率比值法与声触诊组织量化技术联合诊断乳腺肿块的价值

目的：探讨弹性应变率比值法与声触诊组织量化技术(virtual touch tissue quantification,VTQ) 对乳腺肿瘤临床诊断准确性的价值。方法：选取大庆油田总医院乳腺外科接受手术治疗的60例女性乳腺肿瘤患者,患者知情同意后,对其依次进行常规超声检查、压迫式弹性成像(compression elastography,CE)检查、VTQ检查,CE检查取得应变率(strain ratio,SR)比值,VTQ测量剪切波的传播速度(shear wave velocity,SWV)值。并采受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价不同检查方法对乳腺肿瘤良恶性病变的诊断价值。结果：良性肿块的最大直径、SWV值均低于恶性肿块,良性肿块的SR比值高于恶性肿块,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。ROC曲线显示弹性应变率比值法与VTQ技术单用或联用的AUC、敏感性、特异性(分别为0.904,97.5%,69.2%;0.946,87.5%,87.2%;0.976,90%,97.4%)均高于常规超声(0.783,85%,61.5%);VTQ技术的AUC、特异性(0.946,87.2%)均高于弹性应变率比值法 (0.904,69.2%),但其敏感性(87.5%)低于后者(97.5%);弹性应变率比值法与VTQ技术联用的AUC和特异性均高于两者单用,但其敏感性较弹性应变率比值法低。结论：弹性应变率比值法与VTQ技术联用的诊断价值优于二者 单用。     

第一届亚太急危重症学术大会纪要

“第一届亚太急危重症学术大会（APCEC）”于2005年9月9日-9月11日在北京召开。此次大会由亚太急危重症学术联盟、全军急救医学々业委员会、北京医学会急诊医学专业委员会联合主办，中国全科医学杂志社承办。会议共收到论文221篇，参会代表500多人。来自国内、美国、新加坡的急危重病医学领域的专家作了精彩发言。中华医学会急诊分会前主任委员邵孝镇教授、王一镗教授及景炳文教授、蒋健教授、周玉淑教授、戴行锷教授等急诊医学前辈出席了会议。     

肝癌及癌旁组织中p16的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨抑癌基因p16在肝癌及癌旁中的表达及意义。方法 应用免疫组化方法对50例肝细胞癌（HCC）及癌旁肝硬化组织（44例）手术切除石蜡包埋标本进行p16基因蛋白表达的测定，结合临床病理指标（Child分级、肿瘤大小、Edmondson分级、转移及生存期）进行分析。结果 p16基因在HCC中的阳性表达48％（24／50），癌旁91％（40／44）。p16基因表达与HCC的分化程度密切相关（p=0.014），在分化Ⅰ-Ⅱ级中P16阳性率59％（19／32）明显高于Ⅲ-Ⅳ级的27.8%（5／18）。结论 p16基因在HCC的发生及分化中起重要的调控作用，且P16的失活可能发生在HCC的早期。     

Intra-biliary contrast-enhanced ultrasound for evaluating biliary obstruction during percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: A preliminary study

Objectives

The aimed of this study was to investigate the value of intra-biliary contrast-enhanced ultrasound (IB-CEUS) for evaluating biliary obstruction during percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD).

Materials and methods

80 patients with obstructive jaundice who underwent IB-CEUS during PTBD were enrolled. The diluted ultrasound contrast agent was injected via the drainage catheter to perform IB-CEUS. Both conventional ultrasound and IB-CEUS were used to detect the tips of the drainage catheters and to compare the detection rates of the tips. The obstructive level and degree of biliary tract were evaluated by IB-CEUS. Fluoroscopic cholangiography (FC) and computer tomography cholangiography (CTC) were taken as standard reference for comparison.

Results

Conventional ultrasound displayed only 43 tips (43/80, 53.8%) of the drainage catheters within the bile ducts while IB-CEUS identified all 80 tips (80/80, 100%) of the drainage catheters including 4 of them out of the bile duct (P < 0.001). IB-CEUS made correct diagnosis in 44 patients with intrahepatic and 36 patients with extrahepatic biliary obstructions. IB-CEUS accurately demonstrated complete obstruction in 56 patients and incomplete obstruction in 21 patients. There were 3 patients with incomplete obstruction misdiagnosed to be complete obstruction by IB-CEUS. The diagnostic accuracy of biliary obstruction degree was 96.3% (77/80).

