血管瘤样纤维组织细胞瘤3例临床病理分析

目的探讨血管瘤样纤维组织细胞瘤(angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma,AFH)的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析3例AFH的临床病理学特征、免疫表型及分子学检测,并复习相关文献。结果 3例患者均为女性,年龄47~63岁;主要表现为皮下或真皮缓慢生长的无痛性肿块,2例位于腹股沟区,1例位于前臂。眼观:灰白色结节,长径1.0~2.0 cm,切面呈灰白色,局灶点状灰红色,囊实性。镜检:增生的组织细胞样细胞、肌样细胞和上皮样细胞呈多结节状生长,3例均可见假血管样腔隙,2例有较厚的纤维性假包膜及周围见淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润。免疫表型:CD68、vimentin及SMA均阳性,2例CD99、EMA阳性,CD34、desmin、CK、CD45、S-100及HMB-45均阴性,Ki-67增殖指数0~15%。分子病理:FISH法检测t(22q12)(EWSR1)阳性。结论 AFH属于较为少见的中间型(偶有转移性)肿瘤,好发于儿童和青少年,发生的位置较表浅,临床特征不明显,常被误诊为血管瘤或血肿。病理形态学特征为该病的主要诊断依据,免疫组化标记及分子检测有助于诊断及鉴别诊断。治疗方法以局部适当扩大切除为主,术后密切随访,一般预后良好。     

血管生成拟态在直肠腺癌中的临床病理意义

目的通过搜集相关资料研究直肠腺癌中血管生成拟态(VM)是否存在及其相关临床病理意义。方法收集176例直肠腺癌相关临床病理资料,利用免疫组织化学EliVisionTM plus的方法,观察其中是否存在VM,将其分成阳性和阴性2组,分析VM的存在是否与相关临床病理指标之间有关。结果176例组织标本中35例VM为阳性,阳性率为19.89%,不同性别、年龄组及肿瘤的长径间VM的形成差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而在低分化组、伴有血管、神经侵犯组、伴有淋巴结转移组的VM阳性率显著较高(P＜0.01)。多因素回归分析表明VM的阳性表达率越高,病人的生存时间越短(P＜0.01);有淋巴结转移的病人比无淋巴结转移的病人生存时间短(P＜0.01);有血管、神经侵犯的病人比无血管、神经侵犯的病人生存时间短(P＜0.05)。结论VM存在于直肠腺癌中,且VM的形成对直肠腺癌的发生、发展及其预后都具有重要的意义。     

Vasculogenic mimicry and aberrant expression of HIF-lα/E-cad are associated with worse prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

This study aims to find good markers for predicting the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-lα (HIF-lα)/E-cad protein in ESCC were investigated by immunostaining. The association between VM, HIF-lα/E-cad and clinicopathologic characteristics and 5-year-survival rate of patients with ESCC was analyzed. A total of 160 ESCC specimens were involved in this study and 28 specimens of normal esophageal mucosa served as controls. VM channels were identified in 78 (48.75%) of the 160 ESCC specimens and none of the normal esophageal mucosa was found to have VM. The rates of high-expression of HIF-lα and E-cad in ESCC were 43.75% and 38.75%, while the rates in control were 17.86% and 71.43%, respectively (P<0.05 for all). VM and the expression levels of HIF-lα and E-cad were significantly related to lymph node metastasis, serosa infiltration, PTNM staging and 5-year-survival rates of patients with ESCC (P<0.05 for all). VM was positively correlated with HIF-lα but negatively with E-cad, and HIF-lα was negatively correlated with E-cad (P<0.001 for all). The 5-year-survival rate of patients with ESCC was 6.41% (5/78) in VM group and 65% (52/82) in non-VM group, 7.14% (5/70) in high HIF-lα expression group and 57.78% (52/90) in low HIF-lα expression group. Oppositely, the 5-year-survival rate in high E-cad expression group was 80.65% (50/62) and that in low E-cad expression group was 7.37% (7/98) (P<0.05 for all). Cox multifactor regression analysis indicated that lymph node metastasis, PTNM stage, VM and expression levels of HIF-lα and E-cad were independent risk factors of patients with ESCC (P<0.05 for all). Combined detection of VM, HIF-lα and E-cad plays an important role in predicting the invasion, metastasis and prognosis of patients with ESCC.     

软组织骨化性纤维黏液样肿瘤2例报道及文献复习

目的 探讨软组织骨化性纤维黏液样肿瘤(ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft tissue,OFT)的临床病理、免疫表型特征及其诊断和鉴别诊断.方法 对2例OFT临床病理资料进行分析、光镜观察及免疫组化标记,并复习相关文献.结果 2例患者临床表现均为皮下缓慢生长的肿块.手术完整切除肿块,大体标本表面均有一层不完整的骨壳.术后病理组织学检查见肿瘤边界清楚,有纤维性假包膜,包膜内有一层薄的不连续的由成熟化生的板层骨构成的骨小梁,肿瘤略呈分叶状,内见有圆形、卵圆形、短梭形瘤细胞呈巢状、索状、网格状、镶嵌状排列,核染色质细致,未见明显核分裂象,有明显纤维黏液样背景的间质.免疫表型:vimentin、S-100蛋白均(+),CK(-).结论 OFT是一种分类尚未确定的罕见肿瘤,属中间型肿瘤.其特征性的骨壳结构、独特的细胞形态及排列方式、免疫表型具有诊断意义.     

循证医学理念在病理学实验教学中的应用

循证医学在高等医学院校的一些临床教学中已经有了很好的应用,在病理学实验课教学过程中引进循证医学的理念,有利于培养医学生在病理学习中发现问题、寻求证据、分析资料、解决问题等方面的能力,有利于教学质量的提高和学生综合素质的培养.     

下颌骨造釉细胞癌复发1例并文献复习

目的 探讨下颌骨造釉细胞癌临床病理特点和鉴别诊断要点.方法回顾性分析1例下颌骨成釉细胞癌复发病例和文献资料,进行光镜和免疫组化标记观察.结果 镜检可见瘤细胞呈岛状分布,周边细胞呈栅栏状排列,中央呈星网状,细胞具有异型性,可见核分裂象,局部见坏死等.免疫组化标记瘤细胞高分子角蛋白(CKH)、低分子角蛋白(CKL)、p63均阳性,Calretinin阴性,Ki-67增殖指数>40%,该肿瘤应与其他牙源性的恶性肿瘤相鉴别.结论 造釉细胞癌的病理诊断主要依靠组织病理学和肿瘤的生长方式,目前对其报道的病例仍然有限.