非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在冠心病并发左心室功能不全患者中的应用价值

目的 评价非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OP-CABG)在冠心病并发左心室功能不全患者中的应用价值.方法 选择冠心病并发左心室功能不全患者111例,术前左心室射血功能(LVEF)均＜40％,按治疗方式的不同分为A组及B组,A组接受OP-CABG,B组接受并行体外循环下心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(OnPBH-CABG).比较两组围术期临床资料.结果 两组均死亡2例.两组术后呼吸功能不全、中枢神经功能障碍的发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但A组心肌梗死及肾衰竭发生率低于B组(P＜0.05).A组使用主动脉球囊反搏比例、围术期输血量、呼吸机辅助呼吸时间、重症监护室停留时间及住院费用均少于B组(P＜0.05).结论 对于LVEF＜ 40％的冠心病并发左心室功能不全患者,OP-CABG优于OnPBH-CABG,其术后并发症少,但远期预后还需进一步研究证实.     

Stanford A 型主动脉夹层手术中的主动脉根部处理

目的 总结Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术中主动脉根部处理的临床经验.方法 根据主动脉夹层累及主动脉根部的程度及主动脉根部基础病变,对59例Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人进行主动脉根部处理.Bentall手术31例,Wheat手术15例,David手术13例.结果 手术死亡1例(1.72%).术后一过性精神状态异常17例;术后感染2例,1例死亡;胸骨哆开1例;单侧下肢血供障碍1例,二期行股股分流术后恢复正常.出院前复查心脏彩超、主动脉CT血管成像及心电图,均正常.随访2～54个月,4例死于非心源性疾病,余者正常.结论 根据主动脉夹层累及主动脉根部的程度及主动脉根部基础病变,制定相应处理方案,可显著提高手安全性并改善预后.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the experience of aortic root surgery in Stanford A aortic dissection operations.Methods From January 2005 to September 2010, the clinical data of 59 patients with Stanford A aortic dissection was analyzed. There were 43 men and 16 women , ranging in age from 21 to 74 years old, duration of disease varied from 16 hours to 27 days. Among the group, 31 complicated by aortic valve incompetence, 12 Marfan syndrome, 9 single lower limb blood supply dysfunction, 6 right coronary artery involvement. All cases received aortic root surgery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Bentall procedure was performed in 31 patients, Wheat procedure in 15 patients and David procedure in 13 patients.Results The time of cardiopulmonary bypass in the group was 149 to 204 min with an average of ( 171 ± 19) min,and the cross clamp time was 81 to 122 min with an average of (104 ±13) min, and the arrest time was 30 to 47 min with an average of (39 ±7) min. There was 1 case of operative death, which was treated on an emergency basis. Postoperative complications occurred in 20 cases. 17 cases experienced temporary mental dysfunction, 2 cases were infected with MRS A, 1 of which died from MODS, 1 case of single lower limb blood supply dysfunction remained after the first operation and recovered by reoperation (bilateral femoral bypass operation) . All cases were reexamined before discharge, postoperative mean LVEF was (56. 3 ±3.4)% (ranged 51% -62%), aortic annular diameter varied from 22 mm to 27 mm, aortic sinus diameter range from 23 mm to 31mm. 51 patients were followed up, with a mean follow-up time of (24.9 ± 17.2) months (ranged 2-54 months). 54 patients of Stanford A aortic dissection survived well with normal lives and activities. Four non cardiac deaths, one was chronic renal failure, the others were brain hemorrhage. Conclusion Prognosis and operative security of Stanford A aortic dissection patients can be significantly improved by individualized aortic root surgery.     

