Single center experience of 39 patients with preoperative portal vein thrombosis among 404 adult living donor liver transplantations.

Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) involves technical difficulty. The aim of this research was to analyze their preoperative diagnosis of PVT, operative procedures, and postoperative courses of patients with preoperative PVT. Thirty-nine patients of 404 adult patients (9.7%) undergoing LDLT in our hospital from 1996 June to 2004 December had PVT at their transplantation. Twenty-nine patients had intractable ascites, 21 had gastrointestinal bleeding, and 18 had encephalopathy. The thrombus was located in the portal trunk in 23, in the portal trunk and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) in 7, and developed into the SMV and the splenic vein in 8. The occlusive grade was partial in 29, and complete in 10 patients. The thrombus was removed by a simple technique, and eversion and/or incision technique, or total removal of the portal vein (PV). The PV was reconstructed with the thrombectomized native PV, with an interposed vein graft, or porto-caval hemitransposition. Advanced PVT had a significant impact on blood loss and hospital mortality. Three out of 10 patients with residual PVT required radiological and/or surgical intervention after transplantation. In conclusion, thorough planning is essential for a successful LDLT outcome for patients with preexisting PVT.     

Met-RANTES ameliorates fibrous airway obliteration and decreases ERK expression in a murine model of bronchiolitis obliterans.

OBJECTIVES: Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is the main cause of late mortality among long-term survivors of lung transplantation. Chemokine-chemokine receptor (CCR) interaction and subsequent recruitment of infiltrating cells to the graft are early events in the development of chronic rejection of transplanted lungs. The present study investigated whether blockade of chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 with Met-regulated-on-activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), an amino-terminal modified derivative of RANTES/CCL5, affects the development of BO in murine model and we sought to determine the expression of RANTES/CCL5 and their relationship with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Materials and Methods: BALB/c mouse tracheas were heterotopically transplanted into C57Black6 recipients and treated for 21 days with either Met-RANTES at 20 microg/day or vehicle. Animals were killed at 21 days after transplantation for histologic examination of ERK expression. RESULTS: RANTES/CCL5 was highly expressed in allografts compare to isografts. Met-RANTES treatment ameliorated fibrous airway obliteration in a mouse model of BO and decreased ERK expression. CONCLUSION: Blockade of chemokine receptors by Met-RANTES ameliorated airway obliteration and decreased ERK expression. These findings suggest that chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 play significant roles in the development of chronic rejection and ERK may be a new molecular target for chronic rejection.     

Uptake of dehydroascorbic acid in high-GSH and normal-GSH dog erythrocytes

Uptake of dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) was studied in two types of dog erythrocytes with high GSH and normal GSH levels. Compared with ascorbic acid uptake, DHA produced a much greater ascorbic acid accumulation in dog erythrocytes. Both dog erythrocytes showed a concentration dependence of DHA uptake, and cellular ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly higher in high-GSH cells than in normal-GSH cells. Glucose and cytochalasin B inhibited DHA uptake. This suggests that DHA enters dog erythrocytes predominantly by the facilitated glucose transporter, particularly by the Glut 1 glucose transporter. The rate of glucose uptake was quite similar in the two types of cells. Compared with normal-GSH cells, high-GSH cells were more resistant to oxidative stress induced by high concentration of DHA. As a rapid entry of DHA inflicts on cells a heavy demand for GSH for its reduction to ascorbic acid, high-GSH cells containing a larger reserve of GSH have an advantage over normal-GSH cells in both ascorbic acid accumulation and resisting oxidative stress produced by DHA.     

Effects of monoamine uptake inhibitors given early postnatally on monoamines in the brain stem,caudate/putamen and cortex,and on dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the caudate/putamen

Summary Rats were treated with desipramine 5mg/kg, nomifensine 10mg/kg, zimelidine 25 mg/kg or with 0.9% sodium chloride once a day during the second and third weeks after birth, and brain stem, caudate/putamen and cortical monoamines, and caudate/putamen dopamine D₁ (³[H]SCH 23390) and D₂ (³[H]spiroperidol) receptor binding were measured when rats were at two months of age. In the brain stem, the concentration of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl glycol was increased in nomifensine rats and the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to 5-hydroxytryptamine was increased in zimelidine rats. In the caudate/putamen, the concentrations of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid and the ratio of homovanillic acid to dopamine were increased in desipramine rats; neither³[H]SCH 23390 nor³[H]spiroperidol binding were affected by any of the three monoamine uptake inhibiting antidepressants studied. In the cortex, the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to 5-hydroxytryptamine was increased in desipramine and zimelidine rats. The findings suggest that desipramine but not nomifensine increases the metabolism of dopamine in the caudate/ putamen and nomifensine but not desipramine increases the metabolism of norepinephrine in the brain stem, and furthermore that the metabolism of serotonin is affected by desipramine as well as by zimelidine. It is possible that also treatment of women with these drugs during late pregnancy causes long-lasting changes in the brain of human fetus.     

