物理治疗翻转课堂教学应用效果的系统综述

目的 系统评价翻转课堂教学模式在物理治疗学教学中的应用效果。方法 计算机检索CENTRAL、MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL Plus、Academic Search Premier、Teacher Reference Center、ERIC以及Education Research,纳入翻转课堂教学模式应用于物理治疗学教学的原始研究。检索时限为建库至2021年6月。由2名研究人员独立完成文献筛选、数据提取、质量评价,对翻转课堂教学模式对比传统教学模式在物理治疗学教学中的效果进行综述。结果与结论 共检索文献1 307篇,最终纳入7篇,包括至少770名学生。发表时间集中在2013年至2019年,研究对象为物理治疗学专业学生,主要结局指标为考试成绩。翻转课堂教学模式总体说来可提高学生的笔试成绩,增强高阶思维能力,得到了学生和教师的积极评价。     

伏立康唑一级预防急性白血病患者化疗期间并发真菌感染的临床疗效北大核心

目的:探讨初诊急性白血病患者化疗期间应用伏立康唑进行预防侵袭性真菌病(IFD)的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2016年02月至2018年03月期间我院血液科收治的初诊急性白血病行化疗的患者166例,按照是否使用抗真菌药进行预防性治疗分为观察组(应用伏立康唑进行预防治疗,n=103)和对照组(未应用抗真菌药物,n=63),比较两组患者IFD发生率差异,并分析抗真菌药物应用的不良反应。结果:观察组IFD发生率为10.7%,对照组为33.3%,两组患者的IFD发生率有明显差异(P<0.05);所有应用伏立康唑进行预防治疗的患者均未出现严重的不良反应。结论:伏立康唑可以有效减低急性白血病患者化疗期间IFD发生率,并且有着较好的安全性,值得在临床推广应用。     

Role of surgical treatments in high-grade or advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Over the last 40 years, the incidence and prevalence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) have continued to increase. Compared to other epithelial neoplasms in the same organ, GEP-NENs exhibit indolent biological behavior, resulting in more chances to undergo surgery. However, the role of surgery in high-grade or advanced GEP-NENs is still controversial. Surgery is associated with survival improvement of well-differentiated high-grade GEP-NENs, whereas poorly differentiated GEP-NENs that may benefit from resection require careful selection based on Ki67 and other tissue biomarkers. Additionally, surgery also plays an important role in locally advanced and metastatic disease. For locally advanced GEP-NENs, isolated major vascular involvement is no longer an absolute contraindication. In the setting of metastatic GEP-NENs, radical intended surgery is recommended for patients with low-grade and resectable metastases. For unresectable metastatic disease, a variety of surgical approaches, including cytoreduction of liver metastasis, liver transplantation, and surgery after neoadjuvant treatment, show survival benefits. Primary tumor resection in GEP-NENs with unresectable metastatic disease is associated with symptom control, prolonged survival, and improved sensitivity toward systemic therapies. Although there is no established neoadjuvant or adjuvant strategy, increasing attention has been given to this emerging research area. Some studies have reported that neoadjuvant therapy effectively reduces tumor burden, improves the effectiveness of subsequent surgery, and decreases surgical complications.     

Confounded association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of biliary tract cancer: Result from three cohorts

Recent epidemiological studies suggested that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC), however, confounders were not adequately controlled. Our study aimed to evaluate PPI use and subsequent risk of BTC and its subtypes in three well-established cohorts. We conducted a pooled analysis of the subjects free of cancers in UK Biobank (n = 463 643), Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 80 235) and NHS II (n = 95 869). Propensity score weighted Cox models were used to estimate marginal HRs of PPIs use on BTC risk, accounting for potential confounders. We documented 284 BTC cases in UK Biobank (median follow-up: 7.6 years), and 91 cases in NHS and NHS II cohorts (median follow-up: 15.8 years). In UK biobank, PPI users had a 96% higher risk of BTC compared to nonusers in crude model (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.44-2.66), but the effect was attenuated to null after adjusting for potential confounders (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.60-1.49). PPI use was not associated with risk of BTC in the pooled analysis of three cohorts (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.60-1.43). We also observed no associations between PPI use with risk of intrahepatic (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.49-2.04), extrahepatic bile duct (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.52-2.27) and gallbladder cancers (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.26-1.66) in UK Biobank. In summary, regular use of PPIs was not associated with the risk of BTC and its subtypes.     

