胃癌根治术病人围术期异体输血后外周血单核细胞CD40L表达的变化

目的 研究胃癌根治术病人围手术期异体输血外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)白细胞分化抗原40配体(CD40L)表达的变化。方法 胃癌根治术病人30例,随机分为3组,每组10例。A组围术期不输血,B组围术期输入去白细胞的全血,C组围术期输入异体全血。另选10例健康人作为对照。分别在手术前、术后2、5、10 d采外周静脉血5 ml,用Ficoll分离液梯度离心法分离出PBMCs和血浆,将PBMCs置于自身血浆环境中,并在植物血凝素(PHA,20 mg/L)的刺激下进行培养,48 h后收获细胞,用流式细胞术检测CD40L表达。结果 健康人外周血未受PHA刺激时检测不到CD40L的表达,经PHA刺激后CD40L 细胞占CD4 T细胞的百分数为1.7％±0.4％,与三组胃癌病人术前比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。与术前比较,B组术后2 d PBMCs CD40L表达升高(P<0.05),C组术后各时点升高(P<0.05);与A组比较,B组术后2 d升高(P<0.05),C组术后各时点升高(P<0.05);与B组比较,C组术后各时点升高(P<0.05)。结论 围手术期异体输血可造成免疫抑制,输异体血后CD40L表达增加,且输全血比输去白细胞的全血更明显。围手术期成分输血优于输注全血。     

输血与免疫抑制

输血是围手术期治疗的一种手段。以往对输血不良反应的认识多局限在溶血性输血反应和疾病传播,而对输血的免疫抑制作用认识不够。近年来研究表明,输血对受体的免疫调节起重要作用。本文就围手术期输血对免疫功能的影响及可能机制综述如下。1　输血与肾移植1973年,Opelz等[1]回顾性研究了肾移植患者移植肾的存活率,发现有过输血史的人,其移植肾的存活率增加20%。其后许多研究也表明,输血可延长移植肾的存活率,并且输血的次数也影响移植物的存活率,多次输血可显著提高移植物的存活率。推测与输血导致受体免疫耐受,而降低对器官的排斥反应有关…     

急性高容量血液稀释对全髋关节置换术患者血浆杀菌/通透性增加蛋白表达的影响

Objective To study the effect of acute hypervolemic hemodilution on expression of plasma bac-tericidaL/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients undergoing elective total hip replacement were randomly divided into two groups (n=10 for thesia. The blood loss,blood transfusion and the time of operation were recorded. Venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia (T0) ,at the begining of operation (T1) ,30 min after operation (T2) ,and at the end of operation (T3) for determination of plasma bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. Results The blood loss and the blood transfusion in HES group were significantly lower than that of LR group[blood loss: (560±90)ml vs (810±110) ml and blood transfusion: (200±100) ml vs (600±200) ml,t=5.562 and 5.657,P<0.001]. The plasma BPI concentrations in HES group were significantly increased at T2～T3 as compared to baseline value at T0 [(8.9±1.6)μg/L,(13.4±1.2)μg/L and (4.9±1.2)μg/L,P<0.05]. The plasma BPI concentrations in LR group were significantly increased at T2～T3 as compared to baseline value at T0 [(7.3±1.2)μg/L,(9.9±0.8) μg/L and (5.0±1.1)μg/L,P<0.05],but were lower than those in HES group (t=2.530 and 7.674,P=0.021 and 0.001 ). Conclusion Acute hypervolemic hemodilution with 200/0.5 hydroxyethyl starch can reduce blood transfusion during total hip replacement operation and also can increase the BPI level which would beneficial for the immunological function.     

TREM-1在炎症反应性疾病中的诊断价值

髓系细胞触发受体-1(triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1,TREM-1)是近年来发现的一种新型炎症激发受体[1],在炎症反应的触发和放大过程中具有重要作用.目前关于TREM-1的研究热点主要集中在脓毒血症、呼吸机相关肺炎以及肺炎诊断方面,由于TREM-1能在这些炎症反应的早期诊断上提供重要价值,因此日益引起关注.本文拟对TREM-1在以上炎症反应疾病中的诊断价值作一综述.     

