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1.
The association of diet, obesity, and breast cancer in Hawaii. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M T Goodman A M Nomura L R Wilkens J Hankin 《Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention》1992,1(4):269-275
A case-control study of the association of dietary fat and animal protein consumption with breast cancer was conducted between 1975 and 1980 on Oahu, Hawaii. Data from this study were used to explore the relation of selected foods and the interaction of nutrients and foods with other factors, such as body size, age at menopause, and ethnicity on the risk for breast cancer. The sample included 272 postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 296 neighborhood controls. Study participants included Japanese and Caucasian women, aged 45 to 74, who were residents of Oahu. There was a suggestion of a positive-dose response relation (P < 0.01) between sausage consumption and the odds ratio for breast cancer. Significant odds ratios for breast cancer were also found for higher intakes (above the 50th percentile) of diary items, sausage, and all meats combined. The dose-response relation for nutrients and foods tended to be stronger among women with a high Benn's index (kg/cm1.5182) compared to women with a low Benn's index. In general, subjects with high dietary intakes of fat and animal protein who were in the upper 50th percentile of body size were at the greatest risk for breast cancer. However, there was no evidence for an interaction between the dietary variables and body size, ethnic group, age at menarche, age at menopause, or age at first birth that would affect the odds ratio for breast cancer. These data suggest that women with both a high intake of foods rich in fat and animal protein and with a large body size are at increased risk for breast cancer. 相似文献
2.
To investigate an association between colon cancer and obesity during early adulthood—a potentially important period in the etiology of this disease—the authors assembled, by computer linkage, a population-based historical cohort of 52,539 men born between 1913 and 1927 residing in Hawaii (USA), for whom weight and height had been recorded in 1942–43 and 1972. Linkage of this cohort to the Hawaii Tumor Registry resulted in the identification of 737 incident cases of colorectal cancer for 1972–86. An average of 3.8 cancer-free controls were matched to each case on month and year of birth and ethnicity of the parents. A case-control analysis in each anatomic subsite of the large bowel revealed that both early and middle-age body mass increased the risk of sigmoid cancer in men in a dose-dependent fashion. The odds ratios (OR) for sigmoid cancer for the highest compared with the lowest tertiles of Quetelet index were: 2.1 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.4–3.2) and 1.7 (CI=1.1–2.5), at ages 15–29 and in prediagnostic years, respectively. These associations were additive and idependent of socioeconomic status. Men who were above the median Quetelet index in 1942 and 1972 had an OR of 2.7 (CI=1.8–4.0), compared with those who were below the median in both periods. This study provides further evidence for an association of obesity with colon cancer in men and suggests that this association is limited to the sigmoid colon and may be related to both early and late events of colon carcinogenesis.The authors are with the Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii. Address correspondence to Dr Le Marchand, Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala Street, Suite 407, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. This work was supported in part by Public Health Service grant 5-R29-CA44503 and contract NO1-CN-55424 from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. 相似文献
3.
Urban Sester Barbara C. Gärtner Heinrike Wilkens Bernhard Schwaab Rolf Wössner Ingrid Kindermann Matthias Girndt reas Meyerhans Nikolaus Mueller-Lantzsch Hans-Joachim Schäfers Gerhard W. Sybrecht Hans Köhler Martina Sester 《American journal of transplantation》2005,5(6):1483-1489
Patients after kidney, heart and lung transplantation differ in their immunosuppressive drug regimens and in susceptibility to infectious complications with cytomegalovirus (CMV). In this study, CMV-specific T-cell responses were characterized in long-term transplant recipients and associated with the frequency of infectious complications. CMV-reactive CD4 T cells from 50 healthy controls, 68 renal, 14 heart and 24 lung transplant recipients were flow cytometrically quantified by the induction of cytokines after specific stimulation. Moreover, the immunosuppressive effect of calcineurin inhibitors on specific T-cell reactivity was quantified in vitro and compared with responses in vivo. Median CMV-specific T-cell frequencies in long-term renal (1.48%; range 0.06-17.26%) and heart transplant recipients (0.90%; 0.13-12.49%) did not differ from controls (1.82%; 0.26-21.00%). In contrast, CMV-specific T-cell levels were significantly lower in lung transplant recipients (0.50%; <0.05-4.98%) and showed a significant correlation with the frequency of infectious episodes (r =-0.57, p = 0.005). The differences within the groups were associated with increasing dosages of immunosuppressive drugs, as exemplified for calcineurin inhibitors that dose dependently reduced specific T-cell reactivity in vitro. In conclusion, monitoring CMV-specific CD4 T cells may serve as a measure for long-term disease susceptibility and may contribute to an improved management of CMV complications after lung transplantation. 相似文献
4.
