The relationship between fertility potential measurements on cryobanked semen and fecundity of sperm donors

Sperm penetration assay (SPA) scores obtained from cryobanked semen were correlated with therapeutic insemination (TI) fecundity in a group of established sperm donors, thereby evaluating the efficacy of the SPA in screening donors for sperm banking. While the SPA has been used to separate fertile from infertile males, we altered assay conditions to use frozen semen and to distinguish performance among fertile donors. Three frozen ejaculates from 11 pregnancy-proven donors were analysed. Of 905 TI cycles, 275 recipients achieved 95 pregnancies. There were no significant relationships between fecundity and donor semen, washed sperm parameters, sperm recoveries or recipient age. A significant relationship was revealed between mean SPA scores (range 8.7-66.6 penetrations/ovum) and donor fecundity (range 0.04-0.16, P < 0.03). Sperm concentration was varied in an effort to establish the most sensitive test condition. Using 0.25x10(6) motile spermatozoa/ml, a highly significant relationship was observed (P < 0.002). The four donors with the lowest SPA scores achieved the four lowest fecundities. It is concluded that a modified SPA can be used on frozen donor semen to estimate donor fertility potential. If applied routinely in donor semen banking, poor quality applicants could be excluded, thereby increasing pregnancy rates while decreasing donor screening costs.     

用LC／MS／MS和RP—HPLC法对泻心汤煎煮产生的沉淀物的研究

目的：用ＬＣ／ＭＳ／ＭＳ和ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ法研究沔心汤煎煮产生的沉淀物。方法：利用ＬＣ－ＭＳ－ＭＳ法对淀心肠沉淀物进行了初步研究,又利用ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ法,测定了淀心汤沉淀物中小檗碱在小鼠体内的吸收。结果：发现其中含有小檗碱、巴马丁碱、黄连碱、药根碱,但在给小鼠灌服淀心汤沉淀物后２４ｈ内的几个时间段中,均未能从血浆中测到小檗碱。结论：淀心汤沉淀物进入体内后小檗碱并未进入血液,推测如果淀心汤沉淀物具有恬     

Crystal structure and luminescence properties of a novel single-phase orange-red emitting phosphor Ca9La (PO4)7:Sm3+

Ca₉La_1−x(PO₄)₇:xSm³⁺ phosphors (0.01 < x < 0.25) were synthesized via high temperature solid-state reaction. Their properties including crystal structure, decay performance, thermal stability and photoluminescence were examined in detail. Phase analysis indicated that the phosphors crystallized in a rhombohedral structure, and the emission spectra of the phosphors consisted of four peaks centered around 570, 607, 653, and 714 nm, attributed to Sm³⁺ ions transitions ⁴G_5/2 → ⁶H_J (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2, and 11/2, respectively). The optimal Sm³⁺ doping content was 0.12 mol and the Ca₉La(PO₄)₇:Sm³⁺ phosphor also exhibited better thermal stability compared to other phosphors. In addition, the mechanism behind the energy transfer between Sm³⁺ ions was determined to be dipole–dipole interactions as described by Dexter theory. The results indicated that as orange-red phosphors, Ca₉La (PO₄)₇:Sm³⁺ phosphors were promising candidates for being integrated into white light emitting diodes.

Ca₉La_1–x(PO₄)₇:xSm³⁺ phosphors (0.01 < x < 0.25) were successfully synthesized. Crystal structure and luminescence properties of the phosphors were discussed in detail.     

