研究在体关节软骨营养来源的动物模型

目的 建立局部阻断关节软骨营养的动物模型.方法 将40只5月龄雄性新西兰大白兔随机分5组:保持软骨的关节液营养和软骨下骨营养组(Control组,n=8);假手术对照组(Sham组,n=8);阻断软骨的关节液营养组(DNSF组,n=8);阻断软骨的软骨下骨营养组(DNBM 组,n=8);阻断软骨的关节液和软骨下骨营养组(DNSY+ DNBM组,n=8).术后2周每组随机取3只(6膝),关节腔内注射入墨水,自由活动1d,处死动物,观察内植物的阻断效果;术后4周每组5只(10膝),过量麻醉处死动物,取出膝关节,进行大体评分,并对软骨组织进行组织学评分,免疫组织化学染色.结果 术后2周关节腔内墨水未渗入内植物与骨软骨间隙,提示阻断效果确切;术后4周,大体研究和组织学研究提示,与Control组比较,DNSF组软骨退变明显(P＜0.01),DNBM组软骨未见明显退变(P＞0.01);与DNBM组比较,DNSF组软骨退变明显.结论成功建立局部阻断兔关节软骨各种营养途径的动物模型;失去关节液的营养后,关节软骨表现出早期退变迹象.     

在体阻断软骨下营养对关节软骨影响的实验研究

背景：关节软骨无血管分布,其营养来自关节液和软骨下骨,哪条营养通路对关节软骨更为重要是学者们争论的焦点。目的：研究软骨下营养对关节软骨的影响,并探讨软骨下营养与骨关节炎的关系。方法：45只5个月龄雄性新西兰大白兔,建立股骨滑车骨软骨缺损的动物模型,并随机分为3组：自体骨软骨块移植组（Control组,n=15）;假手术组（Sham组,n=15）,用环钻在股骨滑车钻取骨软骨块,将其置入管状PVC内,原位回植;阻断软骨下营养组（DNBM组,n=15）,取出骨软骨后,将其置入帽状PVC内,原位回植。术后4周、8周、12周,每组5只（10膝）,取出膝关节进行大体评分、组织学评分、软骨厚度测量、凋亡染色（TUNEL染色）。结果：与Control组相比,大体评分结果提示,DNBM组软骨无明显退变;组织学评分结果提示,术后12周时DNBM组软骨明显退变（P〈0.005）;软骨厚度测量结果提示,术后8周、12周时DNBM组软骨厚度明显变小（P=0.00）;TUNEL染色结果提示,术后8周、12周时DNBM组关节软骨细胞凋亡明显增加（P〈0.01）。结论：软骨下营养是软骨的重要营养来源,失去软骨下营养,软骨会逐渐发生退变。     

钽棒置入治疗股骨头坏死的疗效分析及预后模型建立

BACKGROUND: Porous tantalum implantation is a novel treatment method for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), but its therapeutic effect is under discussion. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the survival data of two kinds of porous tantalum implants for early- and mid-stage ONFH, and to determine the independent prognostic factors. METHODS: Thirty-four cases of ARCO stages I-III ONFH were enrolled, and 25 patients (31 hips) were treated with porous tantalum implantation (simple group), and the other 9 patients (10 hips) treated with porous tantalum implantation combined with bone allograft (combination group). Afterwards, the Harris scores and total survival rate of hips were recorded; the prognostic factors were analyzed by Cox regression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mean follow-up time in the simple and combination groups was (32.9 ±16.8) and (25.3±12.4) months respectively. The Harris scores at the last follow-up in the two groups were both higher than those before surgery, and moreover, the scores were higher in the simple group than the combination group (P < 0.05). The total survival rate of hips significantly differed between groups (P=0.014). Cox regression showed that the history of hormone, accompanied with other chronic diseases, and adverse reactions made effects on the prognosis. These results suggest that porous tantalum implantation is an effective treatment method for ARCO stages I-III ONFH, and it can improve the functional recovery and survival rate of the hips.     

