脑血管介入治疗患者穿刺点压迫方法的研究进展

综述了脑血管介入术穿刺点压迫方法（包括人工压迫、弹力带加压、压迫器加压、血管闭合装置压迫、止血敷料压迫、气囊加压6种）、止血压力以及压迫时间，提出由于穿刺点和压迫方法的不同，其压迫时间、减压时间和压力大小等需要进一步探讨，为脑血管介入术后患者穿刺点的临床护理提供参考。     

基于文献的老年人群常见证候分布特征研究＊

目的 了解我国老年人中医证候分布特征，为中医药辨治老年人提供参考依据。方法 系统检索中国知识基础设施（CNKI）、中文科技期刊数据库（CCD）、万方数据资源系统数据库（CSPD），纳入研究对象为老年人的临床流行病学调查研究文献，对其调查目的、调查疾病及调查结果等进行描述统计。结果 ①最终纳入168篇文献，其中2010至2020年之间发表138篇（82.14%）；调查地区涵盖全国28个省市自治区，共纳入43948例老年人，累计覆盖340个研究中心；②主要研究结果显示，老年人中医证候阴虚阳亢证（10.05%）>血瘀证（9.5%）>痰浊（湿）证（8.91%）>阴阳两虚证（4.98%）>痰瘀互结证（4.96%）；单元证分布阴虚证（14.70%）>痰证（11.22%）>气虚证（7.15%）>肾虚证（4.72%）>血瘀证（4.18%）；涉及病变脏腑肾>肝>脾>肺>心。结论 根据统计结果，可以看出老年人证候分布虚证多于实证，虚证中又以阴虚证、气虚证最为多见，实证常见血瘀证、痰浊（湿）证等，且多见痰瘀互结证；老年人五脏皆损，其中又以肾、肝、脾功能失调最为突出。     

高密度多孔聚乙烯植入体在鼻整形中的应用

目的 探究高密度多孔聚乙烯植入体在鼻整形中的应用价值方法 选取2019年5月-2021年8月我院接受综合鼻整形手术的106例患者为研究对象，采用照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组，各53例。 对照组采用自体肋骨植入术，观察组采用高密度多孔聚乙烯植入体植入治疗，比较两组临床手术指标(手术时间、恢复时间)、整形优良率、鼻指标(鼻高度/鼻长度比例、鼻唇角)、并发症发生率以及疼痛评分结果 观察组手术时间、术后恢复时间均短于对照组(P＜0.05)；观察组整形优良率为94.34%，高于对照组的86.79%，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；观察组鼻高度/鼻长度比例高于对照组，鼻唇角小于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；观察组并发症发生率为5.66%，低于对照组的15.09%，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；观察组疼痛评分低于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；观察组治疗满意度为 96.23%，高于对照组的84.91%，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)结论 高密度多孔聚乙烯植入体在鼻整形中的应用效果理想，可减轻患者疼痛度，缩短手术和恢复时间，降低并发症发生率，改善鼻高度/鼻长度比例和鼻唇角，实现理想的整形效果。     

China special issue on gastrointestinal tumors-Radiological features of pathological complete response in mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade: A post hoc analysis of the PICC phase II trial

Neoadjuvant programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade exhibits promising efficacy in patients with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC). However, discrepancies between radiological and histological findings have been reported in the PICC phase II trial (NCT 03926338). Therefore, we strived to discern radiological features associated with pathological complete response (pCR) based on computed tomography (CT) images. Data were obtained from the PICC trial that included 36 tumors from 34 locally advanced dMMR CRC patients, who received neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade for 3 months. Among the 36 tumors, 28 (77.8%) tumors achieved pCR. There were no statistically significant differences in tumor longitudinal diameter, the percentage change in tumor longitudinal diameter from baseline, primary tumor sidedness, clinical stage, extramural venous invasion status, intratumoral calcification, peritumoral fat infiltration, intestinal fistula and tumor necrosis between the pCR and non-pCR tumors. Otherwise, tumors with pCR had smaller posttreatment tumor maximum thickness (median: 10 mm vs 13 mm, P = .004) and higher percentage decrease in tumor maximum thickness from baseline (52.9% vs 21.6%, P = .005) compared to non-pCR tumors. Additionally, a higher proportion of the absence of vascular sign (P = .003, odds ratio [OR] = 25.870 [95% CI, 1.357-493.110]), nodular sign (P < .001, OR = 189.000 [95% CI, 10.464-3413.803]) and extramural enhancement sign (P = .003, OR = 21.667 [2.848-164.830]) was observed in tumors with pCR. In conclusion, these CT-defined radiological features may have the potential to serve as valuable tools for clinicians in identifying patients who have achieved pCR after neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade, particularly in individuals who are willing to adopt a watch-and-wait strategy.     