Recombinant platelet factor 4 for heparin neutralization

Protamine sulfate has been used for many years to reverse the effects of unfractionated heparin, but it can cause hemodynamic changes and other serious side effects. Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is a naturally occurring protein synthesized in megakaryocytes and eventually stored in the alpha granules of platelets for later release. Although the complete physiologic role of PF4 is unknown, it is highly effective for the neutralization of heparin anticoagulation. Several preliminary animal studies and trials using blood obtained from cardiopulmonary bypass circuits suggested recombinant PF4 (rPF4) would be an effective alternative to protamine. In the first open-label, phase 1 human study, patients received rPF4 in doses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/kg over 3 minutes to reverse heparin anticoagulation after diagnostic cardiac catheterization. There were no important hemodynamic changes and the rPF4 was highly effective in neutralizing heparin. Serial measurements of rPF4 levels showed a monophasic elimination pattern with a serum half-life of 25.5 +/- 13.5 minutes that was independent of dose administered. A randomized and blinded trial comparing rPF4 to protamine confirmed the safety and effectiveness of rPF4. Although rPF4 was initially being evaluated as a clinical alternative to protamine, it is not currently being developed for general clinical use.     

脾虚证胃粘膜形态DNA cAMP微量元素改变的临床与实验研究

目的研究脾虚证实质、脾虚证与胃癌发生的关系。方法采用 IBAS2000型图象分析系统、501B 型扫描电镜附有9100/60型能量色散 X 分析仪,以及组织化学与放射免疫方法,检测脾虚证患者胃粘膜超微结构、肠化生亚型、DNA、cAMP、微量元素及其氧化物。结果脾虚色滞证患者中胃癌发生率、不完全性结肠型肠化生发生率和"背景病变"发生率均显著高于脾气虚证患者;胃粘膜 cAMP、Zn、Cu、ZnO 和 Cuo 含量,随着肠化生完全性至不完全性、小肠型至结肠型的顺序递减;而 DNA 含量则随以上顺序递增,P<0.05～0.001。胃粘膜不完全性结肠型肠化生组织内 DNA、cAMP、Zn、Cu、ZnO 和 CuO 含量则与胃癌组织同元显著性差异。结论脾虚气滞证胃病有癌变倾向;不完全性结肠型肠化生与胃癌的发生有密切关系。@何雪芬$目的!研究脾虚证实质、脾虚证与胃癌发生的关系。方法采用 IBAS2000型图象分析系统、501B 型扫描电镜附有9100/60型能量色散 X 分析仪,以及组织化学与放射免疫方法,检测脾虚证患者胃粘膜超微结构、肠化生亚型、DNA、cAMP、微量元素及其氧化物。结果脾虚色滞证患者中胃癌发生率、不完全性结肠型肠化生发生率和"背景病变"发生率均显著高于脾气虚证患者;胃粘膜 cAMP、Zn、Cu、ZnO 和 Cuo 含量,随着肠化生完全性至不完全性、小肠型至结肠型的顺序递减;而 DNA 含量则随以上顺序递增,P<0.05～0.001。胃粘膜不完全性结肠型肠化生组织内 DNA、cAMP、Zn、Cu、ZnO 和 CuO 含量则与胃癌组织同元显著性差异。结论脾虚气滞证胃病有癌变倾向;不完全性结肠型肠化生与胃癌的发生有密切关系。@尹玉芬$目的!研究脾虚证实质、脾虚证与胃癌发生的关系。方法采用 IBAS2000型图象分析系统、501B 型扫描电镜附有9100/60型能量色散 X 分析仪,以及组织化学与放射免疫方法,检测脾虚证患者胃粘膜超微结构、肠化生亚型、DNA、cAMP、微量元素及其氧化物。结果脾虚色滞证患者中胃癌发生率、不完全性结肠型肠化生发生率和"背景病变"发生率均显著高于脾气虚证患者;胃粘膜 cAMP、Zn、Cu、ZnO 和 Cuo 含量,随着肠化生完全性至不完全性、小肠型至结肠型的顺序递减;而 DNA 含量则随以上顺序递增,P<0.05～0.001。胃粘膜不完全性结肠型肠化生组织内 DNA、cAMP、Zn、Cu、ZnO 和 CuO 含量则与胃癌组织同元显著性差异。结论脾虚气滞证胃病有癌变倾向;不完全性结肠型肠化生与胃癌的发生有密切关系。     