多孔钽金属置入治疗早期股骨头坏死的研究与应用现状

BACKGROUND: Porous tantalum rod implantation is a relatively new technique that has been applied to patients with early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head, but its efficacy is mixed. OBJECTIVE: To review the etiology and pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head and the latest research progress of porous tantalum rod implantation. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI database was performed for articles related to the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head and porous tantalum rod implantation published from 1985 to 2015. The key words were “osteonecrosis of the femoral head, etiology, porous tantalum rod, tissue engineering, nanomaterials, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells” in Chinese and English in the title and abstract. Finally, 67 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The porous tantalum rod is considered effective for early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head patients in short term. More recently, the porous tantalum rod implantation combined with other therapies, such as stem cell transplantation, has developed for long-term reserving the hip in early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Therefore, we need further clinical trials for long-term follow-up to give a final clinical and socioeconomic assessment of porous tantalum rod implantation. Moreover, the most effective approach and position of porous tantalum rod implantation have not been reported until now.       

基于HRCT图像的纹理分析技术在鉴别良恶性肺部病变中的价值

【摘要】目的：探讨基于HRCT图像的纹理分析技术在鉴别良恶性孤立性肺实性病变中的价值。方法：收集69例经本院病理证实的孤立性肺实性病变（良性28例,恶性41例）患者的CT资料。所有患者术前行胸部HRCT平扫及双期增强扫描,经后处理获得5组图像,包括骨和软组织重建算法平扫肺窗图像及平扫、动脉期和静脉期软组织重建算法纵隔窗图像。采用MaZda软件通过手动勾画ROI的方式提取病变的纹理特征参数,纹理特征选择方法包括Fisher系数、分类错误概率联合平均相关系数（POE+ACC）、交互信息（MI）及上述3种方法联合法（FPM）。纹理特征分类统计方法包括原始数据分析（RDA）、主成分分析（PCA）、线性分类分析（LDA）和非线性分类分析（NDA）。各纹理特征参数的诊断结果以误判率形式表示。结果：5组HRCT图像中,对良恶性肺部病变有鉴别诊断意义的纹理特征参数主要来自软组织重建算法肺窗及静脉期纵隔窗图像。特征选择方法中,Fisher系数、POE+ACC和MI及FPM鉴别两类病变的误判率分别为10.14%～44.93%、10.14%～52.17%、10.14%～42.03%及7.25%～50.72%。特征统计方法中,NDA对两种病变的误判率（7.25%～17.39%）较RDA（21.74%～50.72%）、PCA（27.54%～52.17%）和LDA（8.70%～36.23%）均低。结论：基于HRCT图像的纹理分析方法能为孤立性肺实性良恶性病变的诊断提供更多有价值的信息,有助于提高HRCT对肺部实性病变的诊断准确性。     

自体与同种异体骨-髌腱-骨移植重建前交叉韧带早期MRI的对比观察

目的比校自体与同种异体骨-髌腱-骨(B-PT-B)移植之间存在的差异。方法按病例入选标准选出重建ACL患者50例,其中A组20例采用自体B-PT-B移植,B组30例采用同种异体B-PT-B移植,术后1周与术后1.5,3,6,9,12,15,18个月进行膝关节斜矢状位与斜冠状位及胫骨骨隧道斜轴状MRI扫描检查,观测移植物和胫骨骨隧道的演变过程。结果MRI动态观察,自体B-PT-B在体内重塑形的过程需12个月,而同种异体B-PT-B需15-18个月。移植骨瓣与骨隧道之间产生骨性愈合的时间自体组在术后3-6个月,同种异体组在术后6-12个月。术后两组各时限均有胫骨骨隧道扩大现象出现,其主要发生部位在胫骨骨隧道内口附近;其骨隧道扩大程度两组各时限均无统计学差异(均P>0.05);与术后3,6,9个月比较,两组胫骨骨隧道扩大程度均以术后6周最为显著(均P<0.05)。结论同种异体B-PT-B在人体内重塑的速率较自体B-PT-B慢,自体与同种异体B-PT-B移植重建ACL术后胫骨骨隧道扩大的程度基本相当。     

