英国推出“健康新食谱”

前不久，英国的专家开了一份“健康新食谱”。看看这些弥散着健康味道的生活方式，哪些适合我们自己!     

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中阿莫西林浓度及药代动力学

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中阿莫西林浓度及药代动力学谭力周继红罗楠袁倚盛（南京军区南京总医院中心仪器分析科，南京２１０００１）阿莫西林（ａｍｏｘｉｃｉｌｉｎ）为β内酰胺类抗生素，其抗菌谱广，口服受食物影响小，对大多数病人耐受性良好，因而在临床上得以广泛...     

关于神经外科医师多媒体教学的探讨

多媒体教学给神经外科医师的培训开辟了一条崭新的道路，借助术中摄象机以及数码照相机等，将CT、MM、DSA等图象资料输入、储存于计算机，井随时将其调用和显示。多媒体计算机的应用为神经外科手术图象资料的处理提供了一种快捷、简便、可靠的方法。     

Effect of environment on extremely severe road traffic crashes：retrospective epidemic analysis during 2000-2001

Objective: To make an epidemiological analysis of the effect of environment on extremely severe road traffic crashes (RTCs). Methods: Epidemiologic data of extremely severe RTCs associated with environmental factors, including weather, topography, road conditions and other traffic conditions in Mainland China during 2000-2001, were collected and analyzed. Results: ( 1 ) During 2000-2001, there were 3 365 extremely severe RTCs with 13 666 deaths, 12 204 injuries and a direct economical loss of 136 million RMB. ( 2 ) Most extremely severe RTCs occurred in fine weather days and in the daytime. The high occurrence sites were plain areas, horizontal and straight roads, Grade B and C roads, ordinary road segment, and asphalt, smooth and mixed roads. (3) Compared with other RTCs, extremely severe RTCs were more likely to happen under following conditions: on cloudy, snowing, misty and blustering days; in hill and mountainous areas; on crooked and sloping roads; on freeway, Grade A, B, and C roads; mixed roads; ordinary, bridge, narrow and transitional roads; sand and dirt-roads; without traffic control measures; night without lighting. (4) Extremely severe RTCs of mountainous area or crooked and sloping roads were most severe in terms of deaths and injures per crash. Conclusions: Extremely severe RTCs are closely related with environmental factors. Rational road programming, enhancing road establishment and improving road conditions are probably effective measures to reduce the road traffic injuries.     

Comparative observation of protective effects of earplug and barrel on auditory organs of guinea pigs exposed to experimental blast underpressure

Objective: To explore the protective effects of earplug and barrel on auditory organs of guinea pigs exposed to experimental blast underpressure (BUP). Methods : The hearing thresholds of the guinea pigs were assessed with auditory brainstem responses ( ABR). The traumatic levels of tympanic membrane and ossicular chain were observed under stereo-microscope. The rate of outer hair cells (OHCs) loss was analyzed using a light microscope. The changes of guinea pigs protected with barrel and earplug were compared with those of the control group without any protection. Results: An important ABR threshold shift of the guinea pigs without any protection was detected from 8h to 14d after being exposed to BUP with a peak ranging from -64.5 kPa to -69.3 kPa (P<0.01). The rate of perforation of tympanic membrane reached 87.5 % and that of total OHCs loss was 19.46%±5.38% at 14d after exposure. The guinea pigs protected with barrel and earplug had lower ABR threshold and total OHCs loss rate compared with the animals without any protection (P<0.01). All of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of the protected animals maintained their integrities. Meanwhile, the guinea pigs protected with the barrel had lower ABR threshold and total OHCs loss rate than those with earplug (P<0.01). Conclusions: The earplug and barrel have protective effects against BUP-induced trauma on auditory organs of the guinea pigs and the protective effects of barrel are better than those of earplug.     

重庆市高等级公路交通事故回顾性调查

目的 旨在通过对重庆市高等级公路交通事故的回故性调查,分析重庆市高等级公路交通事故的发生特点及规律。方法 调查重庆市２１０高等级公路交通管理大队自１９９５年至１９９７年间一般事故以上的道路交通事故。结果 其间共性生产道路事故８４３起,人员伤亡事故２０９起,事故数逐年增加;其中重大事故４９起、一般事故７９４志,共造成３１４人伤亡,其中死亡４７人,重伤１４９人和轻伤１１８人;在人员重伤和死亡中大多数为     

炮口冲击波引起的山羊病理形态学改变

目的 探讨炮口冲击波对山羊的病理形态学改变。方法 用１２５ｍｍ火炮单发发射穿甲弹,进行大体形态学,光镜和电镜观察。结果 肺是炮口冲击波作用最敏感的内脏器官,大体解剖主要表现为不同程度的肺出血;光镜观察可见肺泡出血、水肿,肺泡明显扩张,肺不张和炎细胞浸润;电镜观察可见肺泡上皮肿胀、变性、微绒毛减少、肺泡隔增生纤维化。上呼吸道和胃肠道对炮口冲击波也较为敏感,主要表现为不同程度的帮浆膜下出血。结论 炮口     

不同致伤条件撞击对兔钝性胸部创伤伤情影响的实验研究

探讨不同致伤参数对兔钝性胸部创伤后胸部筘器官伤情的影响。方法采用兔钝性胸部创伤型,设置不同的致伤参数,观察其对胸部各器 伤情影响及其对死亡率的影响。结果驱动压力越大,胸部各器官伤情越重;撞击面积越大,对胸壁和肺的损伤较重,但心脏伤情并不随之加重;收缩末期撞击对心脏的损伤较重,舒张末期撞击大血管系统的影响较大,死亡率与驱动压力、撞击面积成正;舒张末期撞击死亡率上升。结论致伤参数不同,对钝化胸部创伤后     

中等强度冲击波负压暴露后豚鼠耳蜗毛细胞核形态学观察

目的观察冲击波负压(BUP)暴露后早期豚鼠耳蜗毛细胞胞核的病理形态学变化。方法将豚鼠在负压峰值为-44.5~-48.8kPa的中等强度BUP暴露3次,于BUP暴露后7d解剖取出耳蜗,应用DNA荧光染料Hoechst 33342显示毛细胞核,在荧光显微镜下毛细胞病理损害情况并进行计数。结果BUP暴露后7d,豚鼠耳蜗毛细胞可见胞核肿胀、胞核缺失、胞核固缩3种病变,以核肿胀发生最高,其次是核缺失,核固缩最为少见,3种病变的总发生率达(17.3±3.2)%,明显高于正常对照组(P<0.001)。结论BUP暴露可导致耳蜗外毛细胞核明显的病理性改变,这种改变可能是造成听力损失的主要原因之一。