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排序方式: 共有476条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Pramod K Pal Joanne Leung Katya Hedrich Ali Samii Abraham Lieberman Paul A Nausieda Donald B Calne Xandra O Breakefield Christine Klein A Jon Stoessl 《Movement disorders》2002,17(4):789-794
There are few reports of positron emission tomography (PET) in juvenile parkinsonism (JP). We report on the results of (18)F-6-fluoro-L-dopa (FD) PET in a 14-year-old patient with JP of 5 years duration associated with atypical features. This is the youngest subject to be investigated to date. There was a severe asymmetric reduction in striatal FD uptake, with a rostrocaudal gradient in the putamen similar to that seen in adult-onset idiopathic parkinsonism. Extensive DNA analysis in this patient did not show mutations in the parkin gene. 相似文献
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Corey T. McMillan Katya Rascovsky M. Catherine Khella Robin Clark Murray Grossman 《Social cognitive and affective neuroscience》2012,7(8):881-887
When making a decision, humans often have to ‘coordinate’—reach the same conclusion—as another individual without explicitly communicating. Relatively, little is known about the neural basis for coordination. Moreover, previous fMRI investigations have supported conflicting hypotheses. One account proposes that individuals coordinate using a ‘gut feeling’ and that this is supported by insula recruitment. Another account proposes that individuals recruit strategic decision-making mechanisms in prefrontal cortex in order to coordinate. We investigate the neural basis for coordination in individuals with behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) who have limitations in social decision-making associated with disease in prefrontal cortex. We demonstrate that bvFTD are impaired at establishing a focal point in a semantic task (e.g. ‘Tell me any boy''s name’) that requires coordination relative to a similar, control semantic task that does not. Additionally, coordination limitations in bvFTD are related to cortical thinning in prefrontal cortex. These findings are consistent with behavioral economic models proposing that, beyond a ‘gut feeling’, strategic decision-making contributes to the coordination process, including a probabilistic mechanism that evaluates the salience of a response (e.g. is ‘John’ a frequent boy''s name), a hierarchical mechanism that iteratively models an opponent''s likely response and a mechanism involved in social perspective taking. 相似文献
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Mario García-Alanís Lizette Quiroz-Casian Héctor Castañeda-González Perla Arguelles-Castro Liz Toapanta-Yanchapaxi Erwin Chiquete-Anaya Andrea Sarmiento-Aguilar Katya Bozada-Gutiérrez Jesús K. Yamamoto-Furusho 《Gastroenterologia y hepatologia》2021,44(3):206-213
IntroductionDifferent studies have described psychiatric comorbidities in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, but most of them focus mainly on depression and anxiety. Even though major mental disorders are considered one of the main factors that decrease quality of life (QoL), its role in IBD patients remains unclear. We sought to identify the prevalence of different mental disorders as well as its relationship with QoL.Patients and methodsSubjects were recruited from the IBD Clinic. IBD Questionnaire 32 and structured clinical interview (SCID) for DMS-IV Text Revision were applied. Demographic and clinical data were collected via self-report questionnaires and medical records. The correlation between mental disorders and QoL (IBDQ-32 score) was evaluated using the Spearman correlation test.ResultsIn all, 104 patients were recruited, 12 with Crohn's disease, and 92 with ulcerative colitis. The prevalence of any major mental disorder was 56.7%: anxiety (44.2%), mood (27.9%), substance use (12.2%), and other psychiatric diagnoses (17.3%), and 29.8% of the patients presented three or more comorbid diagnoses. Mental Disorder (p = 0.005), mood disorder (p = 0.004), anxiety disorder (p = 0.009), were found to be significantly associated with lower QoL. Substance use disorder was associated with lower Digestive QoL (p = 0.01). Major depressive disorder (p = 0.004), social phobia (p = 0.03), PTSD (p = 0.02), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (p < 0.001), were found to be significantly associated with lower QoL.ConclusionsIBD patients had important psychiatric comorbidity that significantly affects their QoL. These results warrant a systematic evaluation of psychiatric conditions in IBD patients. 相似文献
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To explore the role of oxytocin in the regulation of salt appetite and blood pressure, we conducted studies in oxytocin gene-knockout mice and determined (1) blood pressure and heart rate during day and night periods, (2) salt appetite after iso-osmotic volume depletion, and (3) salt appetite and blood pressure after central injection of angiotensin II. Long-term arterial catheters were inserted, and blood pressure and heart rate were recorded for 24 hours. There was a modest decrease in blood pressure and heart rate in knockout mice. Salt appetite was measured with a 2- bottle choice (water and 2% NaCl), with measurement of licking activity. Mice were injected subcutaneously with 30% polyethylene glycol (0.5 mL), and voluntary intakes were measured for 24 hours. Knockout mice consumed 3 times the amount of NaCl than did controls, 276+/-77 vs 90+/-38 licks/24 h (P<0.05). Water consumption was similar between groups. Angiotensin II (5, 50, and 200 ng/3 microL) injected intracerebroventricularly produced dose-related increases in intake, with no differences between the groups. The 50-ng dose of angiotensin II elicited salt and water intakes of 151+/-43 vs 160+/-33 licks and 250+/-53 vs and 200+/-51 licks, respectively (control vs knockout). The pressor response to angiotensin II was not different between the groups. Results suggest that oxytocin plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure and salt appetite, specifically as mediated by volume receptors, and that the renin-angiotensin system is not involved in these changes. 相似文献
6.
