麻醉后的行为学改变：在瑞典-儿科医院患者群体中开展出院后行为学问卷调查的有效性和可行性

目的：在瑞典儿童群体中，研究瑞典语译的出院后行为学问卷调查（PHBQ）的有效性和可行性。方法：利用回译的方法，将PHBQ翻译成瑞典语。340名2～13岁间的小儿被纳入研究对象，均曾有过麻醉下接受选择性外科手术或诊断过程的住院史。利用旋光性甲戊炔醇主成分分析的探测性因素分析法分析结果。选择一匹配于该模型的可靠的适合度测量法，利用证实性的因素分析，检查数据的适合度（所有因素P〉0．09）。     

猕猴对不同极化方向微波辐射能量吸收的研究

为提供微波辐射安全标准必要的数据，研究了不同极化方向微波辐射能量对猕猴的影响。实验在医学微波无反射室中进行，分为电场，磁场和微波传输方向极化组，辐射频率１ＧＨｚ，用红外热图技术，对暴露在三种极化方向电磁场中猕猴面部各解剖特片部位及胸部在辐射前后进行温度变化的定量分析。     

Consumption of Dry Beans, Peas, and Lentils Could Improve Diet Quality in the US Population

The US Department of Agriculture's MyPyramid guidelines introduced a near doubling of the dietary recommendations for vegetables. These recommendations target specific subgroups of vegetables, including dry beans and peas. Dry beans and peas provide an array of nutrients and phytochemicals that have been shown to have beneficial health effects, yet consumption levels in the United States are quite low. Few studies have examined the influence of legume consumption on nutrient intakes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess nutrient and food group intakes of dry bean and pea consumers compared to nonconsumers. Dietary intake data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for adults aged ≥19 years was used. Results show that on any given day only 7.9% of adults are consuming dry beans and peas; Mexican Americans or other Hispanics are more likely to be consumers than nonconsumers. Consuming approximately ½ c dry beans or peas resulted in higher intakes of fiber, protein, folate, zinc, iron, and magnesium with lower intakes of saturated fat and total fat. These data support the specific recommendation for dry beans and peas as part of the overall vegetable recommendation. Increased consumption of dry beans and peas—economical and nutrient-rich foods—could improve the diet quality of Americans.     

Americans' Awareness, Knowledge, and Behaviors Regarding Fats: 2006-2007

In recent years, epidemiologic and clinical studies, public and regulatory policy activity, and media coverage have focused on issues related to trans fats. To help increase awareness and understanding of trans fats and other fats, the American Heart Association (AHA) launched the “Face the Fats” national consumer education campaign in April 2007. The AHA commissioned a quantitative tracking survey between 2006 and 2007 to measure changes in consumer awareness, knowledge, and behaviors related fats and oils and their perceived impact on heart disease. The survey was conducted by Cogent Research. Data were collected during March 2006 and May 2007. At both time points, the survey included a representative sample of the American population age 18 to 65 years (n=1,000). The sampling plan for the survey was designed based on the 2000 and 2003 US Census. The margin of error was ±3.10 percentage points. Awareness of trans fats increased during the 1-year study period. In 2007, 92% of respondents were aware of trans fats, an increase from 84% in 2006 (P<0.05). The 2007 level was similar to the awareness of saturated fats (93%). Perceptions that certain fats and oils heighten the risk of heart disease increased for trans fats (73% in 2007 vs 63% in 2006; P<0.05), saturated fats (77% in 2007 vs 73% in 2006; P<0.05), and partially hydrogenated oils (56% in 2007 vs 49% in 2006; P<0.05). Knowledge about food sources of different fats remained low. On an unaided basis, 21% could name three food sources of trans fats in 2007, up from 17% in 2006 (P<0.05). Knowledge of food sources of saturated fat remained unchanged at 30% in 2007. Significantly more respondents in 2007 reported behavioral changes related to trans fat information, such as buying food products because they show “zero trans fat” on labels or packages (37% in 2007 vs. 32% in 2006; P<0.05). Between 2006 and 2007, consumer awareness about trans fats increased and attained awareness levels similar to saturated fats. The increased awareness is associated with improved self-reported behaviors in grocery shopping. Nonetheless, overall knowledge, especially regarding food sources of saturated and trans fats, remains relatively low, underscoring the need for heightened consumer education activities. The positive change in consumer awareness about trans fats is likely attributable to the wide range of messages available to them, including the AHA “Face the Fats” national consumer education campaign.     

