Use of immozymase in the treatment of suppurative wounds

The authors discuss the results of application of proteinase preparations immobilized on a water soluble carrier (Immozymase) and a water insoluble carrier (Profezyme) in the management of ++pyo-necrotic processes of various etiology and localization in 1,059 patients. The wounds were cleansed 1.5-2 times quicker than with the traditional methods of treatment. Immobilized proteinases possessing a prolonged therapeutic effect were found to stimulate the regeneration process. The authors believe the use of Immozymase to be promising in the treatment of purulent foci which are drained with difficulty and in intracavitary administration for treating purulent processes in the thoracic or abdominal cavity.     

加压滑动鹅头钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床与实验研究

探讨加压滑动鹅头钉在治疗股骨转子间骨折中的作用。临床应用４５例。男３４例，女１１例。平均年龄６１岁。稳定型１３例，不稳定型３２例。经临床应用和生物力学实验测定，结果表明：（１）对不稳定型转子间骨折，恢复小转子区内后侧皮质骨的连续性在骨折的稳定中具有重要作用。（２）内后侧骨折块解剖复位，加压螺丝钉固定或大转子骨折端加压螺丝钉固定能显著增强加压滑动鹅头钉的固定作用，明显提高不稳定型转子间骨折的术后稳定性。（３）该装置设计合理，性能坚固，对转子间骨折具有很强的固定作用，能有效地达到早期下床和避免长期卧床的目的，是目前临床最理想的内固定装置。     

Differences in [3H]-thymidine uptake of lymph node cells stimulated by Con A and PHA in H-2 congenic mouse strains.

The genetic control of the lymphocyte responsiveness to Con A and PHA-P has been studied by using inbred, H-2 congenic mouse strains. Segregation studies were carried out on F1 and backcross mice of a high and a low responder strain. According to the results, there is a strong correlation between the responsiveness of lymph node cells to mitogens and H-2 haplotypes in different H-2 congenic strains of mice and in different backcross generations. High responsiveness to PHA-P is associated with H-2b, while low responsiveness with H-2a or H-2k haplotypes, but the correlation is the inverse in response to Con A, in the parental strains and backcross mice as well. The magnitude of the responses to both Con A and PHA-P was found to be intermediate in F1 heterozygotes of a low and high responder parental strain. The effect of other non H-2 genes on the responsiveness to these mitogens has also been demonstrated.     

Effect of porosity on the osteointegration and bone ingrowth of a weight-bearing nickel-titanium bone graft substitute

Porous nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy is a promising new material for a bone graft substitute with good strength properties and an elastic modulus closer to that of bone than any other metallic material. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of porosity on the osteointegration of NiTi implants in rat bone. The porosities (average void volume) and the mean pore size (MPS) were 66.1% and 259+/-30 microm (group 1, n=14), 59.2% and 272+/-17 microm (group 2, n=4) and 46.6% and 505+/-136 microm (group 3, n=15), respectively. The implants were implanted in the distal femoral metaphysis of the rats for 30 weeks. The proportional bone-implant contact was best in group 1 (51%) without a significant difference compared to group 3 (39%). Group 2 had lower contact values (29%) than group 1 (p=0.038). Fibrotic tissue within the porous implant was found more often in group 1 than in group 3 (p=0.021), in which 12 samples out of 15 showed no signs of fibrosis. In conclusion, porosity of 66.1% (MPS 259+/-30 microm) showed best bone contact (51%) of the porosities tested here. However, the porosity of 46.6% (MPS 505+/-136 microm) with bone contact of 39% was not significantly inferior in this respect and showed lower incidence of fibrosis within the porous implant.     

Mapping the architecture of the ATP-binding site of the KATP channel subunit Kir6.2

ATP-sensitive potassium (K_ATP) channels comprise Kir6.2 and SUR subunits. The site at which ATP binds to mediate K_ATP channel inhibition lies on Kir6.2, but the potency of block is enhanced by coexpression with SUR1. To assess the structure of the ATP-binding site on Kir6.2, we used a range of adenine nucleotides as molecular measuring sticks to map the internal dimensions of the binding site. We compared their efficacy on Kir6.2–SUR1, and on a truncated Kir6.2 (Kir6.2ΔC) that expresses in the absence of SUR. We show here that SUR1 modifies the ATP-binding pocket of Kir6.2, by increasing the width of the groove that binds the phosphate tail of ATP, without changing the length of the groove, and by enhancing interaction with the adenine ring.     

Effect of weightlessness on some indices of brain development (results of residence of pregnant rats aboard the Cosmos-1514 biosatellite and investigation of subsequent development of their offspring on earth)

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Role of the structural elements of the arterial wall in the formation and growth of intracranial saccular aneurysms

Besides apical medial gaps, lateral and circular medial gaps can be found occasionally at the branching sites of human intracranial arteries, supporting Forbus's idea (1930) of their mechanism of formation and contradicting those put forward by later workers. The large medial gaps situated just distal to the branching sites, considered by Stehbens (1963) to be degenerative in origin, may result from enlargement of congenital multiple apical gaps. Degeneration of the internal elastic layer in the area of medial gaps consists in enlargement and partial fusion of its "physiologic" windows. In contrast to the prevailing opinion, human intracranial arteries do have a well-developed external elastic layer whose density gradually decreases with increasing lengths of the medial gaps. The fundus of a mature aneurysm generally contains no continuous elastic membrane or fiber and relatively little granular elastic material. The equilibrium between partial degeneration and steady reformation of adventitial collagen fibers makes possible the growth of an aneurysm. The thickening of the aneurysmal intima appears to be in causal relationship with the stagnation zones existing in larger aneurysms. In special cases small islets of the arterial media can get into the fundus of an aneurysm, whose spindle-like smooth muscle cells, arranged in a parallel manner, may dissociate themselves from each other and be transformed into spider-like cells.     

Overview of the microbiota in the gut-liver axis in viral B and C hepatitis

Viral B and C hepatitis are a major current health issue, both diseases having a chronic damaging effect on the liver and its functions. Chronic liver disease can lead to even more severe and life-threatening conditions, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent years have uncovered an important interplay between the liver and the gut microbiome: the gut-liver axis. Hepatitis B and C infections often cause alterations in the gut microbiota by lowering the levels of ‘protective’ gut microorganisms and, by doing so, hinder the microbiota ability to boost the immune response. Treatments aimed at restoring the gut microbiota balance may provide a valuable addition to current practice therapies and may help limit the chronic changes observed in the liver of hepatitis B and C patients. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the anato-functional axis between the gut and liver and to highlight the influence that hepatitis B and C viruses have on the microbiota balance, as well as the influence of treatments aimed at restoring the gut microbiota on infected livers and disease progression.     

Morphofunctional changes in mitochondria during stress

Electron microscopy revealed morphofunctional changes in mitochondria of rats under stress conditions. Reparative processes and pathomorphological changes were monitored. Heterogeneous ultrastructural changes in mitochondria were revealed. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 144, No. 12, pp. 699–702, December, 2007