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排序方式: 共有426条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Late onset type 1 alcoholism has been suggested to be associated with decreased dopaminergic transmission. Our hypothesis was that late onset type 1 alcoholics have also abnormal extrastriatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor distribution. We performed binding, heterogeneity and laterality analysis of extrastriatal and striatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptors in nine late onset male alcoholics and in 12 age-matched healthy males. A radioligand, [(123)I]epidepride was used in high resolution single-photon emission tomography (SPET). Specific binding of epidepride in the left temporal pole was significantly (P<0.05) lower in type 1 alcoholics (0.74+/-0.14 ml/ml) than in controls (0.89+/-0.14 ml/ml). In alcoholics, there was no normal left-to-right asymmetry of the temporal cortical heterogeneity of epidepride distribution observed in control males (0.89+/-0.19 vs. 1.10+/-0.19; P<0.05). The results suggest that the specific binding of dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptors in late type 1 alcoholics is decreased and its laterality in the temporal brain is altered from normal. 相似文献
3.
Rationale: Late onset type 1 alcoholism has been suggested to be associated with an underlying dopaminergic defect. Therefore, it is
relevant to study both postsynaptic D2-receptor and presynaptic dopamine transporter (DAT) densities among alcoholics. Objective: We investigated DAT densities, along with striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D2-receptor densities, in nine non-violent late-onset male alcoholics, who had no major mental disorder nor antisocial personality
disorder (ASPD), and nine healthy controls. Methods: [123I]PE2I and [123I]epidepride were used in SPECT imaging. Results: DAT occupancy ratios (striatum/cerebellum) were significantly lower among alcoholics than in controls. Extrastriatal D2-receptor occupancy ratios (temporal pole/cerebellum) were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions: Striatal presynaptic DAT densities are decreased among type 1 alcoholics, and this finding is not associated with recent
alcohol abuse.
Received: 22 March 1999 / Final version: 25 June 1999 相似文献
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M. Ristola E. Savilahti M. Leirisalo-Repo H. Repo 《European journal of pediatrics》1991,150(3):173-178
Neutrophils purified from peripheral blood of patients with the Shwachman syndrome show enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) and depressed chemotaxis. Here we present data showing that the increased CL response can be demonstrated by using a whole blood CL assay. This assay is well-suited for studies in infants, because the blood sample volumes needed are small. Increase in CL was most distinct in the initial (1 min) activation induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. The 1-min response is considered to derive from extracellular production of oxygen radicals. Such an extracellular oxygen radical production may render the patients susceptible to undue oxidant stress. We therefore treated the patients with two antioxidants, thiamine and -tocopherol, for 3 months. This supplementation, however, failed to exert any significant effect on either whole blood CL or migration of the patients' neutrophils under agarose. 相似文献
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Patient participation in pro re nata medication in psychiatric inpatient settings: An integrative review 下载免费PDF全文
Kirsi Hipp MNSc RN Lauri Kuosmanen PhD RN FEANS Eila Repo‐Tiihonen MD PhD Minna Leinonen MSc Olavi Louheranta PhD ThM Mari Kangasniemi PhD RN 《International journal of mental health nursing》2018,27(2):536-554
Pro re nata (PRN) medication is widely used and studied in psychiatric care, but our knowledge about patient participation in its administration is fragmented. The aim of this integrative review was to describe and synthesize previous knowledge of patient participation in PRN in psychiatric inpatient settings. We conducted both electronic and manual searches, using the CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases, and eight scientific journals. Searches were limited to the English language, to the years 2006–2016, and to selected papers using inclusion, exclusion, and quality criteria. We identified 16 relevant papers, and these showed that patient participation included patient‐related starting points, including the patients’ willingness to participate and their knowledge of the medication. The patients’ participation in PRN practices was demonstrated by the opportunity to request PRN and to refuse any PRN that was offered. Patient participation was shown to be linked to certain situations where PRN was recommended. The role that the professionals played in patient participation included interacting with patients, providing counselling and alternatives for PRN. Our results also revealed that coercion was used administering PRN. The existing literature exposed challenges that need to be addressed if patient participation in the use of PRN medication is to be effectively achieved in psychiatric inpatient settings. Equal partnerships between patients, nurses, and physicians are an essential part of this process, and further research into PRN medication is urgently needed, particularly studies that focus on patients’ experiences. 相似文献
7.
Petäjä J Pesonen E Fernández JA Griffin JH Repo H Jansson SE Vento AE Rämö OJ 《American journal of hematology》2001,67(3):210-212
To assess possible interactions between inflammation and activation of the anticoagulant protein C system during post-ischemic reperfusion protein C, APC, neutrophil L-selectin expression and myocardial myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were measured in 19 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. After reperfusion for 10 min, APC to protein C ratio (APC/PC) increased from pre-reperfusion value 1.43 +/- 0.12 (mean +/- SEM) to 2.25 +/- 0.29, p = 0.015. Negative correlations were observed between APC/PC and MPO activity (Spearman r -0.64, p = 0.007) and APC/PC and neutrophil L-selectin expression (r = -0.7, p = 0.007, demonstrating that post-ishemic protein C activation was associated with decreased neutrophil tissue sequestration. Thus, physiological protein C activation may be involved in regulation of the inflammatory injury during reperfusion of human ischemic coronary circulation. 相似文献
8.