改良全弓置换加支架象鼻术在DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层术中的应用

目的 总结改良主动脉全弓置换加支架象鼻术治疗DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层的临床经验.方法 2006年1月至2010年10月,101例DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层患者接受改良全弓置换加支架象鼻术,其中急诊手术73例.全组男性76例,女性25例;年龄21～77岁,平均(49±8)岁.手术包括升主动脉置换术31例、Bentall术29例、Wheat术7例、David术34例.支架象鼻术的同时行左锁骨下动脉开窗以重建血运.在深低温停循环时改行双侧顺行脑灌注下完成脑保护.结果 手术改良后平均心肺转流时间(212±40)min,平均心肌阻断时间(95±16)min,平均停循环时间(42±8)min.手术死亡1例,住院死亡5例,分别死于感染败血症、急性肾功能衰竭、偏瘫并发多器官功能衰竭.双侧脑灌注后脑血管意外和短暂脑神经功能障碍的发生率低于选择性脑灌注.76例患者出院前复查主动脉CT血管造影,人工血管无扭曲,血流通畅,胸降主动脉夹层假腔闭合率为78.9%.71例随访5～49个月,其中50例复查CT血管造影,胸降主动脉夹层假腔闭合率为88.0%,无晚期死亡及再次手术者.结论 改良的全弓置换加支架象鼻术治疗DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层安全、有效,可减少术后并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the clinical study of modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment to patients with DeBakey Ⅰ thoracic aortic dissection. Methods From January 2006 to October 2010, 101 cases of DeBakey Ⅰ aortic dissection were treated by modified total arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique, in which emergency surgery for 73 cases. There were 76 male and 25 female patients, aged from 21 to 77 years with a mean of(49 ±8)years. Intraoperative ascending aortic replacement in 31 cases, Bentall procedure in 29 cases, Wheat procedure in 7 cases, David procedure in 34 cases. At the same time stent elephant trunk in the left subclavian artery corresponding position was windowed to rebuild the blood supply. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest cerebral protection was completed by bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion. Results The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was(212 ±40)min, mean myocardial occlusion time was(95 ± 16)min, mean circulatory arrest time was (42 ±8)min. Operative mortality was 1 case and hospital mortality was 5 case, which died of septicemia,acute renal failure and hemiplegia complicated with multiple organ failure. Compared with selective cerebral perfusion, the incidence of postoperative cerebral vascular accident and transient neurological dysfunction decreased. Seventy-six cases received aorta CTA before discharged, the closure rate of descending thoracic aortic dissection false lumen was 78. 9%. Seventy-one patients were followed up for 5 to 49 months, 50cases was reviewed by CTA, of which closure rate of descending thoracic aortic dissection false lumen was 88.0%, no late death and re-surgery. Conclusions The modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment for patients with DeBakey Ⅰ thoracic aortic dissection was safe and effective, with less postoperative complications.     

左室心尖部限制性小切口治疗肌部多发性室间隔缺损

目的:探讨经左室心尖部限制性小切口治疗小儿肌部多发性室间隔缺损的效果.方法:13例肌部多发性室间隔缺损,于左心室心尖部少血管区距左前降支1 cm处做一短的“鱼嘴状”限制性小切口,长约1.5-2.0 cm.应用拉钩牵开室壁切口,显露室间隔缺损.所有缺损采用Dacron补片、4-0 prolene连续缝合修补.心尖切口用毛...     

同期手术治疗冠心病合并室壁瘤及二尖瓣病变

室壁瘤是冠心病心肌梗死的常见并发症。在冠状动脉搭桥的同时需通过左心室减容成形处理各类室壁瘤,对合并二尖瓣病变的也需同时处理[1]。2005年2月至2011年2月我们对42例冠心病合并室壁瘤及二尖瓣病变患者实施同期外科治疗,取得了良好效果,总结如下。     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后下肢骨筋膜室综合征的治疗

目的分析下肢切开减压和封闭式负压引流治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后下肢骨筋膜室综合征的效果。方法急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后发生下肢骨筋膜室综合征患者9例。本组患者主动脉手术后明确诊断下肢骨筋膜室综合征,即行下肢皮肤切开减压,对切开的创面进行封闭式负压引流,并辅以药物或肾替代治疗。结果死亡2例,病死率22.2%,存活的7例病人中,5例患者待肌肉肿胀消退后缝合切口,术后未出现明显并发症。结论下肢皮肤切开减压并使用封闭式负压引流是治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后发生下肢骨筋膜室综合征有效方法。     

双侧顺行与上腔逆行脑灌注在A型主动脉夹层中应用效果对比的临床研究

目的深低温停循环(DHCA)的同时顺行或逆行脑灌注,是一种行之有效的脑保护方法。在这个回顾性研究中,我们比较顺行、逆行两种方法的临床疗效。方法从2008年10月～2011年1月,63例患者行Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术,均在深低温停循环下行全弓置换。其中选择双侧顺行脑灌注的A组病人54例,B组采用上腔静脉逆灌(RCP)脑保护的病人9例。结果 B组与A组比较在手术时间、体外循环时间、心肌阻断时间、脑灌注时间差异不明显,而B组短暂脑神经功能障碍发生率、拔管时间、ICU滞留时间、住院时间有所增加。结论顺行脑灌注较上腔逆灌降低短暂脑神经功能障碍发生率从而拔管早,缩短ICU及住院时间。     

