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O’Beirne Sarah L. Chazen J. Levi Cornman-Homonoff Joshua Carey Bridget T. Gelbman Brian D. 《Lung》2019,197(6):727-733
Lung - Diaphragmatic paralysis (DP) is an important cause of dyspnea with many underlying etiologies; however, frequently no cause is identified despite extensive investigation. We hypothesized... 相似文献
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Bridget A. Bagert 《Current neurology and neuroscience reports》2009,9(5):405-410
Recent seroepidemiologic and pathologic evidence suggests that prior infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may be necessary
for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). EBV infects more than 90% of all humans, most of whom remain healthy. In contrast,
99% of MS patients have evidence of prior infection with EBV. EBV infects resting B lymphocytes, immortalizing them into long-lived
memory B cells that survive largely undetected by the immune system in the peripheral circulation. MS patients show elevated
titers to EBV years before developing any neurologic symptoms. Postmortem pathologic analysis of brains of patients with MS
has revealed diffuse EBV-associated B-cell dysregulation in all forms of MS. Theories of pathogenesis of EBV in MS include
antigenic mimicry, immortalization of B-cell clones, and cytotoxic T-cell dysfunction against virally infected B cells. This
article reviews the existing evidence of the relationship between EBV and MS and considers the therapeutic implication of
this evidence. 相似文献
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Vasopressin (AVP) receptor binding within hypothalamic sites was compared between cycling and lactating female golden hamsters. The density of AVP receptor binding was analyzed by quantitative autoradiography within the ventrolateral hypothalamus and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Lactation was correlated with a disappearance of AVP receptor binding within the ventrolateral hypothalamus. In contrast, lactation was associated with a two- to three-fold increase in the density of AVP receptor binding within the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. These results suggest that AVP receptor binding within the ventrolateral hypothalamus is responsive to gonadal hormones in female golden hamsters. However, the increase in binding observed within the dorsomedial hypothalamus may be related to other neurobiological changes associated with lactation. 相似文献
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Hypertrophic smooth muscle in the partially obstructed opossum esophagus. Excitability and electrophysiological properties 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Partial obstruction of the opossum esophagus leads to thickening of the circular muscle, hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells, and diminution of the extracellular space. The pharmacological and electrophysiological properties of this hypertrophied muscle were studied. Carbachol produced phasic and tonic contractions of the circular muscle. The EC50 for tonic contractions was greater for hypertrophied than for normal muscle (21.1 +/- 3.9 mumol/L vs. 4.8 +/- 2.2 mumol/L; P less than 0.05). The resting membrane potential difference of hypertrophied muscle (-50.8 +/- 0.2 mV) was similar to that of normal muscle (-50.0 +/- 0.2 mV). Electrical stimulation of intrinsic nerves in the normal muscle produced a hyperpolarization followed by a depolarization of smooth muscle membrane potential. Hypertrophied muscle responded either with an attenuated hyperpolarization or no hyperpolarization, both of which were followed by a depolarization. The space constant in the long axes of the hypertrophied circular muscle cells was greater than normal (4.4 +/- 0.2 mm vs. 3.4 +/- 0.1 mm; P less than 0.001). The threshold potential for initiation of action potentials was more negative for hypertrophied (-43.2 +/- 0.4 mV) than for normal circular muscle (-41.6 +/- 0.2 mV; P less than 0.005). These data indicate that alterations in neuromuscular function accompany the hypertrophy of esophageal smooth muscle. 相似文献
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