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1.
The present study was performed in order to follow the response of astroglial cells in the rat hippocampus to chronic low-level lead exposure. The experiments combined immunohistochemistry using anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody and conventional transmission electron microscopy (EM). Chronic administration with drinking water [1 g% w/v (subclinical dose) of lead acetate dissolved in distilled water] was started through the mother's milk when pups were 7 days old. Following weaning, experimental offspring were treated for 3 months with the same concentration of adulterated water. The group of intoxicated animals and their controls were sacrificed by perfusion-fixation at 30, 60, and 90 days of exposure. After 60 days of lead treatment, staining of GFAP-positive cells demonstrated an astroglial transformation from the quiescent to the reactive state, characterized by an increase in GFAP. In control rats no changes in GFAP immunostaining were observed. The intensity of the astroglial response was enhanced after 90 days of lead intoxication, showing an increment of GFAP immunoreactivity. Quantification of these changes was made by computerized image analysis, confirming that the sectional areas of the astroglia in lead-exposed animals were larger than those in controls. These results are consistent with the ultrastructural alterations. Simultaneously with the increment in gliofilaments, intranuclear inclusions were seen in some astrocytes. The mechanisms by which lead affects astrocytes are unknown. Probably the astroglial changes induced by lead intoxication produce microenvironmental modifications that may disturb the neuronal function. 相似文献
2.
Xiao Liu Xiaohong Meng Lizhu Yang Yanling Long Yu Fujinami‐Yokokawa Jiayun Ren Toshihide Kurihara Kazuo Tsubota Kazushige Tsunoda Kaoru Fujinami Shiying Li East Asia Inherited Retinal Disease Society Study Group 《American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics》2020,184(3):694-707
Stargardt disease 1 (STGD1) is the most prevalent retinal dystrophy caused by pathogenic biallelic ABCA4 variants. Forty‐two unrelated patients mostly originating from Western China were recruited. Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations, including visual acuity measurements (subjective function), fundus autofluorescence (retinal imaging), and full‐field electroretinography (objective function), were performed. Next‐generation sequencing (target/whole exome) and direct sequencing were conducted. Genotype grouping was performed based on the presence of deleterious variants. The median age of onset/age was 10.0 (5–52)/29.5 (12–72) years, and the median visual acuity in the right/left eye was 1.30 (0.15–2.28)/1.30 (0.15–2.28) in the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution unit. Ten patients (10/38, 27.0%) showed confined macular dysfunction, and 27 (27/37, 73.7%) had generalized retinal dysfunction. Fifty‐eight pathogenic/likely pathogenic ABCA4 variants, including 14 novel variants, were identified. Eight patients (8/35, 22.8%) harbored multiple deleterious variants, and 17 (17/35, 48.6%) had a single deleterious variant. Significant associations were revealed between subjective functional, retinal imaging, and objective functional groups, identifying a significant genotype–phenotype association. This study illustrates a large phenotypic/genotypic spectrum in a large well‐characterized STGD1 cohort. A distinct genetic background of the Chinese population from the Caucasian population was identified; meanwhile, a genotype–phenotype association was similarly represented. 相似文献
3.
Background
Results of previous autopsy studies indicate that increased hepatic iron stores or hepatic iron overload is common in African Americans dying in hospitals, but there are no reports of hepatic iron content in other cohorts of African Americans. 相似文献4.
Early introduction of allergenic foods for the prevention of food allergy from an Asian perspective—An Asia Pacific Association of Pediatric Allergy,Respirology & Immunology (APAPARI) consensus statement
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Elizabeth Huiwen Tham Lynette Pei‐Chi Shek Hugo PS Van Bever Pakit Vichyanond Motohiro Ebisawa Gary WK Wong Bee Wah Lee the Asia Pacific Association of Pediatric Allergy Respirology & Immunology 《Pediatric allergy and immunology》2018,29(1):18-27
Emerging evidence for the early introduction of allergenic foods for the prevention of food allergies, such as peanut allergy in Western populations, has led to the recent publication of guidelines in the USA and Europe recommending early peanut introduction for high‐risk infants with severe eczema or egg allergy. Peanut allergy is, however, much less prevalent in Asia compared to the West. Varying patterns of food allergy are seen even within Asian countries—such as a predominance of wheat allergy in Japan and Thailand and shellfish allergy in Singapore and the Philippines. Customs and traditions, such as diet and infant feeding practices, also differ between Asian populations. Hence, there are unique challenges in adapting guidelines on early allergenic food introduction to the Asian setting. In this paper, we review the evidence and discuss the possible approaches to guide the timely introduction of allergenic food in high‐risk infants in Asia. 相似文献
5.
Govind K Makharia Chris J J Mulder Khean Lee Goh Vineet Ahuja Julio C Bai Carlo Catassi Peter H R Green Siddhartha Datta Gupta Knut E A Lundin Balakrishnan Siddartha Ramakrishna Ramakant Rawat Hanish Sharma Ajit Sood Chikako Watanabe Peter R Gibson World Gastroenterology Organization‐Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology Working Party on Celiac Disease 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》2014,29(4):666-677
6.