Outi Kummu S. Pauliina Turunen Piotr Prus Jaakko Lehtimäki Marja Veneskoski Chunguang Wang Sohvi Hörkkö 《Immunology》2014,141(3):416-430
Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (OxLDL) plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis. Carbamylated LDL has been suggested to promote atherogenesis in patients with chronic kidney disease. Here we observed that plasma IgG and IgM antibodies to carbamylated epitopes were associated with IgG and IgM antibodies to oxidation‐specific epitopes (ρ = 0·65–0·86, P < 0·001) in healthy adults, suggesting a cross‐reaction between antibodies recognizing carbamyl‐epitopes and malondialdehyde (MDA)/malondialdehyde acetaldehyde (MAA) ‐adducts. We used a phage display technique to clone a human Fab antibody that bound to carbamylated LDL and other carbamylated proteins. Anti‐carbamyl‐Fab (Fab106) cross‐reacted with oxidation‐specific epitopes, especially with MDA‐LDL and MAA‐LDL. We showed that Fab106 bound to apoptotic Jurkat cells known to contain these oxidation‐specific epitopes, and the binding was competed with soluble carbamylated and MDA‐/MAA‐modified LDL and BSA. In addition, Fab106 was able to block the uptake of carbamyl‐LDL and MDA‐LDL by macrophages and stained mouse atherosclerotic lesions. The observed cross‐reaction between carbamylated and MDA‐/MAA‐modified LDL and its contribution to enhanced atherogenesis in uraemic patients require further investigation. 相似文献
9.
Utriainen P Laakso S Jääskeläinen J Voutilainen R 《Metabolism: clinical and experimental》2012,61(9):1215-1219
Premature adrenarche (PA) refers to an earlier than normal increase in adrenocortical androgen production. The pathogenesis of PA remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that common polymorphisms at P450 oxidoreductase (POR), steroid sulfotransferase (SULT2A1), or 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) genes could contribute to the polygenic pathogenesis of PA. We performed a case–control study on the polymorphisms rs1057868 at POR, rs182420 at SULT2A1, and rs12086634 at HSD11B1. The study cohort comprised 73 prepubertal children with PA (defined by clinical signs) and 97 age- and gender-matched healthy controls from a Finnish Caucasian population. Genotype distributions and clinical and metabolic phenotypes were determined. The genotype distributions of the polymorphisms were similar between the study groups. No variant was associated with alterations in serum adrenal steroid concentrations. The minor C variant at SULT2A1 was associated with higher serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations (T/T, n = 64 vs T/C&;C/C, n = 33; mean 94 vs 116 nmol/L; P = .001) and a trend for lower dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate/dehydroepiandrosterone ratios in the controls (P = .06), and with higher plasma total cholesterol concentrations in the PA subjects (T/T, n = 42 vs T/C&;C/C, n = 31; 4.0 vs 4.6 mmol/L; P < .001). The minor G variant at HSD11B1 was associated with lower plasma triglyceride concentration in the controls (T/T, n = 65 vs T/G&;G/G, n = 32; 0.61 vs 0.49 mmol/L; P = .013). Common polymorphisms at POR, SULT2A1 or HSD11B1 were not associated with PA in a Finnish Caucasian population. 相似文献
10.
Timo Partonen Pauliina Piiroinen Jouko Lonnqvist 《International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice》2013,17(2):151-154
INTRODUCTION: We investigated those psychiatric patients whose reason for seeking medical help was primarily a physical condition. Our objectives were to analyse to what extent they suffered from seasonal variation in mood and behaviour during winter, and to examine whether these patients were evenly distributed between the categories of the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (ICD-10) by their primary diagnosis of mental disorder. METHOD: Patients attending the psychiatric services of a consultation liaison unit were interviewed for diagnosis, and were asked to fill in a questionnaire on seasonal variation in mood and behaviour. RESULTS: Our results suggest that there are many patients fulfilling the criteria based on the Seasonal Pattern Assessment uestionnaire (SPA) for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) or for subsyndromal SAD, not only in the ICD-10 diagnosis category of mood (affective) disorders but also in other disorder categories. CONCLUSION: This observation is of importance to hospital and private clinicians, as it emphasizes the need to assess the clinical picture in detail and to consider treatment alternatives for patients presenting with mental disorder with a seasonal pattern. (Int J Psych Clin Pract 2000; 4:151-154) 相似文献