Receptor autoradiographical evidence for high densities of 125l-neuropeptide Y binding sites in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the normal male rat

By means of quantitative receptor autoradiography using ¹²⁵I-neuropeptide Y (¹²⁵I-NPY) as a radioligand, the distribution of ¹²⁵I-NPY binding sites has been evaluated in coronal sections at various rostrocaudal levels of the medulla oblongata of the male rat. High densities of neuropeptide Y (NPY) binding sites were demonstrated in the nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS), in the nucleus paratrigeminalis, in the area postrema, in the medial nuclei of the inferior olive and in the substantia gelatinosa of the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Low densities were present in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (dmnX) and in the hypoglossal nucleus. Other regions of the medulla oblongata showed only a very low density or no specific binding of ¹²⁵I-NPY. These results indicate that the central cardiovascular actions of NPY at least in part may be mediated via an action in the nTS, in this way controlling the baroreceptor reflex activity. Neuropeptide Y mechanisms may also play a role in the regulation of other visceral afferents such as those involved in gastrointestinal control (dmnX) and of cerebellar function (inferior olive). Finally, the results indicate that a high density of NPY immunoreactive terminals in some regions of the medulla oblongata is associated with a low density of high affinity ¹²⁵I-neuropeptide Y binding sites and vice versa.     

东亚地区癌症负担和预防策略

目的：探讨东亚地区当前的癌症负担、危险因素、预防和控制策略。方法：应用全球癌症数据库和5大洲癌症发病资料，利用发病率、死亡率和患病率指标估计东亚地区的癌症负担，分析主要癌症的预防策略。结果：东亚地区癌症的年新发病例数为280万，死亡病例200多万，现患病例490万。最常见的5种癌症是胃癌、肺癌、肝癌、食管癌和结直肠癌，占东亚地区癌症年新发病例数的68％（分别占癌症年新发病例数的18．7％、16．9％、14．2％、9．4％和9．1％）。预计2050年的癌症新发病例数将达600万，死亡病例450万。结论：癌症是目前和今后东亚地区面临的严重公共卫生问题，必须贯彻以预防为主的方针。