Hippocampal damage and cytoskeletal disruption resulting from impaired energy metabolism

To determine if impaired energy metabolism might contribute to some aspects of Alzheimer disease (AD), including the vulnerability of the CA1 region of the hippocampal formation and the altered cytoskeleton evident in neurofibrillary tangles, we examined the effects of metabolic poisons on neuronal damage and cytoskeletal disruption in the hippocampal formation. Intrahippocampal injection of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) and malonic acid resulted in neuronal death, particularly in CA1. Cytoskeletal disruption included loss of dendritic MAP2, but sparing of axonal τ. MK-801 (a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist) did not atenuate the lesions produced by intrahippocampal injection of malonate. MK-801, however, was effective against intrastriatal malonate. Acute systemic 3-NP resulted in neuronal damage and cytoskeletal disruption in the CA1 region of the hippocampal formation, including an extensive loss of MAP2 immuno-reactivity, but sparing of τ. The neuronal loss in CA1 was delayed as compared to striatum. Chronic intraventricular infusion of 3-NP produced a different pattern of neuronal damage. Loss of τ-1 immuno-reactivity was observed in CA3 and CA1 s. oriens, whereas MAP2 immunostaining was preserved. These results demonstrate that chronic and acute administration of metabolic inhibitors produce distinct patterns of neuronal damage and cytoskeletal disruption. The results further suggest a differential involvement of the NMDA receptor in malonate-induced neuronal damage in striatum as compared to the hippocampus. The pattern of neuronal damage and cytoskeletal disruption observed following acute metabolic impairment resembled some aspects of neurofibrillary pathology in AD, but did not result in τ hyperphosphorylation.     

Hypoxia effects on vascular endothelial growth factor derived epithelial cells of nasal polyps]

OBJECTIVE: To understand the role of nasal mucous epithelial cells to hypoxia in early stage of nasal polyps(NP) formation. METHODS: Epithelial cells of NP and inferior turbinate (IT) were cultured without serum under normal oxygen and hypoxia, and stimulus of inflammatory cytokines. Erythropoietin (EPO) was regarded as hypoxia mark, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) mRNA and protein derived from epithelial cells were detected respectively by in situ hybridization and ELISA. RESULTS: 1. Under hypoxia, EPO mRNA was expressed intensely in epithelial cells from NP and IT, and there was no significant difference between both of them. This result suggested that EPO might be regarded as a hypoxic mark. 2. The ability of producing VEGF mRNA increased with cytokines stimulation, especially under hypoxia. Protein level of VEGF from epithelial cells of NP and IT increased with cytokines stimulation, especially in hypoxia and was time-dependent. CONCLUSION: Epithelial cells actively produce vast VEGF under hypoxia. The VEGF induced by hypoxia of the mucosa in middle meatus is of importance in the formation of nasal polyps(NP) in early stage, which may be the major cause of NP formation in middle meatus.     

膀胱肿瘤2350例临床病理学特点分析

目的 探讨膀胱肿瘤的发病现状、总体趋势和病理特点.方法 整理1980-2007年2350例膀胱肿瘤病理档案,分为1980-1989、1990-1999和2000-2007年3个时间段.应用SPSS 13.0软件分析3时间段患者性别、年龄及肿瘤组织学类型间的关系.结果 2350例膀胱肿瘤中男1854例,女496例.良性92例,恶性2258例,膀胱恶性肿瘤的发病人数逐年上升.发病高峰年龄从50～69岁推迟到60～79岁.1980-1989、1990-1999和2000-2007年3个时间段中男、女恶性肿瘤病例数分别为524例和113例(4.64:11 00)、589例和164例(3.59:1.00)、675例和193例(3.50:1.00),男性约为女性的3.80倍;3时间段男性发生膀胱尿路上皮癌年龄分别为(57.5±11.7)、(62.6±12.3)、(65.9±11.3)岁,女性分别为(58.7±13.6)、(60.7±12.1)、(65.8±12.0)岁,男女各年龄段分别比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).男性发生鳞状细胞癌、尿路上皮癌和腺癌年龄分别为(68.05±9.7)、(59.85±14.1)、(63.4±9.9)岁,差异有统计学意义(P相似文献   

