硬膜外镇痛联合应用乙酰氨基酚在剖宫产术后的镇痛效果

目的：比较对乙酰氨基酚联合自控硬膜外镇痛的多模式术后镇痛与单纯自控硬膜外镇痛用于剖宫产产妇术后镇痛效果。方法：200名行剖宫产的产妇随机分为实验组（S组）和对照组（C组）,S组产妇在术前15min静脉注射对乙酰氨基酚1g,C组产妇在术前15min静脉注射安慰剂（生理盐水）。两组产妇均采用腰硬联合麻醉方案,缝合切口时启动自控硬膜外镇痛泵。术前、术后即刻、术后1天、术后2天观察疼痛强度和血清IL-6、IL -10水平;记录新生儿出生Apgar评分、术后阿片类药物使用量及术后不良反应、产妇满意度和对母乳喂养的影响程度。结果：术后1天疼痛评分S组显著低于C组。术后即刻、术后1天S组IL-6表达水平低于C组,而该时点S组IL-10表达水平高于C组（P＜0.05）。两组间不良反应、新生儿出生Apgar评分、产妇满意度和母乳喂养情况无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论：剖宫产术前静脉注射对乙酰氨基酚联合自控硬膜外镇痛比单独应用自控硬膜外镇痛能够为产妇提供更好的术后疼痛管理。     

5M1E分析法下的多学科诊疗管理预防耐碳青霉烯肠杆菌科细菌感染的研究

目的 研究5M1E分析法下的多学科诊疗管理预防耐碳青霉烯肠杆菌科细菌感染的价值。方法 本研究采取前瞻性研究,以2020年12月至2021年11月在太和县人民医院重症监护室进行治疗的84例患者作为研究对象,按照患者入住时间先后和登记顺序随机分组（登记序号为奇数纳入观察组,登记序号为偶数纳入对照组）,将以上患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组42例,观察组患者入住在重症监护室一病区,对照组患者入住在重症监护室二病区。观察组患者采取5M1E分析法下的多学科诊疗管理措施,对照组患者采取常规管理模式。两组患者均干预2周。比较两组患者的感染指标、医院管理措施、住院时间住院费用以及治疗满意度之间的差异。结果 观察组患者的CRE感染检出率、发现率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组患者的住院合理用药率、专组化诊疗率、物表清洁消毒合格率、医疗用品专用率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组患者的住院时间以及住院费用低于对照组,观察组患者的满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者的生存率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两...     

维生素A缺乏对小鼠胚胎Hox基因表达的影响

目的：观察维生素Ａ（ＶＡ）缺乏对小鼠胚胎ＨｏｘＣ４（３．５）和ＨｏｘＤ１０（４．５）基因表达量的影响。方法：初断乳的昆明小鼠,雌鼠４０ 只均分为正常对照组（Ａ）和维生素Ａ缺乏组（Ｂ）,分别饲含ＶＡ４０００ ＩＵ／ｋｇ 饲料和ＶＡ ０ ＩＵ／ｋｇ 饲料。雄鼠饲以普通饲料。在饲养的第１７ 周按雌∶雄＝ ２∶１ 合笼交配。在怀孕的第１２ 天和第１４ 天,分别对孕鼠颈椎脱臼处死,立刻剖腹取出胎鼠,迅速置于液氮中速冻后置于－ ７０℃冰箱保存。用地高辛标记的探针,采用原位杂交方法探测小鼠胎儿ＨｏｘＣ４（３．５）和ＨｏｘＤ１０（４．５）基因ｍ ＲＮＡ含量。结果：ＶＡ缺乏时,ｍ ＲＮＡ的含量明显减少。结论：ＶＡ缺乏导致Ｈｏｘ 基因表达量下降,从而影响小鼠胚胎的正常发育。     

维生素A缺乏对大鼠胚胎生长发育的影响

本文观察了维生素Ａ缺乏对大鼠胚胎生长发育的影响。结果显示：维生素Ａ缺乏使胎鼠的体重,身长,尾长明显小于对照组,囟门明显大于对照组,且维生素Ａ缺乏组第２、５、６胸骨残缺以及前爪骨化不完全者明显较多。脑淤血、脑水肿以及肾盂积水者也明显较多。维生素Ａ缺乏严重地影响了大鼠胚胎的正常生长发育。     

Expression and Significance of Toll-like Receptor 2, 4 of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Acute Abdomen Patients Associated with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

