头皮冠状切口的并发症及其防治

目的：对采用头皮冠状切口所引发的并发症进行分析，探讨防治策略。方法：对我科2003-01～2006—07应用头皮冠状切口行颅颌面骨折修复重建、颌面部肿瘤切除与缺损修复、先天性颅颌面畸形矫正的221例中发生并发症的40例进行分析总结。结果：18例出现头皮麻木及感觉异常，9例有较宽切口瘢痕，6例出现脱发，4例发生颞窝凹陷，2例发生头皮下血肿，2例出现单侧面神经颞支损伤，1例发生鼻眶区肥厚。结论：头皮冠状切口具有切口隐蔽、面部疤痕不明显，显露充分的优点，但对其并发症也不容忽视。应根据具体情况选择合适的切口类型，术中精细的解剖、神经血管的良好保护以及正确的缝合方法可减少并发症的发生。     

Expression of the Human Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain VH6 Gene Element by Fetal B Lymphocytes

Fetal B lymphocytes in mice and humans use a limited number of the available V_H gene segments. Mouse fetal B cells primarily utilize 3' V_H elements, suggesting that the localization of these elements determines their rearrangement frequency. The previously reported non-random usage of human V_H genes has been more difficult to explain. In this study the authors analysed the expression of the most proximal 3' human V_H element (V_H6) using a monoclonal antibody (JE-6). V_H6 expression was assessed in various B cell differentiation stages from fetal liver, bone marrow and spleen at 12–20 weeks of gestation. The authors demonstrate that the level of V_H6 expression does not exceed a stochastic usage frequency. This suggests that the localization of V_H6 does not significantly promote its expression during human fetal life, and that other factors must affect the usage of V_H genes during human fetal development.     

早期脑室置管行颅内压监护对中型颅脑损伤患者的预后影响

目的　探讨早期脑室置管行颅内压 (ICP)和脑灌注压 (CPP)监护在中型颅脑损伤中的临床应用价值。方法　将 12 5例伤后 2 4h入院无手术指征的中型颅脑损伤 (GCS 9～ 12分 )患者 ,随机分为ICP监护组 :入院后即经恻脑室内穿刺置管行ICP与CPP连续监测 ,根据颅内压变化调整治疗方案 ;对照组 :入院后不做ICP监测 ,依据临床观察的意识及生命体征变化 ,进行治疗。结果　颅内压监护组脱水剂剂量、应用时间均低于对照组 ,疗效优于对照组 ,两组差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　中型颅脑损伤病情极不稳定 ,早期行ICP监护能及早发现病情变化 ,对及时采取有效治疗措施 ,降低死残率 ,改善预后有重要意义。     

Vomiting after ophthalmic surgery

The usefulness of intra-operative antiemetics and postoperative oral fluid restriction in the prevention of vomiting following anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery, was studied in 200 patients. They were allocated into four groups of 50 and given either saline (as control), droperidol, metoclopramide or prochlorperazine. Oral intake was restricted postoperatively in half of the patients of each group. Anaesthesia comprised morphine and atropine premedication and a halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen spontaneous breathing technique. No significant beneficial effects resulted from intra-operative antiemetics; vomiting incidences of 26% after saline and droperidol, 28% after metoclopramide and 14% after prochlorperazine were observed. Younger patients and females vomited most frequently. Restriction of oral fluids did not decrease the incidence of vomiting but demonstrated that approximately half of those patients who vomit do so with their first postoperative oral intake. Vomiting was observed more frequently after non intra-ocular surgery than after intra-ocular surgery (37% cf. 16%, p less than 0.01) and postoperative analgesics were required by more non intra-ocular patients than by intra-ocular patients (25% cf. 5%, p less than 0.001). Squint patients vomited most frequently (48%) and most frequently required postoperative analgesia (35%).     

