沙苑子本草考证

沙苑子为我国常用中药,药用历史悠久。通过查阅本草文献,对沙苑子名称、基原、功效、产地及伪品5个方面进行考证,得知其名称演变大致经过"白蒺藜""沙苑蒺藜""沙苑子"3个阶段;历代本草记载沙苑子基原为扁茎黄芪的干燥成熟种子,古今应用品种基本一致;沙苑子补肾固精功效的记载自宋《本草衍义》起逐渐清晰明确;沙苑子道地产区自宋时起为陕西沙苑,明清时期产地逐渐转到陕西潼关、山西等地,建国后以陕西省为主向北扩散,以陕西潼关为佳;沙苑子建国前有马薸子、色微绿伪品及紫云英子等混伪品,建国后有紫云英、猪屎豆、华黄芪和直立黄芪的种子等混伪品。为沙苑子正本清源,并为其进一步深入开发提供参考。     

甲状旁腺激素对大鼠牵张成骨过程中O NC、OPN、C-FOS、COL1、VEGF、RUNX2、ALP基因表达的影响

目的：探讨甲状旁腺激素（PTH）对大鼠牵张成骨（DO）过程中ONC、OPN、C-FOS、COL1、VEGF、RUNX2、ALP基因表达的影响。方法30只雄性大鼠制备大鼠下颌骨DO模型。随机分5组，每组6只。第1组（只有牵张无PTH），术后8周取材，应用HE染色及微CT检测，以确定成骨情况。第2组（有牵张无PTH），第3组（有牵张有PTH），第4组（无牵张有PTH），第5组（对照组：无牵张无PTH）。2、3、4组及对照组术后1周取材，RT-PCR测定ONC、OPN、C-FOS、COL1、VEGF、RUNX2、ALP基因的表达。结果第1组，新骨形成，骨质充满牵张区，骨质连续，大鼠建模成功。RT-PCR检测结果显示，2、3、4组与对照组比较，OPN、COL1、RUNX2、ALP基因表达有明显提高（P＜0．05），其中第3组最为明显。ONC、C-FOS、VEGF基因2、3、4组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论 PTH在 DO 过程中，间歇性给以 PTH的作用只有在牵张期发挥作用，其对 OPN、COL1、RUNX2、ALP基因表达能够获得理想的协同作用。     

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for thoracic empyema in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Thoracic empyema in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis is a challenging situation. The clinical characteristics are rarely reported, and the surgical outcomes remain unclear. We report our experience with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in these patients during 10-year period of time. Between 2005 and 2015, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics, bacteriological studies, and thoracoscopic surgical results of 23 empyema patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The mean patient age was 67.1 ± 12.9 years. All patients had additional preexisting systemic diseases. The mean duration of hemodialysis was 34.7 ± 25.8 months. The infections causing empyema were pneumonia in 11 (47.8%), blood stream infection in 8 (34.8%), and uremic pleuritis in 4 (17.4%). Among the 22 identified microorganisms, the most common pathogen was methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (31.8%). After thoracoscopic surgery, 8 patients (34.8%) required additional procedures for complications, including 2 patients who required repeated thoracoscopy for hemothorax and 6 (26.1%) patients who required open drainage for residual empyema. The mean hospital stay was 62.4 days, and 6 patients (26.1%) died in the hospital. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that maintenance hemodialysis longer than 5 years was a significant factor associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio: 14.8, 95% confidence interval 1.5–151.6; p < 0.0001). While surgical management of thoracic empyema in uremic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis is associated with high rates of complication and mortality, thoracoscopic surgery is feasible, especially for patients undergoing hemodialysis for less than 5 years.     

抑郁症康复技能训练程式在基层医院推广应用的价值研究

背景　抑郁症的康复技能训练是一种很好的辅助治疗方法，本课题通过引进成熟的抑郁症康复技术，使基层医务人员熟练掌握，为辖区内广大抑郁症患者开展康复训练，以期提高抑郁症患者的疗效，降低自杀风险。目的　探讨抑郁症康复技能训练程式在基层医院推广应用的价值。方法　选取门头沟区龙泉医院2018年1-9月门诊就诊的65例抑郁症患者为研究对象。入选患者全部接受康复训练，分别于训练前和训练结束3个月后采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）、服药依从性、自杀风险评估量表（nurses' global assessment of suicide risk，NGASR）和自杀风险问卷对患者进行评估。结果　共61例患者完成研究，与训练前比较，训练结束3个月后患者HAMD、SDSS评分明显降低，服药依从性除自行停药外均明显提高，自杀风险明显降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　抑郁症康复训练程式能有效提高患者服药依从性，改善抑郁症状，减少自杀观念，在基层医院有推广价值。     

Enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species and photocatalytic activity by Pt-based metallic nanostructures: the composition matters