Kazutoshi Higuchi Seiji Futagami Hiroshi Yamawaki Makoto Murakami Kumiko Kirita Shuhei Agawa Go Ikeda Hiroto Noda Yasuhiro Kodaka Nobue Ueki Keiko Kaneko Katya Gudis Ryuji Ohashi Katsuhiko Iwakiri 《Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition》2021,68(1):86
Since the prevention of early chronic pancreatitis (ECP) into chronic pancreatitis might be critical for the reduction of pancreatic cancer, we tried to clarify the pathophysiology of ECP patients, focusing on ECP patients without alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. 27 ECP patients without alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and 33 patients with functional dyspepsia with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities (FD-P) were enrolled in this study. Diagnosis of ECP was made when imaging findings showed the presence of more than 2 out of 7 endoscopic ultrasound features. Duodenal degranulated eosinophils and glucagon-like peptide 1 producing cells were estimated by immunostaining. There were no significant differences in characteristics and psychogenic factors between ECP and FD-P patients. Interestingly, endoscopic ultrasound score in ECP patients significantly improved, albeit clinical symptoms in ECP patients showed no improvement at one year follow up. The extent of migration of duodenal degranulated eosinophils in FD-P patients was significantly higher compared to that in ECP patients. The levels of elastase-1 and trypsin in ECP patients with improved endoscopic ultrasound features were significantly reduced by the treatment. Further studies will be needed to clarify whether clinical symptoms and endoscopic ultrasound features in ECP patients without alcoholic chronic pancreatitis were improved in longer follow up study. 相似文献
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S Futagami M Shimpuku JM Song Y Kodaka H Yamawaki H Nagoya T Shindo T Kawagoe A Horie K Gudis K Iwakiri C Sakamoto 《Digestion》2012,86(2):114-121
Background/Aims: In this crossover study, we investigated whether nizatidine, a H(2)-receptor antagonist, can alleviate clinical symptoms and gastric emptying in patients with Rome III-based functional dyspepsia (FD) with or without impaired gastric emptying. Methods: We enrolled 30 patients presenting with FD symptoms (epigastric pain syndrome, n = 6; postprandial distress syndrome, n = 24). Rome III-based FD patients were treated with nizatidine (300 mg/day) or placebo for 4 weeks in a crossover trial. Gastric motility was mainly evaluated with the T(max) value using the (13)C-acetate breath test. Meal-related symptoms were defined as postprandial fullness and early satiation. Gastroesophageal symptom was defined as a burning feeling rising from the stomach or lower chest up toward the neck. Acylated- and desacylated ghrelin levels were evaluated by the ELISA method. Clinical symptoms, gastric emptying and ghrelin levels were evaluated at three different points during the study (pretreatment, after 4 weeks former treatment and after 4 weeks later treatment). The primary end point of this study was to determine whether nizatidine would improve clinical symptoms and gastric emptying in FD patients with or without impaired gastric emptying via affecting ghrelin levels. Results: Meal-related symptoms of the patients treated with nizatidine improved significantly (21/30; 70%) compared to those treated with placebo (3/30; 10%). In addition, nizatidine treatment also significantly improved gastroesophageal symptoms (16/30; 53%) compared to those treated with placebo (0/30; 0%). Nizatidine treatment in patients with FD accompanied by impaired gastric emptying significantly improved clinical symptoms and T(max) value as a marker of gastric emptying (10/11, 91%; 9/11, 82%) compared to placebo therapy, respectively. There were no significant differences in ghrelin levels between nizatidine treatment and placebo therapy. Conclusion: Nizatidine administration significantly improved both gastric emptying and clinical symptoms in FD patients with impaired gastric emptying. 相似文献
9.
Keith A. Vossel Nga Bien-Ly Aubrey Bernardo Katya Rascovsky Anna Karydas Gil D. Rabinovici 《Neurocase》2013,19(3):295-301
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with motor neuron disease (FTLD-MND) is characterized by neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions containing TDP-43. Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4), derived from the apoE ?4 allele, enhances brain atrophy in FTLD through unknown mechanisms. Here, we studied two siblings with C9ORF72-linked familial FTLD-MND, an apoE ?4 homozygote and an apoE ?3 homozygote. The apoE ?4 homozygote had more cognitive-behavioral symptoms, fronto-insulo-temporal atrophy, and apoE fragments and aggregates in the anterior cingulate cortex. ApoE formed complexes with TDP-43 that were more abundant in the apoE ?4 homozygote. Although differences seen in a sibling pair could arise due to chance, these findings raise the possibility that apoE4 exacerbates brain pathology in FTLD through formation of neurotoxic apoE fragments and interactions with TDP-43. 相似文献
10.