单纯后路复位及固定治疗自发性寰枢椎脱位

目的 利用单纯后路复位,同时行内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位的方法,既不需要颅骨牵引,也不需经口腔齿状突切除.方法 2004年5月至2007年12月,收治自发性寰枢椎脱位病人20例,手术前后利用CT及MRI进行影像学测量,评价脱位及脊髓延髓受压程度.根据是否合并寰枕融合分别采用C1侧块～C2椎弓根螺钉技术3例及C2椎弓根～枕骨螺钉技术17例.手术中向前推压C2棘突或通过C2椎弓根及枕骨螺钉间撑开将齿状突向前、下牵拉以恢复齿状突与C1前弓的解剖关系.结果 20例病人随访6-48个月,1例术后1周因基底动脉内血栓形成死亡,其余19例均明显改善.手术后影像学检查见脊髓延髓均获彻底减压,合并脊髓空洞的5例病人,空洞均明显缩小;各项影像学测量指标均明显好转(P<0.01).1例于术后3个月时CT提示复位部分丢失,但螺钉位置良好,脊髓延髓减压良好,脊髓空洞继续缩小,6个月时骨性融合.结论 首先选择后路复位及固定,而不是前路经口腔齿状突切除减压,是治疗寰枢椎脱位简单有效,相对安全的方法.     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

大鼠静脉窦高压致硬膜血管变化的研究

目的探讨大鼠静脉窦高压后硬膜血管变化及其静脉窦高压在硬脑膜动静脉瘘形成中的作用。方法体重200～250g的SD雄性大鼠110只,随机分为静脉窦高压组(85只)和假手术组(25只),将静脉窦高压组85只大鼠闭塞左侧横窦和上矢状窦前1／3,并吻合右侧颈总动脉和颈外静脉,制成静脉窦高压模型。假手术组大鼠单纯解剖相应的颈部血管和硬脑膜窦,但不行吻合或闭塞。术后90d,随机取7只静脉窦高压组大鼠和5只假手术组大鼠,行硬脑膜血管明胶墨汁灌注,观察硬膜血管的状况。结果术后90d静脉窦高压组和假手术组大鼠的硬膜血管数分别为(10.7±1.5)条／mm,(10.3±0.6)条／mm,差异无显著性。在静脉窦高压组中1只大鼠有硬脑膜动静脉瘘,其形态和结构与生理性动静脉短路类似。结论大鼠静脉窦高压一段时间后,颅内硬膜血管无明显增生。颅内硬脑膜动静脉瘘的形成很可能是由动静脉间的短路发展而来。     

介入神经放射学专科医师的培训

介入神经放射学专科医师的培训李铁林凌锋段传志陈长才作者单位：５１０２８２广州市，第一军医大学珠江医院（李铁林，段传志，陈长才）；北京医院（凌锋）一介入神经放射学也称神经外科血管内治疗学、血管内神经外科学，作为神经外科学发展的３大前沿之一，近１０年来在...     

线状银屑病一例

患者男，２５岁。右上肢起皮疹、脱屑，反复发作５年余。５年前右手小指外伤愈后不久，即在原创面起红斑、丘疹、脱屑，并沿小鱼际呈线状向上肢蔓延，微痒，夏重冬轻。近２年来，皮损数目增多，面积增大，向右腋下、右肩胛区扩散，同时右股内侧及右侧阴囊亦出现同样皮疹。...     

运用综合指数对医疗统计指标的评价

<正>医疗统计是医院信息管理的重要组成部分,如何评价医疗质量指标,从总的趋势看已由单项评价过渡到综合评价.只有综合评价才能弥补各种单一方法的不足,才能较客观地反映医院的医疗质量和各科室的实际工作水平.本文试用了综合指数ORAQL的方法,将常规监督性检查统计结果进行综合评价.     

良性小脑出血13例分析

笔者对13例良性小脑出血的患者,从起病、临床表现进行了具体分析.总结出中老年良性小脑出血的6个特点,供临床工作者参考.     

急性缺血性卒中的亚低温治疗研究进展

脑缺血神经细胞损伤的保护措施一直是临床和基础研究的重点。但迄今为止,仍然缺少令人满意的措施。缺血性脑血管病的发病机制复杂,亚低温作为一种脑保护疗法,可干预脑缺血的多个病理生理学环节,对脑缺血及再灌注损伤起到保护作用。目前国际医学界将低温划分为轻度低温(33~35℃)     

壮观霉素联合环丙沙星治疗淋病合并症疗效察观

<正>我们采用壮观霉素(Trobicin淋必治,普强药厂比利时分厂2.09/支)加环丙沙星(广州白云制药厂250mg/片)治疗淋病合并症取得了较为满意的效果,现报告如下:     

妇科疾患误诊为急性阑尾炎10例分析

妇科疾患如卵巢滤泡或黄体破裂,宫外孕破裂,卵巢囊肿扭转在临床上症状往往同急性阑尾炎相似,尤其是发生在右侧的卵巢滤泡破裂出血量少,缺乏特异症状,更易与急性阑尾炎混淆。笔者在基层卫生院外科工作期间,自1980年12月～1990年12月误诊为急性阑尾炎而收入院治疗患者10例,报道如下: