全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2987篇 |
免费 | 182篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 17篇 |
儿科学 | 200篇 |
妇产科学 | 61篇 |
基础医学 | 473篇 |
口腔科学 | 117篇 |
临床医学 | 259篇 |
内科学 | 534篇 |
皮肤病学 | 165篇 |
神经病学 | 295篇 |
特种医学 | 84篇 |
外科学 | 303篇 |
综合类 | 16篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 240篇 |
眼科学 | 28篇 |
药学 | 214篇 |
中国医学 | 4篇 |
肿瘤学 | 169篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 53篇 |
2020年 | 46篇 |
2019年 | 60篇 |
2018年 | 69篇 |
2017年 | 59篇 |
2016年 | 73篇 |
2015年 | 65篇 |
2014年 | 109篇 |
2013年 | 151篇 |
2012年 | 195篇 |
2011年 | 205篇 |
2010年 | 108篇 |
2009年 | 98篇 |
2008年 | 189篇 |
2007年 | 208篇 |
2006年 | 192篇 |
2005年 | 163篇 |
2004年 | 181篇 |
2003年 | 143篇 |
2002年 | 161篇 |
2001年 | 53篇 |
2000年 | 44篇 |
1999年 | 43篇 |
1998年 | 32篇 |
1997年 | 48篇 |
1996年 | 30篇 |
1995年 | 42篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 40篇 |
1991年 | 31篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1963年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有3181条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Hultling Claes; Rosenlund Bjorn; Tornblom Magnus; Sjoblom Peter; Garoff Leena; Nyman Claes; Hillensjo Torbjorn 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1995,10(4):847-850
Treatment of non-seminomatous testicular cancer often leadsto infertility due to anejaculation/retrograde ejaculation andpoor sperm quality. In these men spermatozoa may be obtainedby transrectal electroejaculation (TE), but the optimal strategyfor assisted procreation in these couples is not known. Ouraim was to examine whether TE and conventional in-vitro fertilization(IVF) would be successful. A total of 10 couples, with long-standinginfertility due to anejaculation or retrograde ejaculation aftertreatment for testicular cancer 514 years earlier, werereferred to our unit. All men underwent diagnostic TE undergeneral anaesthesia. Spermatozoa were recovered in nine cases.The antegrade fraction was prepared and used for IVF. Spermquality was variable and conventional IVF was considered impossiblein three cases. Altogether six IVF treatment cycles in six couplesresulted in five pregnancies, of which four resulted in a deliveryand one resulted in a spontaneous abortion. One additional pregnancyis ongoing after transfer of cryopreserved embryos. The fertilizationrate was 54% (33/61) and the cleavage rate was 97% (32/33).No complications relating to the procedure have been encountered. 相似文献
2.
3.
Leena Joseph R. Anuradha R. Nathuram V. V. Shaha M. C. Abani 《Applied radiation and isotopes》2003,59(5-6):359-362
National intercomparisons of activity measurements of 131I, a radioisotope widely used for diagnosis and therapy of thyroid related ailments, were initiated in 1979 as a quality assurance program, towards improving radiation safety procedures and related dosimetry in Nuclear Medicine Centres (NMCs) in India. Oral administration of a known quantity of radioiodine to patients requires accurate radioactivity measurements to be performed on a well-calibrated isotope calibrators. Under or over estimation of the activity due to a faulty or uncalibrated isotope calibrator could provide misleading results. Calibration of isotope calibrators and the traceablity of subsequent measurements to the national standards laboratory is one of the essential basic radiation safety requirement of the IAEA. In view of the stringent quality assurance requirements for activity measurements imposed by Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, a National Intercomparison Program was initiated and to date ten such intercomparison programs have been conducted by the Radiation Safety Systems Division, of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. This program has benefited the participants by making their measurements traceable to the National Primary Standards. Over the years there has been a marked increase in the number of NMCs participating in the intercomparison programs. As a result, the number of institution showing large deviation from the correct value has decreased considerably over the years. This program thus, has enabled participating NMCs to check their isotope calibrators so as to ensure proper delivery of radiation dose to the patients and hence to optimise patient exposure. 相似文献
4.
Gabrielle A. Carlson M.D. Leena Ranade M.D. Aftab Qadir M.D. 《The Psychiatric quarterly》1992,63(4):391-411
This article summarizes the ways in which a clinician should think about medication use in children and describes practical usage of the most frequently used child psychopharmacologic agents.Leena Ranade, M.D., and Aftab Qadir, M.D., were Fellows in Child Psychiatry, State University of New York at Stony Brook at the time of writing this article. 相似文献
5.