I. C. Chi L. R. Wilkens C. B. Champion R. E. Machemer R. Rivera 《Advances in Contraception》1989,5(2):101-119
The possible effect of breastfeeding on intrauterine device (IUD) insertion events was investigated. Analysis included a total of 6493 women who enrolled in multicenter IUD clinical trials over a ten-year period. Findings indicate that breastfeeding exerts a protective effect on the incidence of moderate to severe insertional pain and reduces the need for cervical dilatation to facilitate insertion. The pain protection effect was most evident in breastfeeding women who were still in lactational amenorrhea. Subjects with amenorrhea, both breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding, had a significantly lower incidence of pain at IUD insertion than the corresponding menstruating subjects. This effect may be related to a higher secretion of beta-endorphin in the breastfeeding and lactational amenorrheic subjects.
Resumen Se investigaron en este estudio los posibles efectos del amamantamiento sobre la inserción de dispositivos intrauterinos (DIU). El estudio comprendió 6493 mujeres que participaron en ensayos clínicos en diversos centros durante un período de diez años. Los resultados indican que el amamantamiento ejerce un efecto protector contra la aparición de dolores moderados a fuertes en el momento de la inserción y reduce la necesidad de dilatar el cuello del útero para facilitar la inserción. Este efecto de protección contra el dolor predominó entre las mujeres que amamantaban y se hallaban aún en amenorrea de lactación. Las mujeres con amenorrea, tanto las que amamantaban como las que no lo hacían, señalaron un nivel de dolor significativamente menor en el momento de inserción del DIU que aquéllas cuyo ciclo menstrual se había reanudado. Este efecto puede estar relacionado con una mayor secreción de -endorfina en las mujeres en período de amamantamiento o de amenorrea de lactación.
Resumé Cette étude présente les effets possibles de l'allaitement au sein sur des phénomènes liés à l'insertion de dispositifs intra-utérins (DIU). La recherche portait 6493 femmes inscrites dans plusieurs centres pour participer à des essais cliniques pendant une période de dix ans. On a constaté que l'allaitement au sein a un effet protecteur contre l'apparition de douleurs modérées à fortes au moment de l'insertion et qu'il réduit la nécessité de dilater le col utérin en vue de faciliter l'insertion. Cet effet de protection contre les douleurs prédominait chez les femmes qui allaitaient et se trouvaient encore en aménorrhéc de lactation. Les douleurs au moment de l'insertion étaient significativement moins fréquentes au moment de la pose du DIU chez celles qui, allaitant ou non, étaient encore en période d'aménorrhée, que chez celles dont le cycle menstruel avait repris. Cet effet peut être lié à une sécrétion plus abondante de -endorphine chez les femmes en période d'allaitement ou d'aménorrhée de lactation.相似文献
5.
6.
Ludwig Wilkens Joelle Tchinda Dagmar Burkhardt Hans Heinrich Kreipe 《Pathobiology》2002,70(4):204-208
OBJECTIVE: Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has been established as an informative technique in genetic analysis. However, differences in the ratio of hybridization intensities were reported for particular chromosomes, which may affect CGH results. The aim of this study was to define these differences in more detail. For this purpose, CGH results of 70 samples of bone marrow cells (BMC) with normal karyotype in conventional cytogenetics (CC) were evaluated using seven different reference DNAs and two different DNA labeling systems. METHODS AND RESULTS: CGH using fluorochrome-conjugated nucleotides for DNA labeling indicated signal deviations in 21/70 BMC samples. Deviations affected chromosomes 1 (n = 21), 2 (n = 11), 4 (n = 11), 5 (n = 9), 6 (n = 7), 7 (n = 2), 8 (n = 2), 12 (n = 5), 13 (n = 15), 14 (n = 1), 16 (n = 17), 17 (n = 11), 19 (n = 21), 20 (n = 12), and/or 22 (n = 17). None of the imbalances were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Using digoxigenin and biotin-conjugated nucleotides in exemplary cases (n = 5) led to the disappearance of the signal deviations. Repeated CGH experiments using seven different reference DNAs showed remarkable variations in the signal deviations. CONCLUSION: Hybridization differences depend not only on the hapten or fluorochrome-labeled nucleotides used for DNA labeling, but also on the reference DNA chosen. Therefore, close control of CGH experiments is mandatory, and additional techniques such as FISH should be performed to confirm the results obtained by CGH. 相似文献
7.
Heidrun Gerr Dorothea Gadzicki Hans Kreipe Brigitte Schlegelberger Ludwig Wilkens 《Pathobiology》2006,73(6):271-279
OBJECTIVES: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become a useful tool to identify chromosomal aberrations in non-dividing cells. Numerous studies have compared chromosomal banding analysis (CBA) and FISH on fixed cultured bone marrow cells. However, up to now, there has been no study comparing two main sources of diagnostic material, i.e. bone marrow aspirates and trephine biopsies. We therefore analyzed these materials by FISH in comparison with CBA. METHODS: CBA revealed chromosomal aberrations in 18 patients suffering from myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 13), acute myeloid leukemia (n = 3), or chronic myeloproliferative syndrome (n = 2). FISH was performed on fixed cultured bone marrow cells, aspirates and trephine biopsies from each patient. RESULTS: Percentages of aberrant cells in the different materials correlated highly with Pearson values of 0.909 for biopsy/fixed cultured cells (p < 0.001), 0.830 for biopsy/aspirate (p < 0.001) and 0.768 for aspirate/fixed cultured cells (p < 0.001). Moreover, in bone marrow biopsies peritrabecular and central intertrabecular areas yielded very similar FISH results with a high correlation (r = 0.968, p < 0.001). FISH revealed a lower proportion of aberrant cells than CBA in 90% of the specimens. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the different materials available for the FISH examination are comparable in sensitivity and show similar quantitative results. Therefore, the use of biopsy sections for the routine FISH examination of chromosomal abnormalities is a valid method. 相似文献
8.
