SNAP-II predicts mortality among infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

OBJECTIVE: Outcomes analysis in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) requires a validated risk-adjustment tool. The purpose of this study was to use the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) database to validate the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology, Version II (SNAP-II) for prediction of mortality among CDH infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and to compare this to the predictive equation recently developed by the Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group (CDHSG). STUDY DESIGN: Infants with CDH in the CNN database were identified. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors predictive of mortality. Model predictive performance and calibration were assessed using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve and the technique of Hosmer-Lemeshow, respectively, and compared with the CDHSG predictive equation. RESULTS: There were 88 patients with CDH among 19,507 admissions to CNN hospitals. The mortality rate among CDH patients surviving to NICU admission was 17%, and 12.5% received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. Gestational age and admission SNAP-II score predicted mortality. Model predictive performance and calibration were optimized with these variables combined. The CDHSG equation was equally predictive of mortality, but was only marginally calibrated. CONCLUSIONS: SNAP-II is highly predictive of mortality among patients with CDH, and can be used to risk-adjust these patients.     

Neonatal follow-up programs and follow-up studies: Historical and current perspectives

The present report reviews some highlights in the history of neonatal intensive care and neonatal follow-up programs, particularly developments and reports that were based on experiences in Canada. Early outcomes reported from ‘preemie baby units’ were distressing, but attention has consistently been paid to preterm infant outcomes, even from the early days of neonatal intensive care units. Most current follow-up programs have goals related to ‘audit’ functions, education and clinical roles, but existing literature related to these functions is limited. Several reports have provided guidance in terms of neonatal follow-up research issues, and these strengthen the place of follow-up studies in outcomes research.     

基于常规和三元整合教育方案对超低出生体重儿住院期间父母焦虑抑郁影响的历史对照研究

目的 评价专业人员-父母-住院早产儿三元整合教育方案(三元整合教育方案)在超低出生体重早产儿(ELBW)中的临床应用效果。方法 选取复旦大学附属儿科医院2个年度ELBW的连续样本,对照组常规护理教育方案,实验组三元整合教育方案,采用贝克焦虑量表 (BAI)和贝克抑郁量表第2版(BDI-Ⅱ)作为评价焦虑和抑郁的工具,比较不同教育方案父母的焦虑、抑郁程度的差别和父母入院时和出院前焦虑、抑郁水平。结果 实验组79对父母、对照组64对父母进入本文分析。实验组ELBW平均孕周小于对照组,试管婴儿比例高于对照组,机械通气时间长于对照组,但住院时间并不长于对照组,母乳喂养率也较对照组明显增高,差异均有统计学意义。入院时实验组和对照组BAI粗分[(18.9±9.8)vs (17.1±10.2)]和BDI-Ⅱ评分[(17.2±8.8)vs (16.0±9.0)],中重度焦虑[(37/128) vs (36/158)]和中重度抑郁的例数[(38/128) vs (51/158)],差异均无统计学意义;实验组和对照组出院时较入院时BAI粗分下降了(11.0±6.5)分和(8.5±2.3)分,BDI-Ⅱ评分下降了(11.3±8.1)分和(9.1±7.9)分,中重度焦虑和中重度抑郁的例数均有明显下降,差异均有统计学意义;实验组焦虑和抑郁评分改善值好于对照组,差异有统计学意义。入院时父亲焦虑和抑郁评分均较高于母亲,差异均有统计学意义。结论 三元整合教育方案明显降低了ELBW父母焦虑、抑郁的水平,在单中心的历史对照研究中得到较好的验证。     

Resveratrol blunts tumor necrosis factor-��-induced monocyte adhesion and transmigration

The leukocyte recruitment and transmigration across the endothelial barrier into the vessel wall are crucial steps in atherosclerosis. Leukocyte trafficking on the endothelium is elicited by induction of endothelial adhesion molecules, and its transmigration is mediated by degradation of basement membrane proteins through enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). The current study investigated whether resveratrol, a polyphenol present in grapes and red wine, was capable of inhibiting leukocyte adhesion to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-activated endothelium. It was found that resveratrol inhibited the TNF-α-activated endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, resveratrol hampered THP-1 monocyte adhesion to activated endothelial cells. This study further examined whether resveratrol interfered with transendothelial migration of leukocytes. The MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity of endothelial cells was enhanced by TNF-α, which was attenuated by an addition of ≥25 µM resveratrol. In addition, 25 µM resveratrol mitigated the MMP-9 activity of THP-1 cells, followed by a marked inhibition of transendothelial migration. These results demonstrated that resveratrol suppressed monocyte adhesion and migration induced by TNF-α through modulating expression of adhesion molecules and gelatinolytic activity of MMP. These findings suggest that dietary resveratrol may be therapeutic agent for inhibiting leukocyte recruitment into the subendothelium during inflammatory atherosclerosis.     

慢性HBV感染者红细胞C3b受体活性与抗病毒治疗应答临床研究

为探讨慢性HBV感染红细胞免疫(RCIA)机制及其与抗病毒治疗应答的关系,应用基因工程α-2bIFN联合天然药物对52例慢性HBV感染患者进行治疗,另以39例未经上述治疗患者作对照。在治疗前后并随访一年观察两组HBVM变化情况,同时应用补体致敏酵母菌花环法测定红细胞C3b受体活性及免疫复合物粘附程度并与正常对照。结果显示:慢性HBV感染有显著异常的RCIA改变,IFN联合疗法可使患者HBVM阴转率明显提高,但对RCIA持续低下者的疗效明显欠佳,一年后重复测定结果相同。研究提示:RCIA功能紊乱参与了慢性HBV感染的免疫病理过程,改善RCIA功能有利于调整患者对抗HBV治疗的免疫应答。     

超声光散射成像联合超声弹性成像诊断乳腺病灶的价值研究

目的对比超声光散射成像系统、超声弹性成像技术及二者联合对乳腺病灶鉴别诊断价值的研究。方法回顾经穿刺活检及手术病理证实的96例患者共116个乳腺病变,分析其超声光散射断层成像系统图像及超声弹性成像图像,并与术后病理及穿刺活检结果对照。结果 116个乳腺肿块术后及穿刺活检病理诊断中良性62个,恶性54个,超声光散射对乳腺癌诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为92.6%、71.0%、81.0%、73.5%、91.7%,超声弹性成像技术分别为77.8%、80.6%、79.3%、77.8%、80.6%,二者联合分别为96.3%、93.5%、94.8%、92.9%、96.7%。结论超声光散射成像系统与超声弹性成像技术各有优势,二者结合有助于提高乳腺病灶鉴别诊断的准确。