小口径组织工程血管在羊体内的远期结果

背景：对小口径组织工程血管的研究至今仍主要集中于体外构建上,体内远期结果的研究少有报道。目的：观察脱细胞猪股动脉支架和绵羊骨髓间质干细胞体外构建的小口径组织工程血管间置于骨髓间质干细胞供体绵羊体内12个月后组织学改变。方法：将12只成年绵羊随机分为支架组和再细胞化组,支架组将猪股动脉脱细胞后间置于绵羊右侧股动脉;再细胞化组将体外诱导培养的绵羊骨髓间质干细胞种植于脱细胞猪股动脉支架中,经过体外预适应所构建的小口径组织工程血管（直径〈6mm）间置于骨髓间质干细胞供体绵羊左侧股动脉;将12只绵羊的自体股动脉设为对照组。12个月后切取支架组和再细胞化组的植入物及邻近受体股动脉,行苏木精-伊红染色和扫描电镜检查,观察植入物和对照组股动脉内皮细胞及中层平滑肌细胞密度,采用邻甲酚酞络合酮法测定2组植入小口径组织工程血管和受体股动脉组织的钙含量。结果与结论：支架组和再细胞化组植入后12个月内管腔均通畅,无明显管道扩张与狭窄,无腔内血栓形成,无管壁明显增厚等改变,管道内表面均已内皮化。但2组植入物管壁均有僵硬和搏动性减弱,尤以支架组植入物管壁僵硬更明显;支架组植入物管道组织钙含量最高（P〈0.01）;支架组和再细胞化组管道中层平滑肌细胞密度均低于对照组（P〈0.01）。与支架组植入物相比,再细胞化组植入物组织钙含量较低（P〈0.05）,中层平滑肌细胞密度较高（P〈0.01）。说明利用脱细胞猪股动脉支架体外构建小口径组织工程血管时,提高中层平滑肌细胞密度有助于改善小口径组织工程血管的远期功能。     

98例主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的:总结98例主动脉夹层外科治疗的临床经验。方法:全麻深低温停循环下手术治疗DebekayⅠ型48例、Ⅱ型5例、Ⅲ型45例。其中男性52例、女性46例,年龄26-65岁,平均(52.2±5.8)岁。Ⅰ型行升主动脉、全弓置换加支架"象鼻"手术(近端单纯升主动脉置换26例、Bentall手术13例、Wheat手术7例、David手术2例),Ⅱ型行Bentall手术4例、Wheat手术1例,Ⅲ型均行支架"象鼻"手术。结果:住院死亡5例(5.10%),1例术中死于大出血,4例术后死于多脏器功能衰竭。术后偏瘫5例(5.10%)、血管吻合口出血二次开胸止血7例、急性肾功能衰竭行床边透析4例,均痊愈。12例出现短暂性神经功能障碍、8例伤口感染,处理后恢复。声音嘶哑4例。88例出院前复查64排CT见升主动脉及主动脉弓部人工血管无扭曲、血流通畅,无假性动脉瘤形成,5例慢性Ⅰ型夹层病人降主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大。82例随访6-42个月,无死亡及需要再次手术者。结论:手术治疗主动脉夹层安全、有效。     

血管旁路移植后腔内隔绝术治疗Ⅲ型复杂型主动脉夹层

目的总结联合腔内隔绝术、联合血管旁路移植术治疗Ⅲ型复杂型主动脉夹层的临床经验。方法 2010年12月腔内隔绝术联合血管旁路移植术2例。全组均为男性。年龄51～70岁,平均年龄60.5岁。术前CTA发现1例破口距左锁骨下动脉开口处<15mm,另1例破口在左锁骨下动脉根部。夹层均不同程度逆向剥离延及主动脉弓。手术分期进行先行颈部动脉重建,12h内再行腔内隔绝手术。结果术后患者恢复良好,2周出院。出院前CTA无内漏发生和支架移位。随访2例,随访时间1个月,无特殊不适。结论腔内隔绝术联合血管旁路移植术治疗Ⅲ型复杂型主动脉夹层是一种创伤小、恢复快、疗效好的治疗方法。