928株革兰阴性杆菌耐药性监测

目的：了解青岛地区临床分离的重要革兰阴性杆菌的耐药情况以指导合理用药。方法：2001年青岛3家医院临床分离的5种革兰阴性杆菌用Kirby-Bauer法进行药敏试验。结果：5种病原菌均占3家医院革兰阴性杆菌分离率的前5位，大肠埃希菌对氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药率达60％－87％，细菌对亚胺培南均呈高度敏感，但铜绿假单胞菌耐亚胺培南株占25．8％，头孢他啶的抗菌活性是三代头孢菌素中最高的；复方酶抑制剂表现出良好的抗菌活性。结论：细菌耐药问题仍是目前临床的严重问题，地域性的耐药性监测是必要的。     

Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Interphotoreceptor Matrix: Vectorial Secretion and Regulation

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) play an essential role in both normal and pathological extracellular matrix degradation, and a TIMP has been associated with at least one type of retinal degeneration. We have studied expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 by zymography, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblotting in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from normal, aged and diseased retinas. MMPs and TIMPs were found in the rat RPE, interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM), and in media conditioned by human and rat RPE in culture. In other polarized cells, MMPs and TIMP-2 are secreted vectorially towards the basal lamina. In the RPE, however, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 were secreted preferentially from the apical surface, the surface bordering the IPM. These findings provide new evidence that MMPs and TIMPs could play a role in the turnover of IPM components.Cell homogenates and conditioned media from RPE isolated from mutant Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats with inherited retinal dystrophy had similar amounts of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 as those from congenic control rats. The secretion of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 from RPE cell cultures isolated from young and aged human donors varied widely. However, with increasing cell passage number, secretion of MMPs and TIMPs from human RPE increased dramatically. Also, growing human RPE on bovine corneal endothelial cell-generated extracellular matrix instead of plastic reduced the secretion of both MMPs and TIMPs. These data suggest that the integrity of Bruch's membrane may serve to regulate RPE functions in MMP and TIMP secretion and that extracellular matrices contain signals that regulate MMP and TIMP synthesis and/or secretion by the RPE.     

肩胛皮瓣再造阴茎

目的：探索一种新的阴茎再造手术方式。方法：应用肩胛皮瓣游离移植和银丝棒硅胶阴茎假体置入行阴茎再造。结果：自2000年3月起，已在临床应用6例，术后皮瓣全部成活。经随访6－12个月，阴茎形态和功能良好，结论：此手术方法设计合理，术后形态功能良好，供区无明显继发畸形，是一种较好的阴茎再造方法。     

脊髓源星形胶质细胞GFAP表达抑制真核表达载体构建及最佳短发夹样RNA分子筛选

目的构建并筛选大鼠胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）表达抑制短发夹样RNA（shRNA）真核表达载体。方法针对GFAP基因全编码序列设计并合成三对9bp茎环结构、19bp干扰序列特异性shRNA模板，体外定向克隆构建特异性重组质粒真核表达载体；通过体外大鼠脊髓源星形胶质细胞GFAP表达抑制模型，脂质体介导RNA干扰分子转染，实时荧光定量RT—PCR及Wesem blot技术观察RNA干扰后原代星形胶质细胞GFAP表达抑制效果．筛选最佳GFAP表达干扰抑制真核表达载体。结果序列测定证实GFAP—shRNA重组质粒真核表达载体构建成功，三对shRNA模板在mRNA及蛋白表达水平抑制靶基因表达效率分别为81％、63％、56％。结论高效率的GFAP—shRNA真核表达载体在大鼠原代星形胶质细胞GFAP表达抑制模型中能高效抑制GFAP基因表达，为后续多靶点RNA干扰技术在脊髓损伤胶质瘢痕抑制基因治疗中的应用奠定了前期基础。     

Complete structure of eclosion hormone of Manduca sexta

The locations of the three disulfide bonds of eclosion hormone (EH) isolated from Manduca sexta were assigned by sequence analysis of thermolysin fragments and by comparison of a key heterodimeric fragment to regiospecifically synthesized parallel and antiparallel isomers. We elucidated the complete structure of Manduca EH as a 62-residue peptide which has three disulfide bonds between Cys¹⁴-Cys³⁸, Cys¹⁸-Cys³⁴, and Cys²¹-Cys⁴⁹.     

