Efficient and reusable SBA-15-immobilized Brønsted acidic ionic liquid for the ketalization of cyclohexanone with glycol

Ketalization of cyclohexanone with glycol has been carried out using molecular sieve SBA-15 immobilized Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalyst. The properties of the heterogeneous catalysts were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), and N₂ adsorption–desorption (BET). The results suggested that Brønsted acidic ionic liquid [BSmim][HSO₄] had been successfully immobilized on the surface of SBA-15 and the catalytic performance evaluation demonstrated that the catalyst BAIL@SBA-15 exhibited excellent catalytic activities in the ketalization of cyclohexanone with glycol. In addition, the effects of reaction temperature, catalyst loading, reaction time, and reactant molar ratio have also been investigated in detail, and a general reaction mechanism for the ketalization of cyclohexanone with glycol was given. The SBA-15 immobilized ionic liquid can be recovered easily and after reusing for 5 times in the ketalization reaction, the catalyst could still give satisfactory catalytic activity.

Molecular sieve SBA-15 immobilized Brønsted acidic ionic liquid: an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the ketalization of cyclohexanone with glycol.     

超声结合视频脑电图在早产儿脑损伤早期诊断及预后评价中的应用

【摘要】 目的 探讨超声结合视频脑电图（VEEG）在早产儿脑损伤早期诊断及预后评价中的应用价值。 方法 选取出生后由产科转入新生儿重症监护室（NICU）的53例早产儿为研究对象,收集其临床资料,根据早产儿临床表现,将出生时Apgar评分低于7分、10d后经MRI检查确认有脑损伤改变的早产儿作为脑损伤组（n=24）,其他设为无脑损伤组（n=29）,所有早产儿出生后48h~72h均进行颅脑超声检查,且在床旁进行VEEG监测。 结果 超声诊断无脑损伤30例,脑损伤23例。VEEG监测显示脑损伤组及无脑损伤组分别有19例、5例早产儿出现脑电异常情况,脑损伤组VEEG脑电图异常率显著高于无脑损伤组（P＜0.05）。超声对早产儿脑损伤早期诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为8.33%、89.66%、86.79%;VEEG对早产儿脑损伤早期诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度依次为79.17%、82.76%、81.13%;超声结合VEEG对早产儿脑损伤早期诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为95.83%、96.55%、96.23%,均高于单纯超声和单纯VEEG检测（P＜0.05）。随访结果显示,12月龄时,超声结合VEEG诊断为脑损伤的早产儿MDI、PDI评分均较超声结合VEEG诊断为无脑损伤的早产儿低（P＜0.05）,脑瘫、癫痫发生率均较其高（P＜0.05）。 结论 超声结合VEEG能提高早产儿脑损伤早期诊断效能,在其预后评价中具有重要价值,可供临床借鉴。     

CT引导下经蝶腭穴芒针透刺蝶腭神经节治疗变应性鼻炎的临床观察

目的 观察CT引导下经蝶腭穴芒针透刺蝶腭神经节治疗变应性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法 将72例变应性鼻炎患者随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组采用CT引导下经蝶腭穴芒针透刺蝶腭神经节;对照组采用常规针刺蝶腭穴及常规穴位,疗程结束后评定临床疗效。结果 试验组的总有效率为94.44%,对照组的总有效率为77.78%,差异具有统计学意义。试验组的指标改善均优于对照组。结论 在CT引导下,采用芒针透刺蝶腭神经节治疗变应性鼻炎,其治疗方法颇具特色,提高了透刺蝶腭神经节的准确性及安全性,从而为非CT引导时透刺的角度与深度提供了一定的参考依据。     

2型糖尿病家系非糖尿病一级亲属胰岛素抵抗与胰岛β细胞功能变化5年随访研究

目的：探讨随访2型糖尿病（T2DM）家系非糖尿病一级亲属5年的胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能变化。方法：入选2型糖尿病家系非糖尿病一级亲属组（FDR）32例和正常对照组（NC）18例,基线检测了体质量指数、腰臀比、血压、血脂、血糖和空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平。采用稳态模式（HOMA）评价胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）和胰岛β细胞功能（HOMA-β）,5年后进行了相同的随访。结果：5年后FDR组HOMA-IR明显升高（P=0.040）,HOMA-β明显降低（P=0.004）。5年后FDR组与NC组HOMA-IR组间无显著差异（P=0.594）,HOMA-β明显降低（P=0.000）。多元逐步回归分析显示,FINS、空腹血糖（FBG）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）是影响FDR组胰岛素抵抗的独立危险因素;FBG和FINS是影响FDR组胰岛β细胞功能的独立危险因素。结论：T2DM患者一级亲属非肥胖患者在发生糖尿病之前已经存在胰岛素抵抗和胰岛分泌功能缺陷,且随着病程延长胰岛β细胞功能衰竭可能更明显。     

不同液体复苏对失血性休克大鼠血浆TNF-α、IL-1及IL-6的影响

目的探讨大鼠创伤失血性休克复苏时使用6%羟乙基淀粉与乳酸林格氏液对早期肺损伤的影响及可能机制。方法45只SD大鼠随机分为3组,假手术(sham)组、乳酸林格氏液(RL)组和万汶(6%羟乙基淀粉,130/0.4,HES)组,每组15只。Sham组仅动静脉置管。RL组和HES组失血性休克后分别用乳酸林格氏液和6%羟乙基淀粉复苏,复苏2小时后取血测定血浆TNF-α、IL-1及IL-6,并处死动物取肺组织进行肺W/D比值测定和肺病理学检查。结果各实验组休克复苏2小时后血浆TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6以及肺W/D比值均较sham组高(p<0.05),光镜下肺病理损害严重;HES组复苏后维持MAP80～90mmHg所需液体较RL组明显减少(p<0.05);HES组血浆TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6水平及肺W/D比值均较RL组低(p<0.05);HES组肺病理损伤较RL组轻。结论大鼠创伤失血性休克后血浆TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6水平增高,并与肺损伤的严重程度密切相关。6%羟乙基淀粉复苏较乳酸林格氏液复苏能部分抑制炎症反应,减轻急性肺损伤。     