Conclusion

IB-CEUS could improve the visualization of the drainage catheters and evaluate the biliary obstructive level and degree during PTBD. IB-CEUS may be the potential substitute to FC in the PTBD procedure.     

Association of Serum Pentosidine With Arterial Stiffness in Hemodialysis Patients

Pentosidine is an advanced glycation end product (AGE). The present study was undertaken to investigate the association of serum pentosidine with carotid distensibility as a measure of arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients. One hundred and three patients on maintenance hemodialysis were recruited. The distensibility coefficient of the common carotid artery was evaluated by an ultrasonic phase‐locked echo‐tracking system. Serum pentosidine was measured by competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Serum albumin, lipid profile, calcium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) levels were also measured. Correlation was determined by linear and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Serum pentosidine level studied in hemodialysis patients was 0.54 ± 0.13 µg/mL. No significant difference in serum pentosidine level was noted between patients with and without diabetes (0.59 ± 0.10 µg/mL vs. 0.53 ± 0.13 µg/mL, P = 0.062) as well as between patients with and without prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) history (0.56 ± 0.14 µg/mL vs. 0.53 ± 0.12 µg/mL, P = 0.206). In multivariate regression analysis, only age (β = 0.363, P < 0.001) and ox‐LDL (β = 0.262, P = 0.004) were identified as independent determinants for serum pentosidine. Serum pentosidine was significantly correlated with carotid distensibility (r = ?0.387, P < 0.001), as well as age, ox‐LDL, and hs‐CRP. After adjustment for age, blood pressure, history of diabetes, prior CVD history, lipid profile, calcium, phosphorus, iPTH, hs‐CRP, and ox‐LDL, serum pentosidine was still negatively correlated with distensibility (β = ?0.175, P = 0.044). Serum pentosidine was independently associated with carotid distensibility in hemodialysis patients. This finding suggested that the accumulation of AGE might be an important pathway in the development of arterial stiffness in end‐stage renal disease.     

人STIM1基因真核表达载体的构建及其在肝细胞中的表达

目的: 构建人STIM1基因真核表达载体, 并观察其在人肝细胞株(HL-7702)中的表达.方法: 提取HL-7702细胞总RNA, RT-PCR扩增,经纯化回收后将片段克隆至pGM-T载体, 酶切琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析鉴定并测序, 最后用重组质粒转染HL-7702细胞, 通过PCR-电泳和Western blot法检测STIM1基因的表达.结果: PCR扩增的片段长度为342 bp, 测序结果以及重组质粒pGM-T-STIM1的酶切琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定结果均证明STIM1基因成功克隆到真核表达载体中. PCR-电泳和Westernb l o t实验结果分别显示转染重组质粒后的HL-7702细胞在基因与蛋白水平表达STIM1均有所增强.结论: 成功构建了人STIM1基因的真核表达载体pGM-T-STIM1, 并在人肝细胞株HL-7702中稳定表达, 为研究STIM1蛋白在人肝细胞内Ca2+浓度调控方面及其对人肝细胞分泌功能的影响奠定了良好的实验基础.     

Parenting stress in Chinese mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders

Objective

Elevated parenting stress has been observed among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in western countries, but little is known about mothers of Han Chinese children. The aim of the current study was to further the knowledge about stress experienced by Chinese mothers of children with ASD by examining maternal parenting stress in Heilongjiang province of China.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, data about participants’ demographic characteristics, parenting stress, anxiety, depression, child’s behavioral problems, coping strategies, and social support were collected though a questionnaire survey. The participants included 150 families with ASD children, who were consecutively admitted to the clinics of the Children Development and Behavior Research Center in Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Disabled Persons Federation, and Mudanjiang Child Welfare Home.

Results

The participants reported elevated parenting stress. Mothers’ parenting stress was associated with levels of depression and anxiety, and child’s behavioral symptoms. Child’s behavioral symptoms, maternal anxiety, maternal depressive symptoms, and lack of governmental financial support were associated with overall parenting stress.

Conclusions

Government support may play an important role in reducing parenting stress in this population.