A diagnostic algorithm for male genital oedema

Male genital oedema can be defined as swelling or the appearance of swelling of the scrotum and/or the penile shaft and prepuce. Despite the various causes of genital oedema reported in the published work, a concise approach to the evaluation and management has not been sufficiently addressed.     

Reduction of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits and decrease of expressions of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in foam cells by a water-soluble fraction of Polygonum multiflorum

Polygonum multiflorum stilbeneglycoside （PMS） is a water-soluble fraction of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. , one of the most famous tonic traditional Chinese medicines, that has protective effects on the cardiovascular system. The purpose of the present study is to elucidate the effects of PMS on macrophage-derived foam cell functions and the reduction of severity of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic New Zealand White （NZW） rabbits. NZW rabbits were fed for 12 weeks with a normal diet, a high cholesterol diet, or a high cholesterol diet associated with irrigation with different doses of PMS （25, 50, or 100 mg/kg）. Treatment of NZW rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet with 100 mg/kg PMS attenuated the increase in plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and plasma triglyceride. Treatment with 50 and 100 mg/kg PMS caused 43% and 60% decrease in atherosclerotic lesioned area ratio to total surface area, respectively. In U937 foam cells, PMS could decrease the high expression of intercellular adhesion molecule （ICAM）-1 protein and the vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） protein levels in the medium induced by oxidized lipoprotein when analyzed by flow cytometry. The results proved that PMS is a powerful agent against atherosclerosis and that PMS action could possibly be through the inhibition of the expression of ICAM-1 and VEGF in foam cells.     

β-catenin，c-myc和Cyclin D1在胰腺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的研究β-catenin异常表达、c-myc和Cyclin D1的高表达与胰腺癌发生、浸润、转移的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测5例正常胰腺组织和40例胰腺癌及13例相应癌旁组织中β-catenm、c-myc和Cyclin D1的表达。结果 5例正常胰腺组织及13例胰腺癌旁组织中β-catenin为正常表达,c-myc和Cyclin D1阴性表达,40例胰腺癌组织中25例有β-catenin的异常表达(25／40,62．5％),20例(20／40,50％)有c-myc的高表达,23例(23／40,57．5％)有Cyclin D1的高表达。β-catenin的异常表达率与淋巴结转移、浸润及病理分级相关(P<0.05),c-myc和Cyclin D1的高表达与分化程度,浸润,转移及病理分级无关,β-catenin的异常表达与c-myc的阳性表达不相关,而与Cyclin D1的阳性表达相关。结论β-catenin的异常表达可能主要是通过激活Cyclin D1引起细胞增殖,导致肿瘤的发生。     

Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis

A postmortem case of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is reported. A 67-year-old male had hemorrhagic component, affection of the kidneys, skin, lungs and gastrointestinal organs. The disease began in 1994 with extreme weakness, headache, fever, skin eruption. Antibodies to B and C hepatitis were found. The condition of the patient worsened since 1997 when renal deficiency reached the degree of uremia. Before the autopsy the diagnosis was: chronic glomerulonephritis with cryoglobulinemia in context of systemic vasculitis with involvement of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, fever syndrome. Pathomorphologically, the patient had proliferative vasculitis with leukoclasia in the skin, chronic mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in the kidney, fibrosing alveolitis and vasculitis with affection of small vessels in the lung, chronic hepatitis in the liver. The anatomopathological diagnosis was as follows: cryoglobulinemic vasculitis of the hemorrhagic vasculitis type with involvement of the kidneys, skin, gastrointestinal tract and the lungs. Differential diagnosis with other microscopic vascilitides: main distinctions of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis are immune deposits consisting of cryoglobulins in the wall of small vessels. The most frequent components of cryoglobulins are IgM and IgG. These are main morphological, classifying and differential-diagnostic signs.     