"五习惯"医患沟通评价量表的构建及信效度研究

背景 医患沟通障碍是导致医疗纠纷发生的主要原因之一。目前，我国对医务人员医患沟通能力的评价研究较少，缺乏信效度良好的评估工具。 目的 构建"五习惯"医患沟通评价量表（5HCS），检验其信度和效度。 方法 2014年3月，采用Brislin翻译法在"四习惯"医患沟通评价体系（4HCS）的基础上，形成5HCS初稿；2014年4—6月，采用德尔菲法，使用问卷分两轮征求专家意见，根据专家意见修订条目后形成5HCS定稿；2018年3月，使用新构建的5HCS对127名住院医师的医患沟通能力进行评估，通过分析其评价数据，检验量表的内部一致性、评价者间信度、内容效度和标准关联效度。 结果 正式版5HCS包含5个维度（"尊重示善，融洽关系""采集信息，引导观点""表达共情，建立信任""风险告知，知情同意""提供诊断，协商决策"），21个条目。量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.716，各维度与量表总分的r值为0.524~0.692，各条目的内容效度指数（I-CVI）≥0.81，量表总分的评价者间信度r值为0.912，组内相关系数（ICC）=0.912，标准关联效度以中文版医患沟通技能评价量表（SEGUE）为标准，两个量表总分之间的r值为0.377（P<0.01）。 结论 5HCS具有良好的信度和效度，可将其作为我国住院医师医患沟通能力测评工具加以推广应用。     

以宫腔积液为首发症状的胃型宫颈腺癌1例报道并文献复习

宫腔积液指宫腔内液体积存(积水、积血或积脓),是绝经后女性常见体征之一,常于超声检查时发现。持续宫腔积液患者,需宫腔镜检查寻找病因。本文报道1例以宫腔积液为首发症状,经宫腔镜检查确诊为胃型宫颈腺癌的患者。通过病例回顾并文献复习,以期为更多绝经后宫腔积液及宫颈病变的诊断提供参考,避免漏诊及误诊。1病例资料患者67岁,女,主因"绝经18年,不规则阴道出血2月"于2020年5月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院妇科微创中心。     

杭州市下城区中老年人对社区中医药卫生服务的需求与影响因素

目的:探究中老年人对对社区中医药卫生服务的需求及影响因素,为促进中医药在社区卫生服务中心的开展提供科学依据。方法:于2018~2019年随机抽取杭州市下城区石桥街道社区卫生服务中心诊治的40岁以上中老年人作为研究对象。采用问卷调查的方法对中老年人进行社区中医药卫生服务的需求及影响因素分析。结果:研究共纳入569例中老年人,中老年人对中医药卫生服务总体需求度为75.75%,对中医药技术服务、中医用药、中医药膳指导服务、腧穴保健指导、中医康复、情志疏导需求度分别为84.53%、75.92%、81.72%、88.75%、71.18%、65.38%。对中医药卫生服务有需求和无需求的两组研究对象中,年龄、性别、BMI、婚姻状况、学历、家庭人均年收入、是否患有慢性病的构成情况差异明显(P<0.05),高年龄、男性、高BMI、丧偶或离异或其他、高学历、高收入及患有慢性病的中老年人对中医药卫生服务需求度较高。结论:中老年人对社区中医药卫生服务的需求度较高,尤其是高年龄、女性、高收入及患有慢性病的人群。     

Silencing KLF16 inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis

Krüppel-like factor 16 (KLF16), a member of the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family, has been extensively investigated in multiple cancer types. However, the role of KLF16 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. Thus, we conducted this study to investigate its related mechanism. KLF16 expression in OSCC cell lines was quantified by western blotting. Then, OECM1 and OC3 cells were divided into Blank, siCtrl, siKLF16#1 and siKLF16#2 groups. Subsequently, cell proliferation was detected using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, cell migration and invasion were detected with wound healing and Transwell assays, and cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were detected via flow cytometry. KLF16, p21, CDK4, Cyclin D1 and p-Rb expression was detected by western blotting. Finally, xenograft models were established in nude mice to observe the in vivo effects of KLF16 on OSCC. KLF16 protein expression was upregulated in OSCC cells. Compared to the cells in the Blank group, the OECM1 and OC3 cells in the siKLF16#1 group and siKLF16#2 group exhibited a sharp decrease in proliferation but a remarkable increase in apoptosis. Moreover, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase notably increased and that in the S phase decreased, with evident decreases in cell invasion and migration. Moreover, KLF16, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), Cyclin D1 and p-Rb protein expression was upregulated, but p21 expression was downregulated. The mice in the siKLF16#1 and siKLF16#2 xenograft model groups exhibited slower tumour growth and smaller tumours with evident downregulation of Ki67 expression compared to the mice in the Blank group. KLF16 expression was upregulated in OSCC cells, and interfering with KLF16 led to cell cycle arrest, inhibited OSCC cell growth and promoted cell apoptosis.     

Zhang Weishen: A Pioneer in the Development and Industrial Production of Penicillin in New China

The research and development of penicillin started with difficulty before 1949 and achieved certain results. In 1951, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Weishen, as the only Chinese scientist who had been trained and worked in a penicillin research and development center in the United States for many years, overcame many difficulties and returned to China. In 1953, with the efforts of Zhang Weishen and his colleagues, China realized the industrialized production of penicillin, alleviating the urgent needs of the masses. Antibiotics has also become the first discipline to achieve major scientific and technological achievements after the founding of the New China. In the mid-1950s, the technical breakthrough in the localization of lactose substitutes marked the localization of the raw materials of the penicillin-producing culture medium, which paved the way for the industrialized production of penicillin with Chinese characteristics. Antibiotics have become one of the most widely used and affordable drugs for hundreds of millions of patients in China, and China has since ended the humiliating history of the “Sick Man of East Asia".