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1.
Kit Galvin Jen Krenz Marcy Harrington Pablo Palmández Richard A. Fenske 《Journal of agromedicine》2016,21(1):113-122
Development of the Practical Solutions for Pesticide Safety guide used participatory research strategies to identify and evaluate solutions that reduce pesticide exposures for workers and their families and to disseminate these solutions. Project principles were (1) workplace chemicals belong in the workplace, and (2) pesticide handlers and farm managers are experts, with direct knowledge of production practices. The project’s participatory methods were grounded in self-determination theory. Practical solutions were identified and evaluated based on five criteria: practicality, adaptability, health and safety, novelty, and regulatory compliance. Research activities that had more personal contact provided better outcomes. The Expert Working Group, composed of farm managers and pesticide handlers, was key to the identification of solutions, as were farm site visits. Audience participation, hands-on testing, and orchard field trials were particularly effective in the evaluation of potential solutions. Small work groups in a Regional Advisory Committee provided the best direction and guidance for a “user-friendly” translational document that provided evidence-based practical solutions. The “farmer to farmer” format of the guide was endorsed by both the Expert Working Group and the Regional Advisory Committee. Managers and pesticide handlers wanted to share their solutions in order to “help others stay safe,” and they appreciated attribution in the guide. The guide is now being used in educational programs across the region. The fundamental concept that farmers and farmworkers are innovators and experts in agricultural production was affirmed by this study. The success of this process demonstrates the value of participatory industrial hygiene in agriculture. 相似文献
2.
Jonathan Halford Gandis Mazeika Susan Slifer Marcy Speer Ann M Saunders Warren J Strittmatter Joel C Morgenlander 《Movement disorders》2006,21(4):540-542
Ninety-seven inpatients with tardive dyskinesia (average AIMS score = 13), the majority of whom were schizophrenic, were studied. Forty patients were Caucasian, and 57 were African-American. The APOE genotypes of these patients were compared to previously published genotypes of controls and with previously published studies of APOE genotypes in patients with schizophrenia. There were no significant differences in APOE allele frequencies comparing the African-American tardive dyskinesia population and the African-American control groups. In contrast, significant (< 0.05) P values were obtained comparing the Caucasian tardive dyskinesia population to the Caucasian controls, when comparing allele frequencies and genotypic frequencies. This study suggests that Caucasians bearing an APOE2 allele are at increased risk of developing tardive dyskinesia, whereas African-Americans are not. APOE genotype-specific risks of both tardive dyskinesia and Alzheimer's disease that vary across populations could be due to recruitment of patients or controls or could be due to modifying effects of differing genetic or environmental backgrounds. The mechanism by which the APOE2 allele increases risk of tardive dyskinesia is not known. Further information about the mechanisms of increased risk of tardive dyskinesia could result in stratification of prescribing practices weighing the costs of medications against the relative risk of side effects. 相似文献
3.
Aaron H. Burstein Pharm.D. William G. Reiss Pharm.D. Eric Kantor B.A. Gail D. Anderson Ph.D. 《Pharmacotherapy》1998,18(6):1271-1276
Study Objective . To characterize cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity in premenopausal and postmenopausal women by evaluating the urinary 6-β-hydroxycortisokcortisol ratio. Design . Prospective study. Subjects . Thirteen premenopausal and 13 postmenopausal women who were healthy and not receiving drugs known to affect CYP3A4 activity. Interventions . Beginning on day 2 of menses, premenopausal women collected first morning urine samples every other day for a complete menstrual cycle. Postmenopausal women collected first morning urine every other day for 28 days. Measurements and Main Results . Mean weekly 6-β-hydroxycortisol:cortisol ratios did not differ during the phase (week) of the menstrual cycle. Daily ratios did not differ in postmenopausal women. No difference between premenopausal and postmenopausal women was found on comparing overall median ratios. Conclusion . Cytochrome P450 3A4 activity as measured by 6-β-hydroxy cortisol:cortisol ratio did not differ by week of menstrual cycle, suggesting no menstrual cycle-related changes. Menopause does not appear to be associated with differences in CYP3A4 activity, compared with premenopause. 相似文献
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F D Burstein 《The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal》2000,37(1):1-4
The search for the ideal bone substitute began hundreds of years ago, and continues today. While numerous choices have been proposed and tested, with varying degrees of success, there remain many challenges related to the use of bone substitutes in craniofacial reconstruction. This paper presents a review of the history of bone substitute research, a discussion of currently popular materials, and elucidation of the challenges to be faced as we approach the new millennium. 相似文献
9.
Background
Resident-led morning report is an integral part of most residency programs and is ranked among the most valuable of educational experiences. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of a resident-as-teacher educational intervention on the educational and teaching experience of morning report. 相似文献10.
John B. Penney Jean-Paul Vonsattel Marcy E. Macdonald James F. Gusella Richard H. Myers 《Annals of neurology》1997,41(5):689-692
We compared the number of CAG repeats, the age at death, and the severity of neuropathology in 89 Huntington's disease brains. We found a linear correlation between the CAG repeat number and the quotient of the degree of atrophy in the striatum (the brain region most severely affected in Huntington's disease) divided by age at death, with an intercept at 35.5 repeats. The largest CAG repeat length, therefore, at which no pathology is expected to develop is 35.5. These results imply that striatal damage in Huntington's disease is almost entirely a lineaar function of the length of the polyglutamine stretch beyond 35.5 glutamines multiplied by the age of the patient. Thus, it is predicted that the pathological process develops linearly from birth. Analysis of other measures of striatal function could test this hypothesis and might determine when treatment for CAG repeat diseases should start. 相似文献