Clinical efficacy and pathogenetic validation of the intrapulmonary and intrabronchial administration of proteinase inhibitors and antibiotics in the treatment of patients with nonspecific lung diseases

Eighty patients (34 with lung abscess, 39 with lingering pneumonia associated with chronic bronchitis) were examined for the activity of the proteinase inhibitory system in bronchial washing off as well as for the level of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in blood serum. The system of proteinases inhibitors was found to be unbalanced with the predominance of proteinases. The proteinase inhibitor contrycal was included into the multimodality treatment of patients. The patients of the main group were administered contrycal and antibiotics intrapulmonarily with the aid of a needle jet injector (NJI-1) and endobronchially, whereas the control group patients were given intravenous injections in the identical daily and total dose. The local (intrapulmonary and endobronchial) administration of proteinase inhibitors and antibiotics turned out to compare very favourably with intravenous injection of the same remedies.     

Prognosis and differential diagnosis of protracted pneumonia using the indicators of inhibition of proteolytic activity

Ninety-eight patients with protracted pneumonia were examined for activity of the system proteinases--proteinases inhibitors in bronchial secretion. Correlation between antitrypsin activity (ATA) and activity of trypsin-like proteinases (TLP) was most demonstrable. By calculating the ratio ATA/TLP the index of inhibition of proteolytic activity was derived applied in diagnosis of protracted and chronic pneumonias. ++Clinico-biochemical parallels obtained in patients with protracted pneumonia upon 1.5-year follow-up led the authors to conclusion that if the above index remains low for 1 month of the adequate therapy protracted pneumonia tends to chronicity. If the follow-up results are indicative of increasing index, pneumonia may terminate in recovery.     

白藜芦醇对动物离体心房收缩力和心率作用的种属差异性比较

目的:观察白藜芦醇对豚鼠、小鼠和家兔离体心肌收缩力和心率的影响。方法:实验于2005-08/2006-12在河北医科大学西校区实验中心完成。①实验分组:离体豚鼠、小鼠和家兔心肌各分为9组:空白对照组、溶剂对照组、递增累积浓度白藜芦醇组(浓度为10-6,3×10-6,10-5,3×10-5,10-4,3×10-4mol/L),白藜芦醇对照组(5×10-5mol/L),ATP敏感性钾通道阻断剂格列苯脲(5×10-5mol/L)预孵育 白藜芦醇组,钙激活钾通道阻断剂四乙胺(10-3mol/L)预孵育 白藜芦醇组,电压依赖性钾通道阻断剂4-氨基吡啶(10-3mol/L)预孵育 白藜芦醇组,内向整流钾通道阻断剂氯化钡(10-4mol/L)预孵育 白藜芦醇组,乙酰胆碱调节钾通道阻断剂阿托品(10-5mol/L)预孵育 白藜芦醇组。②实验方法:不同类型的钾通道阻断剂均预孵育15min后,分别加入白藜芦醇(终浓度为5×10-5mol/L),连续记录30min,与相应动物白藜芦醇对照组相比较。③评估指标:分析不同阻断剂与白藜芦醇联用对心房收缩力下降率及心率抑制率的影响。结果:①白藜芦醇可降低豚鼠和小鼠离体心肌收缩力和心率(P<0.05),并被ATP敏感性钾通道阻断剂格列苯脲和钙激活钾通道阻断剂四乙胺部分阻断。②白藜芦醇可降低家兔离体心肌心率,格列苯脲可阻断白藜芦醇的负性变时作用。③电压依赖性钾通道阻断剂4-氨基吡啶、内向整流钾通道阻断剂氯化钡、乙酰胆碱调节钾通道阻断剂阿托品均不能阻断白藜芦醇对3种不同动物离体心房收缩力和心率的作用(P>0.05)。结论:白藜芦醇可呈剂量依赖性减慢豚鼠、小鼠和家兔的心率,白藜芦醇可减弱豚鼠心肌收缩力,其作用是与开放ATP敏感性钾通道有关,而与电压依赖性钾通道、内向整流钾通道和乙酰胆碱调节钾通道无关。同时,钙激活钾通道也参与了白藜芦醇对豚鼠和小鼠离体心房收缩力和/或心率的抑制作用。白藜芦醇对离体心肌收缩力和心率的作用有种属差异性。