Kaisa Heiskanen Pirjo Lindstr m-Sepp Leena Haataja Sirkka-Liisa Vaittinen Terttu Vartiainen Hannu Komulainen 《Toxicology》1995,100(1-3):121-128
Activities of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes were measured in the liver, kidney, duodenum and lung microsomes and cytosol fractions of Wistar rats after subchronic administration of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a potent bacterial mutagen in chlorinated drinking water. MX was administered by gavage at the dose level of 30 mg/kg for 18 weeks (low dose), or at the dose level which was raised gradually from 45 mg/kg for 7 weeks via 60 mg/kg for 2 weeks to a clearly toxic dose of 75 mg/kg for 5 weeks (high dose). Microsomal and cytosolic preparations were made and the activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (PROD), NADPH-cytochrome-c-reductase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were measured. Kidneys were affected most. A dose-dependent decrease was observed in EROD (90% in males, 80% in females at the high dose) and in PROD (58% in females, at the high dose) in kidneys. An increase was, however, detected in kidney NADPH-cytochrome-c-reductase (66% in females at high dose), UDPGT (89% in males and 97% in females at high dose) and GST activities (56% in males and 50% in females at high dose). MX caused only a few changes in the enzyme activities of the liver. The EROD activity was decreased 25% to 37%, both in the livers of males and females, but the total content of P450s was not altered. Hepatic GST activity was elevated in females in a dose-dependent manner (31% and 44%). GST activity was elevated in duodenum in females (59%) at the high dose. There were no marked changes in the enzyme activities in the lungs. MX was a weak inhibitor of EROD activity both in the liver and kidney microsomes in vitro, decreasing the EROD activity by 53% and 43%, respectively at the concentration of 0.9 mM. The results indicate that MX decreases the activity of phase I metabolism enzymes, but induces phase II conjugation enzyme activities, particularly in kidneys in vivo. It is possible that these changes contribute to metabolism of MX in kidneys and renders them susceptible to MX in the course of repeated exposure. 相似文献
6.
Dr. Elina Ikonen Armi Salo Mirja Somer Hannu Somer Leena Pääkkönen Leena Peltonen 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》1992,43(4):753-758
A 15-year-old boy with a terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4 is described. The patient has a mild clinical phenotype that is incompatible with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Careful neurological examination including CT scan did not show any signs of Huntington disease. The chromosomal breakpoint was analyzed by means of polymorphic DNA probes localized close to the tentative Huntington (HD) locus. The breakage has occurred between D4S43 and D4S90 loci and thus deletes part of the chromosomal candidate regions for the HD locus. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
7.
K A Canella K Peltonen H Yagi D M Jerina A Dipple 《Chemical research in toxicology》1992,5(5):685-690
Purine deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphates were reacted separately with the four configurational isomers of benzo[c]phenanthrene 3,4-dihydrodiol 1,2-epoxide. Products resulting from the cis and trans opening of the epoxide ring by the exocyclic amino groups of deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine 3'-phosphates were separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and identified by comparison of the observed circular dichroism spectra with the known spectra for the corresponding nucleoside adducts. The 16 structurally identified benzo[c]phenanthrene-purine deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphate adducts were then separately postlabeled according to the Randerath method, and the positions of the individual bisphosphates were mapped by thin-layer chromatography. Chromatographic conditions were developed that allowed separation of the four adducts for 3 of the 4 dihydrodiol epoxide isomers. 相似文献
8.
9.
Arto J. Turunen José A. Fernández Leena Lindgren Kaija T. Salmela Lauri E. Kyllönen Heikki Mäkisalo John H. Griffin Sanna M. Siitonen Jari Petäjä Eero J. Pesonen 《American journal of transplantation》2005,5(9):2204-2212
We studied the role of endogenous activated protein C (APC), the major physiological anti-coagulant with concomitant anti-inflammatory properties, on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in 45 patients participating in a larger trial comparing three immunosuppressive protocols in cadaveric renal transplantation: perioperative anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG, Fresenius AG, Bad Homburg, Germany), perioperative basiliximab and conventional triple therapy. Blood samples for assessing plasma APC, protein C, and lactoferrin concentrations, neutrophil CD11b and L-selectin expressions and blood leukocyte differential counts were obtained preoperatively and before reperfusion from central venous cannula, complemented with simultaneous samples from iliac artery and graft vein for calculation of transrenal differences (Delta) of study parameters at 1 and 5 min after reperfusion. Unlike basiliximab or conventional therapy groups, ATG infusion induced a substantial increase in plasma APC concentration (119 [88-144]% before infusion vs. 232 [85-1246]% after infusion, p<0.001), resulting in renal graft sequestration of APC at 1 min after reperfusion (Delta=-72 [-567 to 12]%, p<0.001). Graft APC consumption was associated with transrenal reduction of neutrophil activation markers (L-selectin r=0.7, p=0.01; lactoferrin r=-0.6, p=0.02; CD11b r=-0.8, p=0.001), and with both warm (r=0.6, p=0.01) and cold ischemia time (r=0.6, p=0.02) and donor age (r=0.6, p=0.01). These findings suggest that APC has an anti-inflammatory role in I/R injury in clinical renal transplantation. 相似文献
10.
This overview describes recent advances in molecular biology of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (CLN). Despite intensive research during last 20 years, the basic defects of these autosomal recessive-progressive encephalopathies of childhood remain unknown. Consequently, no specific cure is available. Methods of positional cloning (reverse genetics) starting from random linkage approach have been applied to search for gene defects in the infantile and juvenile forms of the disease. The results of this random search for disease loci have for the first time revealed molecular heterogeneity of CLN diseases. The gene defect causing the infantile form has been assigned to 1p32 in the Finnish family material, whereas the disease locus of the juvenile form has been localized to 16p12 in European and Canadian families. Finally, the gene defect causing the late infantile form has been excluded from both 1p32 and 16p12 chromosomal regions, referring to a third, still unknown locus causing CLN disease. Consequently, reliable prenatal and carrier diagnostics have now become possible in families with the infantile and juvenile forms of the disease, and DNA-based prenatal diagnostics have been successfully applied in the infantile form. Most importantly, the assignment of gene loci has brought these fatal brain diseases within the reach of molecular cloning strategies that eventually will result in revealing both the infantile and juvenile CLN genes and in identifying corresponding gene products. 相似文献