CT引导下经皮空心加压螺钉内固定治疗新鲜舟骨骨折

[目的]探讨采用CT引导下经皮空心加压螺钉内固定治疗新鲜腕舟骨骨折的方法与疗效。[方法]2007年5月～2012年4月期间,本院采用CT引导下经皮加压螺钉内固定术治疗新鲜腕舟骨骨折24例(Herbert A1型7例,A2型13例,B2型4例,其中2例合并桡骨远端骨折)。患者取仰卧位,进行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉。采用拇长、短伸肌腱之间作为进针点,CT引导下沿舟骨长轴线斜行钻入克氏针,观察导针位置并在AW 4.0工作站测量钻入导针的长度,据此长度经空心钻扩髓后拧入空心加压螺钉。[结果]手术时间21～45 min(平均32 min)。19例患者获得随访,随访时间8～24个月,平均16个月。随访患者腕背小切口均甲级愈合,无感染及瘢痕形成,X线片示螺钉位置好且断端均骨性愈合,愈合时间7.5～12周,平均9周。无1例发生舟骨缺血性坏死、螺钉断裂及桡腕关节炎等并发症,改良Mayo评分结果示14例优,3例良,2例可,优良率为89.4%。[结论]CT引导下经皮空心加压螺钉内固定治疗新鲜舟骨骨折手术时间短、创伤小、导针定位准确、内固定稳定,骨折愈合率高且并发症少,疗效可靠。     

肝内周围型胆管细胞癌42例MSCT诊断分析

肝内周围型胆管细胞癌（Intrahepatic Peripheral Cholangiocarcin-oma,IHPCC）是指发生在包括二级胆管在内的未梢侧肝内小胆管上皮性的腺癌,是原发性肝癌的一种少见组织类型,临床表现及实验室检查无特异性,早期发现较为困难,术前诊断准确率低,手术治愈率低,预后差。     

同种异体血清体外培养兔膝关节软骨细胞的增殖

背景:兔关节软骨细胞体外单层培养采用胎牛血清培养基易去分化,有必要寻找合适培养基来提高兔关节软骨细胞培养质量。目的:观察同种异体兔血清对体外培养的兔膝关节软骨细胞增殖能力的影响。方法:以0.4%链霉蛋白酶和0.025%Ⅱ型胶原酶分离成年兔膝关节软骨细胞,将获得的软骨细胞随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组以体积分数10%异体兔血清+DMEM/F12培养;对照组以体积分数10%胎牛血清+DMEM/F12培养,传代培养至4代。结果与结论:实验组前4代软骨细胞增殖较对照组慢,但软骨细胞形态未发生明显改变而对照组软骨细胞出现去分化现象。提示体积分数10%异体兔血清培养利于维持软骨细胞增殖和形态的稳定,是较好的获取大量优良软骨细胞的体外培养方式。     

Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原膜联合自体骨髓间充质干细胞修复兔膝关节软骨缺损

研究表明Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅲ型胶原都有利于骨髓间充质干细胞的黏附、增殖和分化.目的:观察Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原膜联合自体骨髓间充质干细胞修复兔膝关节软骨缺损的可行性.方法:取24只新西兰大白兔制作双膝股骨滑车直径3.8 mm、深2 mm关节软骨缺损模型,分为2组:实验组缺损区植入Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原膜-自体骨髓间充质干细胞复合物,对照组缺损区植入单纯Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原膜.结果与结论:膝关节股骨标本组织学染色显示,实验组植入8周时为类透明软骨修复,12周时接近于正常软骨;对照组植入8周时以纤维样组织修复为主,12周时为纤维软骨修复.实验组植入后8,12周组织学评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.001).表明运用Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原膜-自体骨髓间充质干细胞复合物可修复关节软骨缺损.