光索与喉镜插管对血流动力学的影响

目的:探讨光索与喉镜插管对学流动力学的影响.方法:40例病人随机分为两组每组20例,分别用光索和喉镜插管,观察插管前后血压、心率的变化.结果:光索插管对血压、心率的变化要弱于喉镜插管.结论:光索插管安全可行,有利于插管时学流动力学的稳定,值得临床推广.     

急性高容量血液稀释对全髋关节置换术患者血浆杀菌/通透性增加蛋白表达的影响

Objective To study the effect of acute hypervolemic hemodilution on expression of plasma bac-tericidaL/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients undergoing elective total hip replacement were randomly divided into two groups (n=10 for thesia. The blood loss,blood transfusion and the time of operation were recorded. Venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia (T0) ,at the begining of operation (T1) ,30 min after operation (T2) ,and at the end of operation (T3) for determination of plasma bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. Results The blood loss and the blood transfusion in HES group were significantly lower than that of LR group[blood loss: (560±90)ml vs (810±110) ml and blood transfusion: (200±100) ml vs (600±200) ml,t=5.562 and 5.657,P<0.001]. The plasma BPI concentrations in HES group were significantly increased at T2～T3 as compared to baseline value at T0 [(8.9±1.6)μg/L,(13.4±1.2)μg/L and (4.9±1.2)μg/L,P<0.05]. The plasma BPI concentrations in LR group were significantly increased at T2～T3 as compared to baseline value at T0 [(7.3±1.2)μg/L,(9.9±0.8) μg/L and (5.0±1.1)μg/L,P<0.05],but were lower than those in HES group (t=2.530 and 7.674,P=0.021 and 0.001 ). Conclusion Acute hypervolemic hemodilution with 200/0.5 hydroxyethyl starch can reduce blood transfusion during total hip replacement operation and also can increase the BPI level which would beneficial for the immunological function.     

乌拉地尔用于术中降压的观察

手术患在术中常会发生血压升高，对机体产生不利影响，如急性左心衰竭、脑出血、夹层动脉瘤破裂等。除分析原因治疗原发病外，对症处理也很必要。我院对术中高血压的患应用乌拉地尔降压，取得一定效果，现报道如下。     

围手术期异体输血对胃癌病人T细胞亚群的影响

目的 :研究围手术期异体输血对胃癌病人外周血T细胞亚群水平的影响 ,为临床合理输血提供理论依据。方法 :胃癌根治手术患者 3 0例 ,随机分为A、B、C 3组 ,每组各 10例 :A组围术期不输血 ,B组围术期输入去白细胞的全血 ,C组围术期输异体全血。另选 10例健康人作为对照。分别于手术前、术后 2d、术后 5d、术后 10d外周静脉采血 ,用流式细胞仪测定T细胞亚群的表达。结果 :3组胃癌病人术前T细胞亚群的水平要低于正常人水平。手术可以造成T细胞水平下降 ,术后 10d恢复正常。B、C组术后第 2天CD3、CD4表达开始减少 ,以CD4减少为主 ,CD4+ CD8+ 之值下降 ,与术前比较有显著差异 ,至术后10d仍未恢复正常。组间比较B组术后 2、5、10d与A组比较有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,C组与A、B组比较术后 2、5、10dCD3 + 、CD4+ 表达下降 ,CD4+ CD8+ 之值下降显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :围手术期异体输血可造成免疫抑制 ,输全血比输去白细胞的全血更明显 ;围手术期成分输血优于输注全血 ;T细胞亚群在输血后的免疫调节中起重要作用。     

输异体血胃癌根治术病人外周血Th1/Th2细胞亚群的变化

输血引起免疫抑制的原因尚不十分清楚。CD4^ T细胞和CD8^ T细胞的比值对机体免疫平衡的维持极为重要，其中CD4^T细胞中Th1和Th2细胞亚群的变化又起着主要作用。因此，本研究旨在观察胃癌根治术病人输异体血后外周血Th1，Th2细胞亚群的变化，以探讨输异体血后免疫抑制的部分原因，为临床输血提供参考。     

12例顽固性癫痫患者的围手术期护理

目的:总结顽固性癫痫患者围手术期的护理经验,提高其临床疗效。方法:对12例外科手术治疗的顽固性癫痫患者的临床护理资料进行回顾性分析。结果:12例顽固性癫痫患者,在手术前后采取了有效的针对性护理措施后均痊愈出院。结论:采取正确有效的护理措施可提高患者的康复效果,提高生活质量。