Searching for the Favorable Donor Site for Fat Injection: In Vivo Study Using the Nude Mice Model

BACKGROUND: The use of suctioned fat grafts for correction of soft tissue defects is a widespread procedure in esthetic and reconstructive surgery. The main disadvantage of this simple and sensible procedure is the unpredictable absorption rate of the fat graft. A lot of research has been performed aiming for enhancement of the take of the fat grafts. OBJECTIVE: Our study was performed to find if there is any favorable donor site for fat harvesting. METHODS: This in vivo experiment using the nude mice model enables the study of the long-term survival of human fat in an animal model. The fat was harvested from three donor areas: the thigh, abdomen, and breast of a 48-year-old woman who came for an elective esthetic procedure. After centrifugation, 1 cc of fat was injected subcutaneously into the scalp of the nude mouse. There were 15 mice in each of the three groups, according to the selected donor sites. The animals were sacrificed 16 weeks after the procedure. The extracted fat was evaluated in terms of weight, volume, and six histologic parameters: integrity, vascularization, cyst formation, fibrosis, necrosis, and inflammation. RESULTS: This study could not find any statistically significant differences between the three investigated donor sites in the evaluated parameters. CONCLUSION: On the basis of this study, there is no favorable area for harvesting fat grafts. The donor site can be chosen according to the preference of the surgeon and the patient.     

Effect of liposome surface charge on the stability of technetium (99mTc) radiolabelled liposomes

Using liposomes radiolabelled by the 99mTechnetium-stannous chloride technique we have investigated the effect of surface charge on the stability of the isotope in vitro and in vivo. Dialysis of 99mTc-labelled positive, negative and neutral liposomes, which had been incubated in either saline or normal rat serum showed no significant loss of the isotope from the liposome surface with only 2 per cent of the isotope dialysed. A comparison of gel chromatography with dialysis confirmed that most of the isotope remained attached to the liposome surface, but it did reveal greater loss of the isotope, between 15 and 23 per cent. The liposome clearance rates obtained from 125I-egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) and 99mTc dual-labelled positive or neutral liposomes were significantly different. The 99mTc marker was cleared five times faster from the positive liposomes and twice as fast from the neutral liposomes as the 125I-EPC integral membrane marker. The 99mTc attached to liposomes with a negative surface charge was stable in vivo and had the same clearance rate from the circulation as the 125I-EPC marker. These results indicate that the commonly used in vitro techniques for assessing liposome radiolabel stability are unsuitable for predicting the stability of the 99mTc in vivo.     

The use of a subperiosteal tissue expander in rib reconstruction of an atrophic mandible

A technique is described that provides adequate coverage for rib grafts used in reconstruction of the atrophic mandible. The flaps are highly vascular and thick because of the fibrous capsule that forms around the tissue expander. A one-stage expansion technique is used that reduces the total time needed for reconstruction.     

Does listening to the sound of yourself chewing increase your enjoyment of food?

Background  

The aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship between physical anhedonia and psychopathological parameters, pharmacological parameters or motor side-effects in a sample of inpatients with schizophrenia in an acute episode of their illness.     

Solid variant of odontogenic keratocyst

A case of an unusual lesion from the maxilla is presented. Macroscopically, the lesion was solid and histologically consisted of 'multiple separate keratocysts' of varying size that infiltrated into the surrounding bone and soft tissues. Panoramic image and CT scans showed a multilocular honeycomb ill-defined radiolucency with infiltration into the maxillary sinus and floor of orbit. This lesion should be differentiated from similar odontogenic lesions, such as keratoameloblastoma and papilliferous keratoameloblastoma. As there was no evidence of follicles, islands of ameloblastoma, or papilliferous structures in the entire specimen, the lesion could not be diagnosed as either a keratoameloblastoma or a papilliferous keratoameloblastoma. The invasive and destructive growth behavior, the histopathological features, and the histochemical pattern of the collagen stroma imply that this solid lesion is a neoplasia. It is suggested that the proper term for this lesion is solid variant of odontogenic keratocyst.     

Monoclonal antibodies to restricted and cross-reactive idiotopes on monoclonal rheumatoid factors and their recognition of idiotope-positive cells

Four human monoclonal rheumatoid factors (MRF) were used to raise a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) which were selected in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for binding to MRF but not normal IgM. Three mAb, each raised against a different MRF, bound to the majority of MRF and also to most polyclonal RF. Four other mAb bound selectively to the MRF against which they were raised and to no other MRF, and rarely to any polyclonal RF. Competition studies using cold and radiolabeled mAb further indicated that these mAb recognize distinct and different epitopes on MRF. RF activity of MRF was inhibited by 3 of the 4 mAb binding to a single MRF and 2 of the 3 mAb binding to multiple RF. It was thus concluded that of this panel of mAb 3 recognized cross-reactive idiotopes and the remainder demonstrated highly restricted idiotopes on MRF. These mAb identified MRF idiotopebearing cells in the peripheral blood of 3 of the MRF donors (and a further subject with type II essential cryoglobulinemia), with a frequency ranging from 0.3–10% of all mononuclear cells with the mAb to restricted idiotopes or 1.5–17% with mAb to cross-reactive idiotopes. These anti-idiotopic mAb should thus provide a highly specific means of identifying and monitoring MRF-producing cells in vivo.