重组人生长激素在重型颅脑损伤中的应用

目的探讨重组的人生长激素(rhGH)在重型颅脑损伤患者中的应用价值。方法46例重型颅脑损伤患者在肠内、肠外营养支持的基础上分成rhGH组与对照组,rhGH组伤后第7天每日皮下注射思增8IU,共10d。应用后第7、14日检测血清总蛋白、白蛋白、转铁蛋白及前白蛋白。结果rhGH组(n=20)第14天血清总蛋白、白蛋白、转铁蛋白及前白蛋白浓度高于对照组(n=26)(P<0.05)。结论重型颅脑损伤患者应用rhGH能改善机体对营养底物的利用率,促进蛋白合成、减轻重型颅脑损伤后低蛋白血症。     

Frusemide and Its Acyl Glucuronide Show a Short and Long Phase in Elimination Kinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effect in Man

The pharmacokinetics of 80 mg frusemide given orally were investigated in normal subjects using a direct HPLC method for parent drug and its acyl glucuronide conjugate. Two half-lives could be distinguished in the plasma elimination of both frusemide and its conjugate, with values of 1.25 ± 0.75 and 30.4 ± 11.5 h for frusemide and 1.31 ± 0.60 and 33.2 ± 28.0 h for the conjugate. The renal excretion rate-time profile showed two phases; the rapid elimination phase lasted from 0–15 h and the second and slow phase, from 15–96 h. During the first 15 h, 33.3 ± 4.8% of the dosed frusemide was excreted; in the remaining period 15–96 h, 4.6 ± 1.5% was excreted. In the same two periods the excretion of the glucuronide was 13.4 ± 4.7 and 1.9 ± 1.1%, respectively. The mean renal clearance of frusemide was 90.2 ± 16.9 mL min^?1 during the first period and 91.5 ± 29.3 mL min^?1 in the remaining period, during which the stimulation of urine production was absent. The renal clearance of the acyl glucuronide was 702 ± 221 mL min^?1 in the first period, but only 109 ± 51.0 mL min^?1 in the second period. The stimulated urine production in the first 6 h after administration amounted to 2260 ± 755 mL (measured urine production minus baseline value of 1 mL min^?1 (360 mL). During the second or rebound period (6–96 h after drug administration), the quantity of urine was 990 ± 294 mL lower than what would have been expected from the baseline production of 5400 mL. This reduced production (0.82 mL min^?1) is equivalent to an 18% reduction in the average urine flow rate of 1 mL min^?1.     

Sweet's syndrome—therapy with cyclosporin

We report the case of a 39-year-old female patient suffering from Sweet's syndrome after an upper respiratory tract infection. Cyclosporin A at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day was given as initial treatment. Skin lesions and general malaise resolved within 9 days. The cyclosporin dose was decreased within 21 days, without recurrence of the eruption. Cyclosporin is a potent inhibitor of T lymphocytes, but affects granulocyte and monocyte functions as well. Success of treatment in our case shows that cyclosporin represents an alternative to steroid treatment in patients with Sweet's syndrome.     

HETEROZYGOTES FOR 17α-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY CAN BE DETECTED WITH A SHORT ACTH TEST

A short ACTH test was performed in the six parents, and four siblings, of three cases with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. Baseline steroid levels were all normal in female heterozygotes but in males 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels were elevated. After ACTH-stimulation, plasma levels of corticosterone were elevated in five obligate heterozygotes and 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone levels were increased in four of them. Two of the four siblings had biochemical signs of heterozygosity. The short ACTH test appears to be an efficient method for detecting heterozygosity, but the abnormalities found are more heterogeneous than previously suggested.     

Disproportional impact of the revised AIDS surveillance definition on the AIDS incidence among drug users compared to homosexual men

The impact of changes in 1993 of the old 1987 WHO/CDC AIDS casedefinition was studied in a cohort of 153 HIV-infected injectiondrug users (IDUs) and 502 HIV-infected homosexual men in Amsterdam.It appeared that the extension in Europe of the old AIDS definitionto also include recurrent pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosisand invasive cervical neoplasia, strongly increases the numberof persons diagnosed with AIDS among IDUs, but will hardly influencethe AIDS incidence among homosexual men. As recurrent pneumoniaand pulmonary tuberculosis are present among drug users withhigh CD4 cell counts, the incidence of these diseases may partlybe determined by environmental factors. The extension of theold 1987 AIDS definition in the USA with CD4 count <200 cells/mm³In addition to the 3 above-mentioned diseases, will also havea larger impact on drug users than on homosexual men.