Alsayed Salma N. Alharbi Asia G. Alhejaili Asrar S. Aljukhlub Reham J. Al-Amoudi Danih H. Ashankyty Asma I. Alzahrani Mansour A. Zughaibi Torki A. Alharbi Omar A. Kheyami Ali M. Helmi Nawal M. Tobaiqy Mansour A. Hershan Almonther A. Watson David G. Al-Asmari Ahmed I. 《Forensic Toxicology》2022,40(1):19-48
Forensic Toxicology - This review presents the current methods used for determining ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) concentrations in postmortem specimens, including sample... 相似文献
7.
8.
Carles Ubeda Vanni Bucci Silvia Caballero Ana Djukovic Nora C. Toussaint Michele Equinda Lauren Lipuma Lilan Ling Asia Gobourne Daniel No Ying Taur Robert R. Jenq Marcel R. M. van den Brink Joao B. Xavier Eric G. Pamer 《Infection and immunity》2013,81(3):965-973
Bacteria causing infections in hospitalized patients are increasingly antibiotic resistant. Classical infection control practices are only partially effective at preventing spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria within hospitals. Because the density of intestinal colonization by the highly antibiotic-resistant bacterium vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) can exceed 109 organisms per gram of feces, even optimally implemented hygiene protocols often fail. Decreasing the density of intestinal colonization, therefore, represents an important approach to limit VRE transmission. We demonstrate that reintroduction of a diverse intestinal microbiota to densely VRE-colonized mice eliminates VRE from the intestinal tract. While oxygen-tolerant members of the microbiota are ineffective at eliminating VRE, administration of obligate anaerobic commensal bacteria to mice results in a billionfold reduction in the density of intestinal VRE colonization. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of intestinal bacterial populations isolated from mice that cleared VRE following microbiota reconstitution revealed that recolonization with a microbiota that contains Barnesiella correlates with VRE elimination. Characterization of the fecal microbiota of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation demonstrated that intestinal colonization with Barnesiella confers resistance to intestinal domination and bloodstream infection with VRE. Our studies indicate that obligate anaerobic bacteria belonging to the Barnesiella genus enable clearance of intestinal VRE colonization and may provide novel approaches to prevent the spread of highly antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 相似文献
9.
Asia N Rashed Lynda Wilton Charles C H Lo Benjamin Y S Kwong Suzanne Leung Ian C K Wong 《British journal of clinical pharmacology》2014,77(5):873-879
Aims
A drug-related problem (DRP) is ‘an event or circumstance involving drug therapy that actually or potentially interferes with the desired health outcome’. The extent and characteristics of DRPs in children in Hong Kong are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of and identify risk factors for DRPs in hospitalized children in Hong Kong.Methods
This was a prospective cohort study in children aged 0–18 years who were admitted to a medical ward, paediatric intensive care unit or neonatal intensive care unit of seven Hong Kong hospitals, during a 3 month period. Patients'' charts, medical records and laboratory data were reviewed daily to identify DRPs; their preventability and severity were assessed. Logistic regression was used to analyse potential risk factors associated with the incidence of DRPs.Results
Three hundred and twenty-nine children (median age, 2 years; interquartile range, 0 months to 9 years) were included. In total, 82 DRPs were experienced by 69 patients. The overall incidence of DRPs was 21.0% (95% confidence interval, 16.7–25.8%). The incidence was higher in neonatal and paediatric intensive care units than medical wards. Dosing problems were the most frequently reported DRPs (n = 35; 42.7%), followed by drug choice problems (n = 19; 23.2%) and adverse drug reactions (n = 11; 13.4%). Sixty-seven (81.7%) DRP cases were assessed as preventable, 42 (51.2%) as minor and 40 (48.8%) as moderate. The number of prescribed drugs and ‘certain infectious and parasitic diseases’ were potential risk factors for occurrence of DRPs.Conclusions
Drug-related problems were common in hospitalized children in this study in Hong Kong; the most frequent were dosing and drug choice problems, and the majority of them were preventable. Polypharmacy and ‘certain infectious and parasitic diseases’ were potential risk factors. 相似文献10.
TzungDau Wang ChihKuo Lee YookChin Chia Kelvin Tsoi Peera Buranakitjaroen ChenHuan Chen HaoMin Cheng Jam Chin Tay Boon Wee Teo Yuda Turana Guru Prasad Sogunuru JiGuang Wang Kazuomi Kario the HOPE Asia Network 《Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)》2021,23(3):481
The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) is above 40% in both Asian and non‐Asian male populations after the age of 40 years. The prevalence of ED among hypertensive patients is approximately double than that in normotensive population. Pelvic arterial insufficiency is the predominant cause of ED in men aged over 50 years. Stenosis in any segment of the iliac–pudendal–penile arterial system, which is considered an erectile‐related arterial axis, could lead to ED. Pharmacotherapy with lifestyle modification is effective in alleviating sexual dysfunction, yet a substantial number of patients still develop ED. Given the established applicability of angioplasty for the entire iliac–pudendal–penile arterial system, penile duplex ultrasound, and pelvic computed tomography angiography could be considered as the routine screening tools in ED patients with poor response to phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors. Endovascular therapy for pelvic arterial insufficiency‐related ED has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment option in patients who have anatomically suitable vessels and functionally significant stenoses. Clinical improvement was achieved in over 60% of patients at one year following pelvic angioplasty in the PERFECT registry from Taiwan. A 30%‐40% restenosis rate in distal internal pudendal and penile arteries remains a hurdle. Angioplasty for pelvic arterial occlusive disease could be considered as a viable approach to arteriogenic ED. 相似文献