内窥镜除皱术的临床应用

自１９９４年４月采用内窥镜已行额、面部除皱术２２例，取得了较好的临床效果。介绍了应用内窥镜除皱术的操作方法、适应证选择的经验体会。认为在选择好适应证的前提下，是一种简洁的除皱方法。     

雷米普利降低高血压患者心房颤动发生率以及改善左心房内径临床观察

目的观察血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)雷米普利降低高血压患者心房颤动(AF)发生率及对左心房内径的影响。方法将180例原发性高血压患者分为治疗组(90例)和对照组(90例)。治疗组给予雷米普利(2.5～15)mg/d口服,连服50个月。对照组苯磺碳氨氯地平(2.5～10)mg/d口服,连服50个月。结果治疗50个月后治疗组AF发生率3.4%,对照组AF发生率为8.05%;治疗组左心房内径缩小(2.0±1.5)mm,对照组左心房内径缩小(0.0±1.6)mm。2组相比P<0.05,有统计学意义。结论雷米普利可降低高血压患者AF的发生率并缩小左心房内径。     

基于CiteSpace的近5年国内外男性骨质疏松症研究热点可视化分析

目的 对比近5年男性骨质疏松症国内外研究现状、热点。方法 以中国知网（CNKI）、Web of Science（WOS）核心合集数据库为数据来源,利用CtieSpace,v.5.6.R1对近5年男性骨质疏松症文献进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入中文文献552篇、英文文献3632篇,针对男性骨质疏松症领域的研究主要国家为美国、英国、法国、澳大利亚,主要期刊为Journal of Bone and Mineral Research、Osteoporosis International、Bone。与国外相比,国内机构之间、作者之间缺乏合作。国内外男性骨质疏松症的研究在骨质疏松症的病因、危险因素、实验室检查、影像学检查、治疗药物、骨折风险评估等基础上,以药物治疗、疾病筛查、骨折风险评估等方面为研究热点,就骨质疏松症预防与骨折风险评估而言,国内外研究方向大致相同。在药物治疗方面,国外对新型抗骨质疏松药物的研究较国内更深入。结论 在我国未来男性骨质疏松症的相关研究中,多中心、机构、作者之间的合作有助于研究领域的发展,同时也需更进一步开展骨质疏松性骨折评估、预防、新型抗骨质疏松药物等研究。     

新型常规潜艇长航60昼夜对艇员体能耐力及心理工效的影响

目的;探讨新型常规潜艇长航６０昼夜对艇员视力听力,心肺功能、体能耐力和心理工效等的影响。方法：通过临床体检,特殊检查观察长航艇员生理和心理方面的变化。结果：长航艇员视力和听力下降,心率加快,心脏搏出量减少,用力肺活量及最大通气量减少,体能耐力和工作能力下降。结论：潜艇长航对艇员视力听力,心肺功能,体能耐力,工作能力和心理工效均有一定程度的影响。     

股骨头坏死动物模型评价方法的优缺点及展望

背景:股骨头坏死发病机制仍需要进一步研究,因此需要建立一个能够高度模拟人类股骨头坏死的动物模型,而如何正确评价股骨头坏死动物模型,是建立股骨头坏死动物模型的前提条件。目的:归纳总结近几年国内外对股骨头坏死动物模型的评价方法,综述各评价方法的优缺点,并探索新的评价方法,为动物模型的建立提供参考。方法:以“股骨头坏死,动物模型,评价方法”为检索词检索CNKI中国知网、万方、维普数据库,以“osteonecrosis of femoral head,femoral head necrosis,animal model,evaluation methods”为检索词检索PubMed、Web of Science及Medline数据库,检索2010年1月至2020年9月发表关于股骨头坏死动物模型评价方法的文献。结果与结论:①根据纳入标准通过阅读文献进行初步筛选,共获得51篇文章进行综述,其中中文文献33篇,英文文献18篇;②近年来,随着影像技术的发展和新技术的引入,股骨头坏死动物模型评估方法的选择增多,而选择合理的评价方式能减少建立动物模型过程中的工作量,并为后续研究提供参考,因此需要继续完善和改进。     

