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Anju Sinha Nomita Chandhiok Seema Sahay Sibnath Deb Shalini Bharat Abhilasha Gupta 《AIDS care》2015,27(9):1196-1198
A compelling case for promoting male circumcision (MC) as an intervention for reducing the risk of heterosexually acquired HIV infection was made by dissemination of the results of three studies in Africa. The WHO/UNAIDS recommendation for MC for countries like India, where the epidemic in concentrated in high-risk groups, advocates MC for specific population groups such as men at higher risk for HIV acquisition. A multicentre qualitative study was conducted in four geographically distinct districts (Belgaum, Kolkata, Meerut and Mumbai) in India during June 2009 to June 2011. Two categories of health care providers: Registered Healthcare Providers (RHCPs) and traditional circumcisers were interviewed by trained research staff who had received master's level education using interview guides with probes and open-ended questions. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling. A comparative analysis of the perspectives of the RHCP vs. traditional circumcisers is presented. Representatives of both categories of providers expressed the need for Indian data on MC. Providers feared that promoting circumcision might jeopardize/undermine the progress already made in the field of condom promotion. Reservation was expressed regarding its adoption by Hindus. Behavioural disinhibition was perceived as an important limitation. A contrast in the practice of circumcision was apparent between the traditional and the trained providers. MC should be mentioned as a part of comprehensive HIV prevention services in India that includes HIV counselling and testing, condom distribution and diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections. It should become an issue of informed personal choice rather than ethnic identity. 相似文献
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Joshi D Bicer EI Donmez C Hsiung MC Nanda NC Sadat K Sudhakar S Ibrahim H Pandey A Karia N Bhagatwala K Yin WH Jeng-Wei Chung-Yi-Chang Chung YC Tsai SK Dumaswala B Dumaswala K 《Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)》2012,29(5):620-630
We compared findings from intraoperative live/real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) and two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2DTEE) with surgery in 67 patients having aortic aneurysm and/or aortic dissection. Of these, 20 patients had aortic aneurysm without dissection, 21 aortic aneurysm and dissection, and 26 aortic dissection without aneurysm. 3DTEE diagnosed the type and location of aneurysm correctly in all patients unlike 2DTEE, which missed an aneurysm in one case. There were four cases of aortic aneurysm rupture. Three of them were diagnosed by 3DTEE but only one by 2DTEE, and one missed by both techniques. The mouth of saccular aneurysm, site of aortic aneurysm rupture, and communication sites between perfusing and nonperfusing lumens of aortic dissection could be viewed en face only with 3DTEE, enabling comprehensive measurements of their area and dimensions as well as increasing the confidence level of their diagnosis. In all patients with aortic dissection, 3DTEE enabled a more confident diagnosis of dissection because the dissection flap when viewed en face presented as a sheet of tissue rather than a linear echo seen on 2DTEE which can be confused with an artifact. 2DTEE missed dissection in one patient. In six cases the dissection flap involved the right coronary artery orifice by 3DTEE and surgery. These were missed by 2DTEE. Aortic regurgitation severity was more comprehensively assessed by 3DTEE than 2DTEE. Aneurysm size by 3DTEE correlated well with 2DTEE and surgery/computed tomography scan. In conclusion, 3DTEE provides incremental information over 2DTEE in patients with aortic aneurysm and dissection. 相似文献
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Administration of CCl4 at a dose of 0.1 mL/kg/day for 7 days to normal rats provoked significant alterations in the various biochemical variables. It also caused severe histopathological lesions. Priming with the butanol extract of P. tuberosa or conjoint administration of extract along with CCl4, provided significant protection against CCl4 induced injury. 相似文献