Publishing Nutrition Research: A Review of Epidemiologic Methods

The use of epidemiologic research designs and analytical methods is common in dietetics research. Food and nutrition professionals who seek to perform evidence-based practice or participate in research design, analysis, and communication need skills in the essentials of epidemiology. This is one of a series of monographs on research methodology that addresses these needs and supports the goals of the Board of Editors of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association to further enhance competency and skills. This monograph focuses on statistical approaches for univariate analyses used with the primary observational study designs associated with epidemiology. Tables illustrating the presentation and interpretation of these results are included.     

Grandmothers, Fathers, and Depressive Symptoms Are Associated with Food Insecurity among Low-Income First-Time African-American Mothers in North Carolina

African Americans experience household food insecurity, ie, the limited availability of nutritionally adequate and safe food, or ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways, at three times the rate of non-Hispanic whites. Thirty percent of all African-American children live in food-insecure households. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics associated with household food insecurity among a high-risk postpartum population. Two-hundred six low-income, African-American mother−infant dyads were recruited through the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children clinics. The six-item US Department of Agriculture food security scale was used to classify households as food secure, marginally food secure, or food insecure. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association between selected maternal/household characteristics and household food-security status. Fifty-three percent of households were food secure, 34% were marginally food secure, and 13% were food insecure. Maternal education less than college (relative risk ratio [RRR]=0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22 to 0.98) was inversely associated with marginal food security. Depressive symptoms (RRR=1.09; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.16) and having the baby's father in the household (RRR=3.46; 95% CI: 1.22 to 9.82) were associated with household food insecurity, while having a grandmother in the household (RRR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.80) was inversely associated with experiencing household food insecurity. Findings from this study suggest that young, low-income, African-American families with only one child are particularly susceptible to experiencing household food insecurity. Intergenerational support and transfer of knowledge can be a key protective attribute among low-income African-American households.     

多发性肌炎的动物模型及雷公藤多甙对其疗效的研究

目的　寻找一种多发性肌炎的良好动物模型及其有效的治疗药物。　　方法　给动物注射同种大鼠的肌匀浆 ,观察其活动状态 ;通过肌肉组织染色及ELISA法 ,研究肌肉的病理学变化 ,同时给动物喂服雷公藤多甙观察药物疗效。　　结果　部分动物表现肌无力和肌萎缩 ,大多数肌肉组织学检查示肌纤维炎性变 ;免疫组化检查可见肌膜、肌内膜和肌束膜中有IgG沉积。动物服雷公藤多甙后肌肉病变明显减轻 ,其疗效与强的松相似。　　结论　用同种大鼠肌匀浆免疫动物可诱导出多发性肌炎的动物模型 ;雷公藤多甙能有效地治疗多发性肌炎。     

恒河猴坐姿着陆冲击内耳损伤的观察

为研究机体及各组织器官对冲击力的耐受限值，探讨致伤原因及提出防护措施，利用着陆冲击塔，使实验动物恒河猴的坐姿状态下，进行冲击试验，试验后１ｈ左右处死，作大体解剖观察并取心，肝，脾，肺，颞骨等组织，固定，切片，镜检。同时重点观察了内耳的损伤。结果表明，冲击载荷不大（平台过载值为≤２５Ｇ）时内脏虽然有轻度损伤，但内耳可避免受员，当冲击力加大到一定程度（平台过载值为３０～３５Ｇ）导致内脏中等损伤时，内耳     

海拔3417m世居及移居者无氧代谢阈与左心功能关系的探讨

在海拔３４１７ｍ对１８名健康世居藏族和１６名移居汉族用Ｊｅａｇｅｒ气体代谢自动分析系统和心阴抗图测定了无氧阈和最大摄氧量时的ＳＶ、ＣＯ、ＰＥＰ／ＬＶＥＴ和ＳａＯ２。结果显示：在海拔３４１７ｍ测得ＡＴ值明显低于海平面；世居藏族ＡＴ出现较晚，并且ＡＴ时的功率、ＶＯ２、ＭＶ、ＨＲ、ＣＯ、ＳＶ均高于移居汉族，而ＰＥＴ／ＬＶＥＴ比值小于移居组；两组的ＳＶ峰值出现时间不同，蕊居组在ＡＴ或ＡＴ以后出现的占７２％