全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2009篇 |
免费 | 102篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 10篇 |
儿科学 | 28篇 |
妇产科学 | 6篇 |
基础医学 | 224篇 |
口腔科学 | 44篇 |
临床医学 | 106篇 |
内科学 | 557篇 |
皮肤病学 | 94篇 |
神经病学 | 111篇 |
特种医学 | 66篇 |
外科学 | 368篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
预防医学 | 45篇 |
眼科学 | 10篇 |
药学 | 132篇 |
中国医学 | 6篇 |
肿瘤学 | 309篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 31篇 |
2018年 | 30篇 |
2017年 | 32篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 44篇 |
2014年 | 56篇 |
2013年 | 66篇 |
2012年 | 95篇 |
2011年 | 142篇 |
2010年 | 76篇 |
2009年 | 62篇 |
2008年 | 100篇 |
2007年 | 99篇 |
2006年 | 145篇 |
2005年 | 134篇 |
2004年 | 136篇 |
2003年 | 133篇 |
2002年 | 131篇 |
2001年 | 31篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 31篇 |
1998年 | 38篇 |
1997年 | 28篇 |
1996年 | 31篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 32篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 21篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有2124条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Keishi Kashibuchi Kyoichi Tomita Jack A Schalken Haruki Kume Takumi Takeuchi Tadaichi Kitamura 《International journal of urology》2007,14(9):789-794
OBJECTIVES: To determine the value of the loss of expression of E-cadherin and cadherin associated molecules as useful markers for both prognosis and chemosensitivity in bladder cancer patients who have undergone radical cystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 55 paraffin embedded specimens of radical cystectomy at our hospital from 1982 to 2000, the expression of E-cadherin, alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin was examined by immunohistochemical staining. To evaluate the prognostic significance of these molecules, Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed and a statistical analysis was calculated by a log-rank test. A multivariate test (tumor stage, tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, configuration, the expression of E-cadherin, alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin) was performed to detect prognostic markers. RESULTS: Normal expression was found in 33 cases (60.0%) for E-cadherin, 29 (52.7%) for alpha-catenin, 31 cases (56.4%) for beta-catenin, and 31 cases (56.4%) for gamma-catenin. The expression patterns for E-cadherin, alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin were significantly correlated with each other (P < 0.01). Survival analysis showed a significant difference between normal and aberrant expression in each staining. A multivariate analysis revealed that the expression of alpha- catenin was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.0191). In 23 patients that received adjuvant chemotherapy, there was a significant difference in survival between the normal and aberrant expression of alpha-catenin, but not other molecules. CONCLUSION: Alpha-catenin may not only be a good prognostic marker, but also one of key molecules that determine the chemosensitivities in patients with invasive bladder cancer. 相似文献
2.
3.
ASTROCYTE-CONDITIONED MEDIUM INDUCES BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER PROPERTIES IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
4.
Toshihiko Imakiire Yuichi Kikuchi Muneharu Yamada Taketoshi Kushiyama Keishi Higashi Naomi Hyodo Kojiro Yamamoto Takashi Oda Shigenobu Suzuki Soichiro Miura 《Hypertension research》2007,30(7):635-642
The mechanisms of hypertensive nephrosclerosis are not fully understood. In experimental models of the disease, inflammatory reactions such as macrophage infiltration play an important role. In human hypertensive nephrosclerosis, however, there have been few studies examining the role of inflammation histologically. We investigated whether the number of infiltrating macrophages was increased in human hypertensive nephrosclerosis, and evaluated the effects of a blockade of the renin-angiotensin system on clinical and histological findings. We examined macrophage infiltration using immunohistochemistry in renal biopsy specimens obtained from 16 patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis, 5 patients with IgA nephropathy, 5 patients with membranous nephropathy, and 5 patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. The number of infiltrating macrophages in glomeruli was significantly larger in the patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis than in those with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. The patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis were divided into groups based on their use of antihypertensive agents at the time of renal biopsy. We investigated the effects of antihypertensive agents on clinical findings, macrophage infiltration, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression. There was no difference in clinical findings between the hypertensive groups. The numbers of infiltrating macrophages and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-positive cells in glomeruli were significantly smaller in patients treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, whereas calcium channel blockers had no influence on histological findings. In conclusion, inflammation is involved in the progression of human hypertensive nephrosclerosis and the inflammatory process is inhibited by blocking the renin-angiotensin system. 相似文献
5.
Masujiro Makita MD Futoshi Akiyama MD Naoya Gomi MD Takuji Iwase MD Fujio Kasumi MD Goi Sakamoto MD 《The breast journal》2006,12(S2):S210-S217
Abstract: To improve the utility of mammary ductoscopy, we investigated the correlation between endoscopic findings and histologic findings using intraductal biopsy specimens. Seventy-one intraductal biopsy specimens obtained from 63 patients between October 2001 and March 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. All specimens were obtained from monotonous intraductal lesions immediately after observation by mammary ductoscopy and were composed of a pure histologic subtype. With regard to endoscopic findings, color was classified as yellow, red, white, or colorless, and morphology was classified as spherical, lobular, mulberry, or amorphous. The histologic subtype was classified as papillotubular, papillary, degenerated, papillary cancer, solid-type ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), or cribriform cancer. The relationship between histologic diagnosis, color, and morphology was investigated. Intraductal biopsy specimens included 25 specimens of carcinoma and 46 specimens of papilloma. There was no significant correlation between color and diagnosis. Fourteen of 25 carcinoma specimens were amorphous, and amorphous morphology was significantly suggestive of malignancy (p < 0.001). Further, cribriform cancer was associated with amorphous morphology and yellow color. Morphology may be a useful endoscopically delineated parameter for differentiating intraductal lesions. 相似文献
6.
