白芍总甙对豚鼠结肠平滑肌作用机制的研究

目的 :探讨白芍总甙 (TGP)对离体豚鼠结肠平滑肌的作用方式及对结肠平滑肌中 P物质 (SP)和血管活性肠肽 (VIP)释放的影响。方法 :观察不同剂量 TGP及工具药对离体结肠肌收缩活性的效应及利用 SABC法检测结肠平滑肌中 SP和血管 VIP的变化。结果 :TGP使豚鼠结肠离体平滑肌收缩积分和时间显著性增加 ,且收缩效应的改变具有剂量依赖性。平滑肌中 SP的反应显著性增强。结论 :TGP可通过延长结肠收缩时间 ,增强结肠收缩幅度而调节结肠运动 ,SP是 TGP作用的递质之一。     

Non-depleting anti-CD4 antibody not only prevents onset but resolves sialadenitis in NOD mice

The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops lymphocytic infiltrates in the salivary glands (sialadenitis) and provides an useful rodent model of human Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Non-depleting anti-CD4 antibodies have been shown to ameliorate Type 1 diabetes in NOD mice and also vasculitis in MRL/lpr mice. This study shows that a short course of treatment with the non-depleting anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, YTS 177, completely prevents salivary infiltration and reverses ongoing pathology in the salivary gland.     

Effect of oral diacerein (DAR) in an experimental hip chondrolysis model.

We aimed to reproduce the articular cartilage structural changes in a joint exposed to a metallic implant as in the adolescent pinned hip with persistent joint penetration and secondly, to test the effect of an interleukin inhibitor, diacerein (DAR) in the ensuing articular cartilage lesion. Twenty immature beagles were submitted to a surgical K-wire implantation in the hip with the material left in the joint space for 6 months. Twelve animals were sacrificed for histological and biochemical tests. Eight animals were sacrificed at 10 months (half of them treated with DAR) and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and biochemistry of the articular cartilage. Preoperative and monthly C3 and C4 complement and immunoglobulins serum levels were determined. The histological and the electrophoretic profile changes were significative at 6 months. At 10 months the migration profile (CaCl2) recovered to normal levels in the operated hip and the SEM scores for the acetabulum were similar to the non operated control hip after treatment. The serum level of IgA was elevated at the 4th and 6th month postoperatively. The persistence of a metallic implant resulted in degenerative changes parallel to that described for hip chondrolysis as a complication of in-situ pinning; and the cartilage lesion improved with DAR treatment.     

Die jahreszeitliche Schwankung des Vitamin C-Gehaltes in der Muttermilch

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 1 Textabbildung.     

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACh-R) agonist-induced changes in brain monoamine turnover in mice

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACh-R) agonists such as (−)-nicotine and related compounds on brain monoamine turnover. A single administration of (−)-nicotine (0.04, 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg SC) increased both noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) turnover in a dose-dependent manner, and the maximum effects were achieved 30 min after treatment with (−)-nicotine (1.0 mg/kg). The effect of (−)-nicotine on serotonin (5-HT) turnover was complicated; 5-HT turnover was increased at a low dose of (−)-nicotine (0.04 mg/kg) but decreased at a high dose (1.0 mg/kg). The (−)-nicotine (1.0 mg/kg)-induced changes in monoamine turnover were blocked by pretreatment with the centrally acting nACh-R channel blocker mecamylamine (2.0 mg/kg IP) but not by hexamethonium (2.0 mg/kg IP). These findings indicate that systemically administered (−)-nicotine can enhance brain NA and DA turnover and affect 5-HT turnover, both of which are mediated by central nACh-R. The changes in the monoamine turnover induced by (±)-anabasine were similar to those induced by (−)-nicotine, while (−)-lobeline and (−)-cytisine had little effect, and 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazinium (DMPP) increased NA and 5-HT turnover but not DA turnover at all doses tested. (S)-3-Methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (ABT-418), a selective neuronal nACh-R agonist, increased NA, DA and 5-HT turnover, but had a weaker effect on DA turnover than NA and 5-HT turnover. In addition, 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (THA), an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor, also increased monoamine turnover in the brain. Pretreatment with mecamylamine completely blocked the THA-induced increase in NA and 5-HT turnover, but not in DA turnover, suggesting that the nACh-R system is involved in the THA-induced increase in brain NA and 5-HT turnover. On the other hand, (−)-cytisine, a partial agonist for the β2 subunit containing nACh-R, completely inhibited the nACh-R agonist-and THA-induced increases in NA turnover, but not in DA turnover, and normalized the changes in 5-HT turnover. In conclusion, the subtypes of nACh-Rs mediating DA turnover may be different from those mediating NA and 5-HT turnover in the CNS. Received: 3 April 1996 /Final version: 18 June 1996     

IFCC primary reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37 degrees C.

This paper is the eighth in a series dealing with reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37 degrees C and the certification of reference preparations. Other parts deal with: Part 1. The concept of reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes; Part 2. Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of creatine kinase; Part 3. Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of lactate dehydrogenase; Part 4. Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of alanine aminotransferase Part 5. Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of aspartate aminotransferase Part 6. Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of gamma-glutamyltransferase; Part 7. Certification of four reference materials for the determination of enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase at 37 degrees C. The procedure described here is deduced from the previously described 30 degrees C IFCC reference method. Differences are tabulated and commented on.