临床药学本科专业实习教学现况调查

目的:了解临床药学本科专业实习教学实践现况,发现教学实践中可能存在的问题.方法:参考有关标准设计问卷调查表,选取安徽医科大学2015级临床药学本科专业实习生17人和中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)实习带教老师45人进行问卷调查,数据整理录入后进行统计分析.结果:对临床药学本科专业前景带教老师和实习生(以下简称师生)均看好.师生对实习计划安排选择基本一致.师生对目前的实习带教现状的满意度均较高;不同带教年限的带教老师对满意度存在显著差异;带教老师改进教学方法的比例要显著高于实习生.80％以上的师生支持引入新的教学方法,首选CBL教学法,但不同带教岗位的带教老师对新的教学方法的支持程度存在显著差异.师生均认为在校理论学习知识很少能运用到实习实践工作中;带教老师认为最主要的问题是学校教学理论与实践脱节;实习生的沟通技巧和能力不足也是主要问题之一.结论:临床药学本科专业课程设置亟待完善,实习教学方法有待改进.     

Design,synthesis and evaluation of carbamate-containing sialyltransferase inhibitors

A series of carbamate-containing sialyltransferase inhibitors were designed and synthesized to simulate phosphate-linkedCMP-Neu5Ac. Their inhibitory activities were assayed against recombinant human ST3Gal I and ST6Gal I by using the Schmidt’sHPLC-based assay. The synthetic compound 15g showed moderate inhibitory activity. These findings implied that carbamate might serve as a bioisosteric replacement for a phosphate group in sialyltransferase inhibitor design to improve the membrane permeability.     

Growth and Aging of Proximal Femoral Bone: A Study With Women Spanning Three Generations

Osteoporotic hip fracture is a serious clinical event associated with high morbidity and mortality. Understanding femoral growth patterns is important for promoting bone health in the young and preventing fractures in later life. In this study, growth patterns of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and geometric properties of the proximal femur were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. They were studied in 251 girls from premenarche (11.2 ± 0.7 years) to late adolescence (18.3 ± 1.1 years) and compared with their premenopausal mothers (n = 128, aged 44.9 ± 4.1 years) and postmenopausal grandmothers (n = 128, aged 70.0 ± 6.3 years). Hip axis length (HAL) was the first to reach peak growth velocity (?10.5 months before menarche), followed by neck diameter (ND) and neck cross‐sectional area (CSA), (?7.1 and ?4.1 months before menarche, respectively). Both neck‐shaft angle (NSA) and aBMD of neck and total hip peaked at menarche. At 18 years (7‐year follow‐up), girls already had higher femoral neck aBMD but similar HAL and NSA compared with their mothers. Grandmothers had the longest HAL, narrowest NSA, widest ND but lowest aBMD and CSA. Hip strength index (HSI), an index of femoral neck strength during a fall, dropped rapidly after menarche in girls but thereafter remained relatively constant. Grandmothers had lower HSI than either mothers or girls. In conclusion, differences in proximal femoral bone mass and structure in adulthood are largely established before menarche, indicating that heritable factors are responsible for most of the individual variance. The development of geometric properties precedes aBMD in puberty, resulting in relatively constant hip strength after menarche. This asynchronous growth leads to adaptation of bone strength to the imposed loads, avoiding fractures in a biologically efficient manner. Both deterioration of aBMD and inadequate compensatory change in bone geometry after menopause contribute to the increased fracture risk later in life. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

c-Jun is involved in interstitial cystitis antiproliferative factor (APF)-induced growth inhibition of human bladder cancer T24 cells

ObjectiveTo uncover the role of c-Jun, a proto-oncogene, in inhibitory effects of antiproliferative factor (APF) on tumor cell growth.Materials and MethodsExpression of c-Jun was analyzed by Western blotting in 45 clinical specimens (30 tumorous tissues and 15 paired non-tumorous tissues) and 3 bladder cancer cell lines. APF-responsive T24 transitional carcinoma bladder cells were treated with APF or mock control. Cell proliferation was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Change of c-Jun expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The influence of c-Jun on APF treatment was evaluated by transient transfection of c-Jun and MTT assay in T24 cells.Resultsc-Jun was significantly higher in invasive bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. T24 cells treated with APF had decreased c-Jun expression and suppressed cell growth. More importantly, ectopic c-Jun attenuated APF inhibitory effects on cell growth.ConclusionsThese observations suggest that c-Jun is involved in APF-mediated inhibition for bladder tumor cell growth, as potential target of APF in patients with aggressive bladder carcinoma.