Differential effects of growth factors on tissue-engineered cartilage 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Blunk T Sieminski AL Gooch KJ Courter DL Hollander AP Nahir AM Langer R Vunjak-Novakovic G Freed LE 《Tissue engineering》2002,8(1):73-84
The effects of four regulatory factors on tissue-engineered cartilage were examined with specific focus on the ability to increase construct growth rate and concentrations of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen, the major extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Bovine calf articular chondrocytes were seeded onto biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds and cultured in medium with or without supplemental insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), interleukin-4 (IL-4), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). IGF-I, IL-4, and TGF-beta1 increased construct wet weights by 1.5-2.9-fold over 4 weeks of culture and increased amounts of cartilaginous ECM components. IGF-I (10-300 ng/mL) maintained wet weight fractions of GAG in constructs seeded at high cell density and increased by up to fivefold GAG fractions in constructs seeded at lower cell density. TGF-beta1 (30 ng/mL) increased wet weight fractions of total collagen by up to 1.4-fold while maintaining a high fraction of type II collagen (79 plus minus 11% of the total collagen). IL-4 (1-100 ng/mL) minimized the thickness of the GAG-depleted region at the construct surfaces. PDGF (1-100 ng/mL) decreased construct growth rate and ECM fractions. Different regulatory factors thus elicit significantly different chondrogenic responses and can be used to selectively control the growth rate and improve the composition of engineered cartilage. 相似文献
9.
Benjamin Coiffard Philipp M. Lepper Eloi Prud’Homme Florence Daviet Nadim Cassir Heinrike Wilkens Sami Hraiech Frank Langer Pascal A. Thomas Martine Reynaud-Gaubert Robert Bals Hans-Joachim Schäfers Laurent Papazian Frederik Seiler 《American journal of transplantation》2021,21(4):1586-1596
It is unknown if solid organ transplant recipients are at higher risk for severe COVID-19. The management of a lung transplantation (LTx) program and the therapeutic strategies to adapt the immunosuppressive regimen and antiviral measures is a major issue in the COVID-19 era, but little is known about worldwide practice. We sent out to 180 LTx centers worldwide in June 2020 a survey with 63 questions, both regarding the management of a LTx program in the COVID-19 era and the therapeutic strategies to treat COVID-19 LTx recipients. We received a total of 78 responses from 15 countries. Among participants, 81% declared a reduction of the activity and 47% restricted LTx for urgent cases only. Sixteen centers observed deaths on waiting listed patients and eight centers performed LTx for COVID-19 disease. In 62% of the centers, COVID-19 was diagnosed in LTx recipients, most of them not severe cases. The most common immunosuppressive management included a decreased dose or pausing of the cell cycle inhibitors. Remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin were the most proposed antiviral strategies. Most of the centers have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and proposed an active therapeutic strategy to treat LTx recipients with COVID-19. 相似文献
10.
Spontaneous tumor-specific humoral and cellular immune responses to NY-ESO-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Firouzeh Korangy Lars A Ormandy J?rg S Bleck Jürgen Klempnauer Ludwig Wilkens Michael P Manns Tim F Greten 《Clinical cancer research》2004,10(13):4332-4341
PURPOSE: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer around the world. Although several therapeutic approaches for treatment of HCC are available, survival rates for HCC patients are still very poor because of inefficient treatment options. For HCC, as well as other tumors, antigen-specific immunotherapy remains a viable approach that is dependent on the definition of tumor-associated antigens. NY-ESO-1, a member of the cancer testis antigen family, is one possible candidate for a tumor-specific antigen in HCC. The aim of this study was to show the relevance of NY-ESO-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Sera samples from 189 HCC patients were analyzed for NY-ESO-1-specific antibodies. Forty-nine HCC patients were screened for NY-ESO-1 mRNA expression in HCC tissue. Selected patients were followed for up to 3 years to correlate their immune response with their clinical course of events. NY-ESO-1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses from NY-ESO-1 seropositive patients were analyzed and a NY-ESO-1+ specific cytotoxic T-cell line was generated. RESULTS: Twelve of 49 analyzed tumor samples expressed NY-ESO-1 mRNA and 23 of 189 patients showed NY-ESO-1-specific antibody responses. These humoral immune responses were accompanied by NY-ESO-1-specific functional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. Finally, NY-ESO-1 humoral responses were dependent on the presence of NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a spontaneous immune response in HCC patients to a known tumor-specific antigen, NY-ESO-1 protein. Our data favor the possibility of immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of HCC. 相似文献