Differential effects of isoproterenol on the canine atrial action potential in the presence of carbachol or nicorandil

In canine atrial muscles, carbachol and nicorandil hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential and shortened the action potential duration. In the presence of carbachol or nicorandil, isoproterenol further hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential and shortened the action potential duration. Isoproterenol significantly increased the plateau duration in the presence of nicorandil, but further abbreviated it in the presence of carbachol. This increase in the plateau duration by isoproterenol in the presence of nicorandil probably reflects the increase in the slow inward current.     

Surgical treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm under temporary bypass with antithrombogenic tube and bio-medicus centrifugal pump

Four patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysm were successfully operated on under temporary bypass with an antithrombogenic tube and a Bio-Medicus centrifugal pump. The bypass flow ranged from 1.0 to 2.4 l/min with the mean femoral artery pressure of 50 to 70 mmHg. No complications such as paraplegia, hepatic dysfunction or renal failure were encountered in all the patients. Temporary increment of the serum amylase level occurred in all the patients, but any apparent clinical symptoms were not present. The temporary bypass method with an antithrombogenic tube and a centrifugal pump is useful and reliable for surgical treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm.     

Spontaneous subcapsular hepatic hemorrhage associated with pregnancy: Report of a case

We report herein a case of spontaneous subcapsular hepatic hemorrhage which occurred in a 33-year-old woman 1 day after she had been delivered of her second child by cesarean section following an uneventful pregnancy. She complained of right upper quadrant pain on the 1st postoperative day, and computed tomography (CT) showed subcapsular low-density masses in both liver lobes, while extravasation was demonstrated by CO₂ intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA). The hemorrhage was successfully controlled by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). However, on the 3rd day after TAE, an exploratory laparotomy was performed to establish an exact diagnosis to explain the persistent abdominal pain and abnormal liver function tests. Subcapsular hematomas in both lobes were confirmed and no visible laceration was present. The patient recovered gradually by spontaneous absorption of the hematomas and was discharged on the 22nd postoperative day. Spontaneous hepatic hemorrhage associated with pregnancy is a very rare complication, and establishing a correct diagnosis and initiating appropriate therapy are essential for this life-threatening disease.     

Orthotopic allotransplantation of the canine liver; a simplified technic with hypothermia

A simplified technique of the liver transplantation under hypothermia has been studied in dog. An immersion hypothermia was used in both the donor and the recipient. The temperature of the graft at excision was lowered to 20 degrees C with supplemental use of topical cooling. The temperature of the recipient was lowered at 27 degrees C when the transplantation was attempted. Chlorpromazine and dopamine were employed beneficially in hypothermia. No perfusion or irrigation of the graft was performed. The use of heparin was avoided. Anastomoses were carried out in turn of the proximal vena cava, portal vein, distal vena cava and the hepatic artery with a stem shaped aorta. Reperfusion was established after the completion of anastomosis between the proximal vena cava and portal vein. The anhepatic phase of the recipient was uneventfully lasted without heparinization. All dogs, 5 out of 11 without early surgical troubles survived more than 5 days. Immunosuppressive therapy was not employed except one which died of pneumonia on the 19th postoperative day. Histologically, these dogs were free from ischemic injury and/or thrombotic lesion throughout transplantation procedure.     

Cardiohemodynamic effect of FK409, a novel highly potent nitrovasodilator, in anesthetized dogs.

The cardiohemodynamic effect of (+/-)-(E)-4-ethyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexenamide (FK409), a novel potent vasodilator, was studied in anesthetized open-chest dogs. FK409 (1 to 10 micrograms/kg, i.v.) decreased mean blood pressure, cardiac output and venous return (sum of the flow through the inferior and the superior vena cava). These changes accompanied decreases in left ventricular pressure, in its maximum rate of rise and in right atrial pressure. This cardiovascular profile of FK409 is very similar to those of classical nitrates.