伊维菌素注射剂对牛皮蝇蛆病的防治效果试验

2006年10月10日至27日在新疆精河县八家户农场和托托乡共对600头试验牛(黄牛)进行伊维菌素注射剂注射对牛皮蝇蛆病进行防治效果试验。试验结果表明:用伊维菌素(伊力佳)注射剂对牛皮蝇蛆病的防治效果达到100%,说明伊维菌素对牛皮蝇蛆有很好的防治效果。     

Distinct Expression of Cytokines and Mitogenic Inhibitory Factors in Semen of Fertile and Infertile Men

PROBLEM: To assess the effect of seminal plasma (SP) of fertile and infertile men on leukocyte mitogenic response, and the capability of sperm cells to produce IL-1. METHODS: This study included four groups: fertile men (donors, normal), infertile men with azoospermia (azoo), oligo-terato-asthenozoospermia (OTA), and OTA with genital infection (OTA-inf). Mouse spleen cell proliferation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Concanavalin-A (Con-A) was examined in the presence of SP from the above four groups. Supernatants (sup) and lysates (lys) of sperm cells from fertile and oligoteratoasthenospermic (OTA) men were evaluated for IL-1 bioactivity by specific bioassay. RESULTS: Seminal plasma (SP) of the four groups were shown to inhibit the mitogenic response of mouse spleen cells to LPS and Con-A. SP of fertile men was significantly more inhibitory than SP from infertile men. Sperm cells from fertile and OTA infertile men constitutively produced IL-1. Sperm cells of both groups produced similar levels of IL-1 as examined in the supernatants and lysates. CONCLUSIONS: Seminal plasma of fertile men had more inhibitory mitogenic activity than that of OTA. Sperm cells constitutively produce IL-1. It is possible that the factors involved in this inhibition are not only anti-proliferative immune factors. Cytokines and inhibitory factors of mitogenesis in the seminal plasma may be involved in the physiology and pathophysiology of sperm functions and thus affect male fertility.     

Cardiac Electrophysiological Experiments in Numero, Part III: Simulation of Arrhythmias and Pacing

This paper is the third and final part of a series of articles reviewing mathematical and computer models of the electrophysiological processes. This section reviews the arrhythmia simulation and discusses models of arrhythmogenic processes, fibrillation and defibrillation, and of heart-pacemaker interaction. The models of arrhythmogenesis are classified into three main sections: models of reentry and vortex reentry, models of myocardial electrotonic interactions, and models of macroreentrant supraventricular tachycardias. This final part of the review discusses the future potential of mathematical and computer models of different cardiac processes.     

RENAL TRANSPLANTATION – AN EARLY EXPERIENCE

Renal transplant (RT) is now a therapy of choice for end stage renal disease (ESRD). The Nephrology Unit, Asvini started functioning in Dec 90 and to date 1298 sittings of hemodialysis have been given to 45 patients. Of these, 35 were in ESRD and 11 patients underwent renal transplantation at this hospital during the period Jan 91 – Dec 93. One patient expired after 18 months of transplantation due to infection. Early experience in screening patients for RT, use of immunosuppression, management of rejection episodes and protocol are presented with special emphasis on its relevance to the Armed Forces.KEY WORDS: Transplantation, Renal Failure, Immunosuppression, Rejection     

The Application of Non-Default Uncertainty Factors in the U.S. EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Part I: UF L,UF S,and “Other Uncertainty Factors”

The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) includes hazard identification and dose-response assessment values developed by Agency scientists. Uncertainty factors (UFs) are used in the development of IRIS values to address the lack of information in five main areas. The standard UFs account for interspecies uncertainty (UF_A) and intraspecies variability (UF_H). The UF_A addresses uncertainty related to the extrapolation of data from animals to humans, whereas the UF_H addresses variability amongst individuals (i.e., intrahuman). Additional UFs have been employed to account for database incompleteness, extrapolations from a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level in the absence of a no-observed-adverse-effect level (UF_L), and subchronic-to-chronic extrapolation (UF_S). A sixth UF designated as “other uncertainty factors” (UF_O) has also been applied in place of the UF_L to account for uncertainty with the adversity of points of departure obtained using benchmark dose modeling. This review will discuss how UF_L, UF_S, and UF_O have been applied in IRIS assessments, along with the rationale used to describe the choice of UF values that deviate from the standard default of 10.     

Conformation of model,alanine and proline containing tetrapeptides in water

CD spectra of model alanine and prolyl-alanine tetrapeptides were measured at different _pH values. An analysis of the spectra shows that proline in position 2 or 4 of a tetrapeptide favours folding of the peptide chain, and unfolding when it is in position 3. Changes in CD spectra evidence growing amounts of the β-turn conformation upon increasing ^pH, independent of proline position in the peptide chain.