术后患者做C-反应蛋白检测必要性的探讨

目的讨论C-反应蛋白（CRP）对术后患者的临床应用。方法用Orion Diagnostica透射比浊法检测200例术后患者血清中的CRP水平并观察其数值变化。结果感染组和非感染组CRP差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。治疗前后比较，CRP在好转组治疗后明显减低，而恶化组治疗数值升高。结论CRP对术后患者感染诊断的特异性较差，但与炎症反应严重程度有一定关系，且对治疗效果及预后判断有一定指导意义。     

六味地黄汤加味治疗黄褐斑51例临床观察

目的：观察六味地黄汤加味治疗女性黄褐斑的临床疗效及对血清性激素水平的调节作用。方法：101例患者随机分为对照组50例，治疗组51例。对照组内服维生素C、维生素E，治疗组在对照组的基础上内服六味地黄汤加味。观察临床疗效及血清性激素[雌二醇（B2）、促卵泡素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）]水平变化。结果：总有效率治疗组为92．16％，对照组为70．00％，2组比较，差异有显著性意义。2组治疗后色斑评分均明显减少，与治疗前比较，差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。2组治疗后评分及下降差值比较，差异也有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。2组治疗后性激素水平均明显下降，与治疗前比较，差异均有显著性意义（P〈O．05）；2组治疗后比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论：女性黄褐斑患者的发病与性激素水平改变有关，六味地黄汤加味有很好的调节内分泌的作用，能有效治疗女性黄褐斑。     

急诊应用抗生素情况的调查分析

目的了解我院急诊应用抗生素的情况,促进合理用药。方法采取回顾性调查方法,随机抽取我院2008年4月～6月份急诊处方2 186张,统计急诊应用抗生素的综合情况,分析抗生素应用中存在的不合理现象。结果成人应用抗生素以氟喹诺酮类和克林霉素居首位,其次是头孢菌素类,儿童主要应用头孢菌素类。给药方式绝大部分为静脉给药,达八成以上。不合理用药问题主要有:给药方法不合理、指征不明确、配伍不合理等。结论我院急诊抗生素应用仍有部分偏高,存在不合理应用现象。改变现状需要广大医务人员的共同努力,临床药师应发挥积极的作用。     

血管内皮生长因子在高原脑水肿形成中作用的实验研究

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在高原脑水肿形成中的作用。方法:建立大鼠模拟高原模型,应用脑干湿重比率法定量脑水肿情况、应用荧光素钠透过率测定BBB通透性、应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检测脑组织VEGF mRNA含量以及应用蛋白印迹法半定量脑组织VEGF含量。结果:大鼠在高原24 h后脑组织含水率明显增高(P<0.05),荧光素钠透过率显著增加(P<0.01);VEGF mRNA转录及其表达显著增高(P<0.001)。结论:VEGF表达在高原脑水肿形成中起重要作用。     

不同采血针对新生儿足跟采血成功率的影响

目的：探讨不同采血针在新生儿疾病筛查采血中的采血效果。方法：采用三种采血针分别对2126例（A组）、1786例（B组）、1471例（C组）新生儿进行足跟采血，比较其采血成功率。结果：A、B、C三组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：采用7号一次性注射针头采血（C组）可明显提高采血成功率。     

早期DSA检查对蛛网膜下腔出血的临床意义

蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoid hemorrhage，SAH）是临床发病率和死亡率均较高的急性脑血管病之一，并呈逐年增高趋势。随着神经介入影像学的发展，对急性SAH患早期（72h内1开展数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography．DSA）检查，使SAH的早期病因诊断及病因治疗成为可能，患的预后也得到显改善。我院自2003年1月至2006年4月收治96例SAH患行早期DSA检查并给予相应的病因治疗．取得较好的临床疗效。现将有关资料与临床治疗总结报道如下。[第一段]