Kiyoshi Hashizume Kazuo Ichikawa Satoru Suzuki Teiji Takeda Keishi Yamauchi Mutsuhiro Kobayashi Xiao-Yun MA 《Journal of bone and mineral metabolism》1992,10(2):39-49
Calorie restriction is important in managing patients with maturity onset diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The effect of such restriction
on calcium metabolism is not known. The objective of this study was to determine whether patients on calorie restricted diets
would show any modification of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CTN).
The serum levels of PTH and CTN were measured by radioimmunoassays in 269 patients with NIDDM. The patients were divided into
two groups depending on the intake of calorie, and PTH and CTN were monitored for 2 years. Plasma levels of vitamin D were
measured by competitive protein binding assays before and after each program.
The level of PTH (520.8±266.0 pg/ml) (mean±S.D.) was significantly (P<0.01) higher in 109 diabetic patients whose calorie intake was restricted for 2 years (diet (D) group) as compared with that
(256.6±103.8 pg/ml) of 160 diabetic patients whose calorie intake was not restricted (non-diet (ND) group). The daily oral
calcium intake of the two groups did not differ significantly. We found no significant difference in the serum PTH level in
the ND groupVS. normal control subjects (248.8±98.4, N=78). The serum calcium concentration and the amount of calcium excreted in urine
were slightly but significantly (P<0.01) lower in the D than in the ND group. The rate of tubular reabsorption of phosphate (% TRP) was significantly lower
in the D group than that in the ND group (P<0.01). The serum CTN level was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the D group (33.9±11.3 pg/ml) than in the ND group (64.9±21.2 pg/ml) 2 years after each treatment. The plasma
1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D level was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the D group (22.2±6.6 pg/ml) than in the ND group (50.6±4.2 pg/ml). When
the restriction of calorie intake in the D group was canceled, their PTH levels decreased, which was accompanied by increase
in the 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D levels, whereas their CTN levels were unchanged.
These observations suggested that a restricted calorie intake is a risk factor for secondary hyperparathyroidism as well as
for a low serum level of CTN in patients with NIDDM. 相似文献
7.
8.
Yoshinori Uji Arthur Karmen Hiroaki Okabe Keishi Hata Masakazu Miura Kazuyuki Ozaki Mitsuo Minamizaki Tetsushi Shibata Seiichi Inayama 《Journal of clinical laboratory analysis》1994,8(5):267-272
An automated measurement of total and free hydroxyproline in serum or urine is presented that uses flow injection analysis. After exclusion of nonspecific substances, hydroxyproline was oxidized by chloramine- T and L-cysteine with Ehrlich's reagent. The linearity obtained was from 3.8μmole/ L to 1.22 mmole/L with good precision (CV <3%). Comparison of the proposed method with HPLC yielded r = 0.939 as the correlation coefficient. Reference intervals of free and total hydroxyproline are 1.4–9.7 μmole/L, 3.8–27.2 μmole/L for serum, and 10.0–72.5 μmole/L, 25.2–303.6 μmole/L for urine, respectively. Serum free and total hydroxyproline levels in renal osteodystrophy patients on maintenance hemodialysis (N = 71) were significantly higher than in controls (P<0.0001). This method is superior to the use of HPLC with regard to stability of the color reaction. The measurement of serum free and total hydroxyproline is a useful marker for therapeutic observation of renal osteodystrophy patients. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
9.
10.
Masaki Q. Fujita Toshiyuki Yasui Bunzo Sato Naomi Uchida Kiyohisa Uchida Osamu Shiratori Kenichi Takeda Keishi Matsumoto 《Cancer science》1992,83(9):995-1001
Shionogi carcinoma 115 (SC115), an androgen-dependent mouse mammary tumor, rapidly loses its androgen responsiveness after androgen withdrawal. The growth of this tumor can also be stimulated by high doses of estrogen or glucocorticoid. In the present study, the maintenance of hormone-responsive growth of SC115 tumors with a high dose of estrogen was examined in castrated male mice using an SCI 15 subline obtained by serial transplantations of SCI 15 tumors in estrogen-treated castrated mice for 3 years (30 generations) (subline E2 ). Seed tumors from both SC115 and subline E2 could rapidly grow in castrated mice given daily injections of testosterone propionate (TP), 17β-estradiol (E2 ), or dexamethasone (Dex) (100 μg/mouse/day) but not in those given vehicle alone. Although SCI 15 and subline-E2 tumors grown with TP or Dex showed temporary regression after steroid withdrawal, the tumors grown with E2 did not show such temporary regression. The TP-, E2 -, or Dex-induced growth of subline-E2 tumors was almost the same as that of the original SCI 15 tumors. However, responsiveness to androgen, estrogen or glucocorticoid of both tumors disappeared within one passage in steroid-depleted castrated mice. The present findings demonstrate that the loss of responsiveness to androgen as well as to high doses of estrogen or glucocorticoid of SCI 15 tumors can be prevented in castrated mice not only with androgen but also with high doses of estrogen. 相似文献