巧做冰囊

高热病人行物理降温时，常在大血管处放置冰袋或头枕冰袋。临床护理人员常将一些废弃的液体袋放在冰箱里冷冻，但这样的冰袋数量比较少，而且也不方便。笔者发现了一种冰袋，可以用来为病人行物理降温，应用于38例病人，效果明显，经济方便。     

腰椎峡部重建内固定器的设计及应用实验

目的 探讨腰椎峡部重建内固定器治疗腰椎峡部不连的临床应用可行性及价值,为其临床应用奠定基础. 方法 取健康山羊16只,体重22.65～31.22 kg,建立L5腰椎峡部不连动物模型.将动物随机分为2组,每组8只,分别为单纯植骨组(于峡部不连处单纯植入自体髂骨0.8～1.1 g)和内固定植骨组(先安装内固定器再于峡部不连处植入自体髂骨0.8～1.1 g).于术后8周处死动物行影像学、大体和组织学观察.同时进行生物力学实验:取自愿捐赠椎体标本5个,来源于男4例,女1例;年龄35～51岁.于L5椎体左峡部横断,造成腰椎峡部不连模型.将微型位移传感器置于峡部断端,电子万能试验机模拟腰椎峡部重建内固定器施力方向,以2 mm,min的速度匀速加载,用动态数据采集分析仪同步收集峡部断端的形变值.全部加载直至标本发生骨破坏,观察位移传感器是否发生形变及腰椎峡部断端处是否发生闭合. 结果 实验动物均无凶手术原因造成的神经损伤或死亡,术后麻醉清醒后即活动,无伤口感染发生.术后8周腰椎双斜位X线片和大体观察均显示,内固定植骨组峡部融合率为100%,显著高于单纯植骨组的62.5%(P<0.05).组织学观察示,单纯植骨组3只峡部未融合动物腰椎峡部断端骨小梁骨陷窝空虚,骨细胞消失;内固定植骨组峡部断裂处骨小梁连接成网状,小梁问为骨髓组织,骨小梁局部呈现不同程度的"镶嵌样"结构.椎体标本生物力学测试与数据处理结果 显不,匀速加载过程中,当外载荷为40 N时,位移传感器发生形变,腰椎峡部断端缝隙开始闭合;随着外载荷进一步加大,传感器位移呈线性上升趋势;当外载荷为212N时,位移传感器不再发生形变,腰椎峡部断端缝隙完全闭合,紧密接触,开始呈现加压效应. 结论 腰椎峡部重建内固定器具有明显的稳压和加压的双重力学功效,且融合率高.     

脐血干细胞移植对大鼠脊髓损伤后神经再生和后肢运动功能的影响

200表达显著增加,并且后肢运动功能均有较明显的恢复.结论 脐血干细胞移植可以促进脊髓损伤大鼠轴突再生和后肢运动功能恢复.本课题将为临床上治疗脊髓损伤这一疑难疾患提供了一种新思路.     

Thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum caused by skeletal fluorosis

Thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) caused by skeletal fluorosis is rare. Only six patients had been reported in the English literature. This study reports findings from the first clinical series of this disease. This was a retrospective study of patients with thoracic OLF due to skeletal fluorosis who underwent surgical management at the authors' hospital between 1993 and 2003. Diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis was made based on the epidemic history, clinical symptoms, radiographic findings, and urinalysis. En bloc laminectomy decompression of the involved thoracic levels was performed in all cases. Cervical open door decompression or lumbar laminectomy decompression was performed if relevant stenosis was present. Neurological status was evaluated preoperatively, at the third day postoperatively, and at the end point of follow-up using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system of motor function of the lower extremities. A total of 23 cases were enrolled, 16 (69.6%) males and 7 (30.4%) females, age ranging from 42 to 72 years (mean 54.8 years). All patients came from a high-fluoride area, and 22 (95.7%) had dental fluorosis. Medical imaging showed OLF together with ossification of many ligaments and interosseous membranes, including interosseous membranes of the forearm (18/23 patients 78.3%), leg (14/23 patients 60.9%), and ribs (11/23 patients 47.8%). OLF was classified into five types based on MRI findings: localized (4/23 patients 17.4%), continued (12/23 patients 52.2%), skip (3/23 patients 13.0%), combining with anterior pressure (2/23 patients 8.7%), and combining with cervical and/or lumbar stenosis (2/23 patients, 8.7%). Urinalysis showed a markedly high urinary fluoride level in 14 of 23 patients (60.9%). Patients were followed up for an average duration of 4 years, 5 months. Paired t-test showed that the JOA score was slightly but nonsignificantly increased relative to preoperative measurement 3 days after surgery (P = 0.0829) and significantly increased at the end of follow-up (P = 0.0001). In conclusion, Fluorosis can cause ossification of thoracic ligamentum flavum, as well as other ligaments. Comparing with other OLF series, a larger number of spinal segments were involved. The diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis was made by the epidemic history, clinical symptom, imaging study findings, and urinalysis. En bloc laminectomy decompression was an effective method.