The quality of spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports from the pharmacovigilance centre in western China

Background: High-quality adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports are essential for conducting drug safety monitoring in pharmacovigilance. The study aim was to assess the current quality of ADR reports in western China, and to identify problems with ADR report quality.

Research design and methods: A sample of 1139 reports received by the Shaanxi ADR Monitoring Center from January 2015 to December 2017 was selected. ADR report quality was evaluated using an ADR report quality evaluation system.

Results: None of the reports were rated as excellent and 1.40% (n = 16) as good. Report quality was better for new and serious reports than for general reports. Medical institutions generated higher quality reports than pharmaceutical manufacturers. Nurses generated higher quality reports than doctors, pharmacists, and other professionals. Reporters of different occupations showed significant differences in the quality of the indicators Reporting time limit, Intervention ADR time, ADR termination time, ADR intervention measures, Original disease, and Cause of medication (P = 0.000).

Conclusions: The ADR data quality was poor in western China, and of lower quality than reported data from previous research in other regions. Improvements in the quality and availability of ADR reports are urgently needed.     

Activity-dependent Decay of Early LTP Revealed by Dual EPSP Recording in Hippocampal Slices from Young Rats

The early maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) was studied in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices from 12- to 18-day-old rats in a low-magnesium solution (0.1 mM). The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated components of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential were estimated in parallel using early and late measurements of the composite potential. At the normal test stimulus frequency of 0.1 Hz, LTP was seen initially as a predominant increase in the AMPA component, but converted, via a substantial decay of this component and a gradual growth of the NMDA component, into nearly equal changes of the two components. Interrupting the test stimulation for 10 min, changing the test stimulus frequency to 1/60 Hz after LTP induction, or using a test stimulus frequency of 1/60 Hz during the entire experiment significantly reduced the decay of the potentiation of the AMPA component while enhancing the potentiation of the NMDA one. The ratio between the magnitudes of the two excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) components showed a decaying time course that was independent of the manipulations used. Application of the NMDA antagonist D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (50μM) after LTP induction stabilized the LTP of the AMPA component until washout was started. On the other hand, the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid (1 μM) resulted in decay of the potentiation of both EPSP components back to around baseline and altered the time course of the ratio between the components. Our results show that the early maintenance of LTP is controlled in an activity-dependent and NMDA-dependent manner. This process accelerates the decay of LTP of both AMPA and NMDA components in parallel, suggesting that it is similar to homosynaptic long-term depression, although it operates at the normal test stimulus frequency. The data support a scenario in which LTP ensues as a selective AMPA receptor modification and subsequently converts to another modification, possibly a presynaptic one.     

系统性红斑狼疮的肺胸膜损害

分析了系统性红斑狼疮并肺、胸膜损害30例,胸膜改变占首位,共19例,(63.3％),其中胸膜积液16例,合并心包积液3例。其次为SLE肺炎5例(16.7％),尿毒症肺水肿3例(10％),弥漫性肺间质纤维化2例(6.7％),肺不张1例(3.35％)。对临床表现、诊断、治疗和预后进行了讨论。     

密闭液性环境干燥环境下供皮区创面愈合的比较研究

目的比较研究密闭液性环境和干燥环境下供皮区创面的愈合过程. 方法 1996年7月～1997年3月以13例成人断层供皮区创面为研究对象,其中男9例,女4例,年龄20～50岁,创面面积(100～400) cm2,取皮深度中厚,约0.44 mm.同一个创面分为实验组(密闭液性环境)和对照组(干燥环境),采用自身对照法.应用大体、组织学及电镜观察等方法进行观察. 结果密闭液性环境下创面愈合较快,创面组织中成纤维细胞较早活跃、且持续时间较长,再血管化和再上皮化均较早和较快发生. 结论密闭液性环境下创面愈合较快,与组织修复细胞较为活跃、再血管化和再上皮化较快发生有关.     

Oral and dental manifestations in diabetic and nondiabetic uremic patients receiving hemodialysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the dental condition and oral manifestations in diabetic and nondiabetic uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 128 patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy were classified into the diabetic and nondiabetic groups and examined for uremic oral manifestations, dental caries, and the periodontal status. All the patients received predialytic salivary pH examination. In the diabetic group, the correlation between oral findings and glycemic controlled levels, which was collected based on Hb A1C values, were further studied. RESULTS: The diabetic group exhibited significantly higher prevalence of caries and more severe dry mouth, taste change, and mucosa pain than the nondiabetic group. The diabetic group tended to have lower predialytic salivary pH, and patients with poor glycemic control (ie, Hb A1C > 9%) showed higher incidence of dry mouth, mucosal pain, and tongue coating. However, the DMFT and CPI index were not associated with glycemic control in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that diabetic uremic patients undergoing maintained hemodialysis exhibited a potentially higher risk for dental decay and xerostomia. Lower salivary pH and poor glycemic control may affect oral manifestations. Further research is needed to clarify the combined influence of diabetic nephropathy on oral health.     

甲状腺功能亢进性呕吐(附2例报告)

本文报告2例系非甲亢危象及危象前期的甲状腺功能亢进(简称甲亢)患者,临床突出的症状是:频繁而又顽固的呕吐,例1导致了Mallory-Weiss征,服他巴唑60小时后呕吐明显缓解,96小时后呕吐完全停止。例2由于呕吐误诊为胃神经官能症,服他巴唑治疗一周后呕吐停止。甲亢性呕吐国内未见报告,本文对呕吐的机制进行了分析探讨。     

Proteasome Inhibitors Sensitize Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to TRAIL

A poptosis, an evolutionarily conserved form of cell suicide, oc- curs in two physiological stages: commitment and execution.[1] It has been found that several Bcl-2 family proteins are located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, where they control relea…     

10例前置胎盘产后出血改良式宫腔纱布填塞临床分析

目的对改良式宫腔填塞治疗前置胎盘产后出血进行疗效分析。方法对我院手术室常规使用大尾纱行子宫下段胎盘附着面出血,填塞压迫止血进行回顾性分析。结果10例患者行子宫下段纱布填塞疗效明显,出血量400～600ml,均未输血,生命体征平稳,无产褥感染和晚期产后出血。结论子宫下段宫腔纱布填塞术治疗产后出血疗效显著。     

良、恶性脑膜瘤性激素受体和外源凝集素受体的检测

采用 ABC 免疫组化技术对82例脑膜瘤活检组织(良性脑膜瘤67例、恶性脑膜瘤15例)进行了三种性激素受体和12种 LR 的测定.结果证实脑膜瘤是性激素的靶组织,ER阳性率74.4%,PR 阳性率75.6%。AR 阳性率29.3%.ER 阳性率与性别有关,女性高于男性;PR 阳性率与组织类型有关,脑膜内皮型阳性率最高,过渡型居中,而纤维母细胞型及砂粒体型阳性率较低;AR 阳性率与组织分化程度有关,恶性脑膜瘤中 AR 阳性率高于良性脑膜瘤中 AR 阳性率.这些结果为进一步探讨性激素受体在脑膜瘤的生物学行为上所起的作用及对脑膜瘤实施内分泌治疗提供理论依据.12种 LR 中只有 PSA 受体在良性脑膜瘤中的阳性率高于恶性脑膜瘤,故这一结果可作为良、恶性脑膜瘤诊断的依据.三种性激素受体与 LR 染色结果经配对卡方检验证明无相关性,因此 LR 的测定不能代替性激素受体的测定.