茶叶多糖的研究进展

茶叶多糖是一种复合杂多糖，具有许多生物活性。作者系统地介绍了茶叶多糖的提取、分离、纯化、纯度鉴定及相对分子质量测定的方法，以及其含量和组成、理化性质、化学结构及空间构象、生物活性等方面的研究进展，并对上述方法及研究进展进行了分析和评述。     

皮肤磨削术治疗面部雀斑1400例临床分析

目的:探讨皮肤磨削术治疗面部雀斑的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析我院应用皮肤磨削术治疗面部中、重度雀斑1400例的临床效果。结果:治愈率为80%,轻度复发率为20%,总有效率为100%,其主要并发症为色素沉着。结论:皮肤磨削术是治疗面部雀斑的理想方法,只要严格掌握适应证,就能够取得良好的治疗效果。     

棘球蚴内容物导致肺损害的研究

目的 :观察棘球蚴囊内容物攻击兔所至肺功能和形态的损害。建立囊型包虫肺栓塞的动物模型。方法 :取囊型包虫内容物 ,分离出囊砂 ,与囊液配成 5 %的悬浊液。 2 1只家兔 ,分 3组 :Ⅰ :生理盐水组 ,Ⅱ :澄清囊液组 ,Ⅲ :囊砂悬浊液组。每只家兔都置入股动脉导管及股静脉导管。依照上述分组按 2mL/kg体重分别自静脉导管注射生理盐水、澄清囊液或含囊砂的悬浊液。于注射后 ( 5、30、6 0min)动态监测MAP、血气指标及血清血管活性物质(ET - 1、TXB2 、6 -keto -PGF1α)水平的变化。指标测定后 ,行肺部ECT检查。最后取出动物肺脏行光镜病检。结果 :Ⅲ组和Ⅱ组在注射后均出现MAP、血气指标的明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )和血清TXB2 、6 -keto -PGF1α的升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,尤以Ⅲ组最明显 (P <0 .0 5 )。各组动物血清ET - 1水平在注射前后无明显变化 (P >0 .0 1)。ECT显示Ⅲ组动物肺部放射性缺损 ,Ⅱ组动物肺部放射性减弱。Ⅲ组肺脏病检见头节广泛栓塞于肺小动脉、微小动脉中 ,肺脏呈“急性呼吸窘迫综合症样”改变。Ⅱ组肺组织出现淤血、水肿及炎细胞浸润。结论 :Ⅲ组动物基本能够模拟出囊型包虫病肺栓塞的临床表现。囊液中有形成分在肺损害中起着重要的作用。TXB2 、6 -keto -PGF1α参与了肺损伤病理过程。     

肾小管上皮细胞转分化过程中ILK的表达变化及大黄素对其的干预效应

目的:研究信号蛋白ILK在IL-1β诱导的肾小管上皮细胞-肌成纤维细胞转分化(TEMT)中的表达变化以及大黄素是否是通过抑制ILK的表达而影响IL-1β诱导的肾小管上皮细胞-肌成纤维细胞转分化.方法:以体外培养的正常大鼠肾小管上皮细胞株(NRK52E)为研究对象,分为空白对照组、大黄素对照组、IL-1β诱导组、IL-1β加大黄素组.在倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态变化;免疫双标法检测a-平滑肌肌动蛋白(a-SMA)和E-钙黏连素(E-cadherin)的表达;免疫单染检测ILK的表达;ELISA法测定培养细胞分泌的纤维连接蛋白(FN)含量.结果:IL-1β诱导细胞转变为明显类似成纤维细胞形态,增加a-SMA的表达[(65.5±1.7)vs(140.4±3.0),P<0.05],减少E-cadherin的表达[(82.5±1.0)vs(36.0±2.8),P<0.05),促进ILK的表达[(36.1±3.1)vs(82.4±1.2),P<0.05],促进FN的合成[(54.6±3.1)mg/Lvs(124.8±3.2)mg/L,P<0.05],加入大黄素后上述变化受到明显抑制.结论:在IL-1β诱导的TEMT中ILK的表达是明显上调的,大黄素可能通过下调ILK的表达而抑制IL-1β诱导的TEMT.     

贝类毒素检验及排除方法的研究进展

简要介绍了麻痹性贝类毒素、腹泻性贝类毒素、神经性贝类毒素及健忘性贝类毒素等贝类毒素的来源、性质、组成及中毒机理，并探讨了贝类毒素的检验及其排除方法。