The modification of semiconductor nanostructures with metallic nanocomponents can promote the separation of electron/hole from photoexited semiconductors by forming heterojunctions, thus exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activities and potential applications. In this study, Pt-based NPs, including Pt, PtCu, and PtCuCo are employed as model co-catalysts to comparatively study their capability to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanosheets. It was found that each of Pt, PtCu, and PtCuCo can greatly enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ toward degradation of organic dyes. Using electron spin resonance spectroscopy, we demonstrated that deposition of Pt-based NPs resulted in more production of reactive oxygen species including hydroxyl radicals, superoxide, and singlet oxygen. The enhancing effects of Pt-based NPs on generation of ROS and photocatalytic activity showed same trend: PtCuCo?>?PtCu?>?Pt. The mechanism underlying the enhancement differences in Pt-based NPs may be mainly related to electronic structure change of Pt in alloying with Cu and Co. These results are valuable for designing hybrid nanomaterials with high photocatalytic efficiency for applications in water purification and antibacterial products.     

华细辛和北细辛HPLC特征图谱识别与抗炎靶点及抗炎成分分析

建立华细辛和北细辛HPLC特征图谱并结合聚类分析研究2种来源细辛的识别方法;应用网络药理学方法预测细辛潜在抗炎靶点并寻找潜在抗炎成分。对89批细辛药材(12批华细辛和77批北细辛)的数据进行分析确定了11个特征峰,用对照品、紫外光谱和LC-MS指认了11个特征成分。特征峰面积聚类分析显示华细辛和北细辛被分为2类,且利用特征峰面积比值可实现两者区分,当特征峰9(细辛素)/参照峰S(卡枯醇)峰面积比值大于5时为华细辛,小于2时为北细辛。对119种细辛成分进行网络药理学分析的结果表明细辛抗炎作用可能与COX-2,COX-1,iNOS,MAPK14,LAT4H,NR3C1,PPARG和TNF等8个靶点相关,其中COX-2最为关键,与5种特征成分细辛脂素、芝麻脂素、细辛素、甲基丁香酚和黄樟醚均存在相互作用。此外,细辛脂素、芝麻脂素与iNOS,MAPK14也存在相互作用关系,黄樟醚和细辛素可作用于iNOS,COX-1,LAT4H,甲基丁香酚可作用于COX-1,LAT4H。细辛脂素与芝麻脂素均可作用在COX-2,iNOS和MAPK143个靶点上,提示它们是细辛发挥抗炎作用的活性成分;COX-2分子对接结果和COX-2活性实验结果验证了细辛脂素、芝麻脂素可抑制COX-2活性,为细辛抗炎作用活性成分。基于HPLC特征图谱的华细辛和北细辛识别方法简便易行;预测到的细辛抗炎靶点和抗炎成分为完善细辛质量评价体系奠定了基础。     

无偿献血宣传招募工作的实践和思考

该文总结该市2017年1月-2018年12月之间,在无偿献血宣传招募方面工作内容。结果显示2018年较2017年献血总量有所提升,其中团体献血所占比例逐渐上升,街头献血所占比例逐渐下降。通过大力宣传无偿献血工作,扩大无偿献血团体招募工作,完善并深化无偿献血各项制度,使得普通群众的无偿献血认知度不断提高。     

人体感染西里伯瑞列绦虫1例报告

为深入宣传我国血吸虫病防治工作取得的成就，培养和锻炼我国血防队伍的新生力量，激励更多的有志青年投身血防事业，为我国血防事业培养人才，由卫生部血吸虫病专家咨询委员会、中华预防医学会主办的全国血吸虫病防治研究青年学术交流会将于2006年第4季度召开，届时将邀请国际及我国血吸虫病科研和防治领域著名专家和学者作专题报告。现将有关事事宜通知如下。     

谷胱苷肽S转移酶在口腔鳞癌中的表达

目的　研究异型增生程度不同的口腔白斑和不同分级的鳞癌中谷胱苷肽S转移酶π(GST π)的表达 ,探讨GST π在口腔鳞癌发生发展中的作用。　方法　采用免疫S -P法 ,对 5 4例轻、中、重度异型增生 ,4 7例高、中、低分化的口腔鳞癌 ,7例口腔粘膜上皮单纯增生患者组织进行GST π检测。　结果　口腔粘膜上皮单纯增生组织中未见GST π的表达 ,轻、中、重度异型增生病例中的GST π阳性率分别为4 7.8%、5 2 .9%和 6 4 .2 % ,高于单纯增生组 (P <0 .0 1) ;高分化鳞癌GST π阳性率为 6 4 .7% ,中、低分化鳞癌组分别为 2 8.5 %及 2 2 .2 % ,中、低分化鳞癌组表达均低于高分化鳞癌组及异型增生组 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　GST π表达的变化与口腔鳞癌早期的发生发展密切相关