Coronary Stent Infections: A Case Report and Literature Review

Although rare, coronary artery stent infections are associated with a high mortality rate. Since the introduction of coronary stents in 1987, only 16 cases of infection have been reported. We report a new case in a 66-year-old woman who had undergone a difficult percutaneous coronary intervention procedure, during which 3 overlapping stents were implanted in the mid portion of the right coronary artery. Twenty-two days after the procedure, the patient died. Autopsy revealed the cause of death to be pericardial tamponade due to rupture of the right ventricular myocardium. The stented portion of the right coronary artery was enveloped by an abscess, and purulent material completely occluded the stents. Cultures of the myocardium were positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We conducted a review of the literature on coronary artery stent infections. Data suggest that early-onset infections (<10 days after stent implantation) are potentially amenable to medical therapy alone, but late-onset infections (≥10 days after implantation) or major complications necessitate combined surgical and medical therapy. Medical therapy consists of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Surgical intervention includes stent removal if possible, and abscess drainage or perforation repair when indicated.Key words: Blood vessel prosthesis implantation/adverse effects, coronary stent infections, prosthesis-related infections/complications/diagnosis/therapy, stents/adverse effects, Staphylococcus aureusCoronary artery stents have been in use for more than 2 decades. Stent infections are rare, hard to treat, and potentially devastating. Our treatment of a patient with a coronary stent abscess prompted us to review the literature. From our experience and the evaluation of previously reported cases,^1–14 we propose an approach for diagnosing and treating these infections.     

Tolerance of the canine bladder to intraoperative radiation therapy: an experimental study

An experimental study of bladder tolerance to intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) was designed using a large animal model (adult American Foxhounds, weight 25-30 kg) to access acute and late radiation effects. Dogs were subjected to laparotomy where the bladder was mobilized and IORT was delivered using a 5 cm circular cone through a cystotomy incision with 12 MeV electrons. The bladder trigone including both ureteral orifices and the proximal urethra was irradiated in groups of 3 dogs with doses of 0, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 Gy. Dogs were followed clinically with repeat urinalysis, intravenous pyelogram (IVP), and cystometrogram at 1 month and then Q6 months for up to 4 years. One dog from each dose group was sacrificed electively at 1 and 2 years, whereas the other dog is being followed clinically for a minimum of 4 years. Complete autopsies were performed with particular attention to genitourinary and pelvic structures. No clinically detectable acute toxicity resulted from IORT to the bladder. Three of 15 IORT dogs (1 each at 25, 35, and 40 Gy) showed obstruction of a ureteral orifice with 2 dogs dying of renal failure secondary to bilateral hydronephrosis within 1-2 years of treatment. The remaining 12 IORT dogs and 3 control dogs have normal repeat IVP's and renal function with up to 4 years of follow-up. Serial cystometry demonstrates no major loss of bladder contractility or volume. At autopsy, histological changes of mucosal thinning and telangiectasia with submucosal fibrosis were confined to the IORT field and appeared dose-related. However, the bladder epithelium remained intact at all doses. The ureterovesical junction in animals receiving 20 Gy showed mild fibrosis of the lamina propria and moderate chronic inflammation. Above 20 Gy, these histological changes at the U-V junction were more pronounced with gross stenosis in 3 animals as predicted by the IVP. We conclude that the bladder trigone will tolerate IORT to 20 Gy without major clinical sequellae. Above 20 Gy, progressive inflammation and fibrosis of the U-V junction resulted in obstructive hydronephrosis in three animals within 1-2 years of IORT. The bladder mucosa remained intact with doses to 40 Gy, although submucosal fibrosis and chronic inflammation were evident and appeared dose-related. However, bladder function as measured by cystometry showed essentially no change with follow-up to 4 years. From this large animal study, IORT for early-stage bladder carcinoma is technically feasible and deserves a careful clinical study.     

影响一步制粒机制粒因素探讨

本文介绍了一步制粒法的优点,重点探讨了影响一步制粒的9项主要因素及控制方法。