Process of forgiveness in the recovery of Chinese women survivors of intimate partner violence: Empowerment,transformation, and integration

Forgiveness has been found one substantial element in the recovery for women survivors from intimate partner violence following the termination of the abusive relationship. To further investigate the details of forgiveness in this specific context, the present study explored the process of forgiveness using grounded theory. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 Chinese women survivors of IPV. The findings suggest that forgiveness is a strength-based process including empowerment, transformation, and integration phases. In the empowerment phase, survivors obtain strength at the intrapersonal, behavioural, and interpersonal levels. In the transformation phase, survivors complete cognitive transformation for their IPV experiences and emotional transformation towards former partners. In the integration phase, survivors—now freed from the past—reflect upon and apply the changes they have undergone. Two trajectories in the process were found. One trajectory is going through stages sequentially and the other trajectory is experiencing back and forth between empowerment and transformation stages before moving into the integration stage. The study's findings broaden our knowledge of the strength-based forgiveness process that women survivors of IPV undergo during recovery. Practitioners and policymakers could develop programmes and policies that support forgiveness by holistically facilitating their recovery and empowerment like assistance in dealing with life difficulties and promoting their reconnection with social networks. To improve the transferability and validity of the findings, the forgiveness of survivors of IPV could be explored in a diverse sample (e.g., survivors with low educational background or live in the rural area).     

多元化联合教学模式在超声引导下疼痛介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨多元化联合教学模式在超声引导下疼痛介入治疗教学中的应用效果。方法选择2018年1月至2020年12月在北京大学第三医院疼痛科进修的30名医师作为研究对象,将其分为对照组与观察组;对照组采用常规教学模式;观察组采用多元化联合教学模式,比较两组医师技能考核成绩、教学质量评分和满意度评分。结果观察组医师技能考核成绩优良率为93.3%,高于对照组的73.3%(P<0.05);观察组医师对基础理论知识掌握、临床思维能力的提高、学习兴趣的激发、疾病诊治能力的提高4个方面的评分均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论多元化联合教学模式可促进超声引导下疼痛介入治疗技能的提高,有利于提高学员的综合临床能力。     

中西医结合治疗对单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎患者视力恢复及血清微量元素的影响

目的:探讨中西医结合治疗对单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎(HSK)患者视力恢复及血清微量元素的影响。方法:选取2015年1月至2016年10月内蒙古包钢医院收治的HSK患者86例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组43例。对照组采用更昔洛韦滴眼液及硫酸软骨素滴眼液治疗,观察组在对照组基础上结合清肝明目汤进行治疗,2组均连续治疗4周。比较2组患者临床疗效;比较治疗前后2组患者视力恢复状况、血清微量元素及泪液免疫因子水平。结果:治疗后,观察组治疗有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者视觉模拟评分及视力均显著高于治疗前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组铁离子、钙离子及铜离子水平低于治疗前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);血清锌离子水平明显高于治疗前与对照组(P0.05),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者泪液IgA、IgG及C3水平明显高于治疗前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗HSK有效促进患者视力的恢复,调节血清微量元素的同时增强患者泪液免疫因子水平,疗效显著优于单用西药治疗。     

VAC结合游离植皮治疗儿童大面积皮肤缺损疗效观察及对患儿生活质量的影响

目的:探讨负压创面治疗技术(Vacuum assisted closure,VAC)结合游离植皮治疗儿童大面积皮肤缺损疗效及对患儿生活质量的影响。方法:选取2015年2月-2019年2月笔者医院收治的60例大面积皮肤缺损患儿作为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为干预组和对照组,每组30例。对照组采用游离植皮术治疗,干预组在对照组的基础上结合VAC治疗,以皮片成活时间、皮片成活率、换药次数及住院天数评估疗效,以长海痛尺分级法评估患儿疼痛等级,以抑郁自评量表(Self-rating depression scale,SDS)、焦虑自评量表(Self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)评估患儿心理状态,以术后不良反应发生率评估患儿预后情况,以自制生活质量表评估患儿生活质量水平。结果:干预组患儿皮片成活时间、换药次数与住院天数均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组患儿皮片成活率为93.33%高于对照组的76.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组治疗后疼痛感、SDS与SAS评分低于治疗前,且低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组患儿术后不良反应发生率为6.67%显著低于对照组23.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗前活动能力、心理健康及社交能力均低于治疗后,干预组治疗后活动能力、心理健康及社交能力均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:VAC结合游离植皮治疗儿童大面积皮肤缺损疗效显著,能有效降低患儿生理疼痛与心理焦虑,减少伤口感染等不良反应的发生,提高患儿生活质量,具有推广价值。