The changes of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 4 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the acute abdomen patients associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and their potential significance were explored. A clinical study was performed on 103 acute abdomen patients in whom 65 were associated with SIRS. Forty healthy individuals served as normal controls. The mRNA expression of TLR2, 4 was detected by RT-PCR, and the expression of TNF-αand EL-6 by ELISA. The level of plasma endotoxin, hospital stay and mortality were measured. It was found that the endotoxin level was increased to varying degrees in all the acute abdomen patients, and the endotoxin level was and hospital stay longer in SIRS group than in non-SIRS group (P<0.01). TLR2 mRNA, TLR4 mRNA, IL-6 and TNF-αcould be detected with low value in normal controls, but they were up-regulated markedly on the 1st day after admission. Then TLR4 mRNA, IL-6 and TNF-αwere decreased gradually, but TLR2 mRNA maintained at a high level till the 5th day. These indexes above in SIRS group were higher than those in non-SIRS group (P<0.01). The results of correlation analysis revealed the expression of TLR2, 4 mRNA was positively correlated with the levels of TNF-αand IL-6, and the hospital stay. The results of Logistic regression demonstrated that over-expression of TLR2, 4 mRNA might result in higher risk of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). It was concluded that in the acute abdomen patients associated with SIRS, the expression of TLR2, 4 in PBMCs was increased markedly, suggesting that TLR might play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute abdomen associated with SIRS.     

肝脏移植术后自身免疫性溶血性贫血:附3例报告

目的分析肝脏移植术后自身免疫性溶血性贫血的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾肝脏移植后发生自身免疫性溶血性贫血的3例患者的诊断及治疗前后的溶血象检查,血红蛋白、白细胞、血小板、总胆红素和谷丙转氨酶的变化趋势。结果 3例患者均出现与免疫抑制剂可能相关的自身免疫性溶血性贫血,经过治疗后均得到有效控制。结论肝脏移植后自身免疫性溶血性贫血是肝脏移植后少见并发症之一,明确其诊断后进行针对性治疗,可成功治愈。     

《2022年英国肝病学会实践指南：肝豆状核变性的评估诊断和治疗管理》摘译

<正>肝豆状核变性是一种常染色体隐性遗传铜代谢障碍性疾病,由ATP7B基因变异导致胆道铜排泄受阻,过量的铜积聚在全身多个组织器官,从而出现肝病、运动障碍、精神症状以及眼部、肾脏和血液系统受损的表现。该病临床表现特异性不强且变异程度大,尚无一项单独检查可诊断或排除该病,常导致诊断延误、漏诊或误诊;目前肝豆状核变性治疗方案多样,且常出现副作用以及神经系统症状恶化的可能;     

Insights into the theranostic value of precision medicine on advanced radiotherapy to breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. “Breast cancer” encompasses a broad spectrum of diseases (i.e., subtypes) with significant epidemiological, clinical, and biological heterogeneity. Each of these subtypes has a different natural history and prognostic profile. Although tumour staging (TNM classification) still provides valuable information in the overall management of breast cancer, the current reality is that clinicians must consider other biological and molecular factors that directly influence treatment decision-making, including extent of surgery, indication for chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and even radiotherapy (and treatment volumes). The management of breast cancer has changed radically in the last 15 years due to significant advances in our understanding of these tumours. While these changes have been extremely positive in terms of surgical and systemic management, they have also created significant uncertainties concerning integration of local and locoregional radiotherapy into the therapeutic scheme. In parallel, radiotherapy itself has also experienced major advances. Beyond the evident technological advances, new radiobiological concepts have emerged, and genomic data and other patient-specific factors must now be integrated into individualized treatment approaches. In this context, “precision medicine” seeks to provide an answer to these open questions and uncertainties. Although precision medicine has been much discussed in the last five years or so, the concept remains somewhat ambiguous, and it often appear to be used as a “catch-all” term. The present review aims to clarify the meaning of this term and, more importantly, to critically evaluate the role and impact of precision medicine on breast cancer radiotherapy. Finally, we will discuss the current and future of precision medicine in radiotherapy.     

磁共振神经成像对吉兰-巴雷综合征的诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振神经成像(MRN)对吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)的诊断价值。方法对临床诊断为GBS(28例)患者行腰丛神经MRN检查。测量右侧L4神经干及股神经肌肉信号比,检测患者的脑脊液蛋白-细胞值,分析脑脊液蛋白值与NMSR的相关性。结果 GBS患者脑脊液蛋白及神经干、股神经的NMSR相关检验均呈正相关(rs=0.767、0.667,P<0.001)。结论 GBS脑脊液蛋白的改变会引起神经干、股神经NMSR的改变,MRN可作为GBS的诊断的重要手段。