代孕技术中的伦理道德及法律问题

新近发展的代孕技术给众多不孕夫妇带来为人父母的喜悦之时,也对人们传统的生殖伦理观念形成冲击并挑战现存法律制度.人们不仅要肯定代孕技术的合理性,也要警惕其所产生的潜在的破坏性影响.合理利用该技术和制定相应的法规是避免出现伦理和社会混乱的有效途径.     

阿尔茨海默病患者脑白质损害与认知功能的关系

目的用磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)研究阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者脑白质损害的特点及其与认知功能改变的相关性。方法对16例AD患者和12名年龄及性别相当的健康老年人行DTI、T1液体衰减反转恢复序列(FLAIR)及T2-FLAIR检查,测量胼胝体膝部和压部、内囊前肢和后肢、额颞顶枕叶白质的部分各向异性分数值(FA)和平均弥散度(MD),分析FA、MD值与简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分之间的相关关系。结果AD患者胼胝体压部、额叶、顶叶、颞叶FA值分别为0.602±0.043、0.270±0.034、0.294±0.043、0.302±0.032,与健康老人组相比显著下降(P<0.05),且与MMSE评分呈正相关关系,而内囊前后肢、枕叶、胼胝体膝部的FA值则无明显变化(P>0.05);胼胝体压部、顶叶白质的MD值分别为(0.918±0.029)、(0.826±0.015)×10-9m2/s,与健康老人组相比显著升高(P<0.01),且与MMSE评分呈负相关,而内囊前后肢、额叶、颞叶、枕叶和胼胝体膝部的MD值则无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论AD患者表现为脑白质的选择性损害,且损害程度与认知功能密切相关;这种选择性损害反映了AD病理机制中皮质-皮质及皮质-皮质下联系的丢失;DTI技术可以用来监测疾病的进展情况及评价AD治疗药物的临床疗效。     

柯里拉京对人胰腺癌Bxpc-3细胞抑制作用的初步研究

目的 观察柯里拉京(Corilagin)对人胰腺癌Bxpc-3细胞的抑制作用。方法 采用MTT法和流式细胞仪技术。结果 Corilagin显著抑制了Bxpc-3细胞的增殖，且呈时间-剂量依赖性；流式细胞仪分析结果显示，Corilagin主要作用于细胞周期的S期，同时也作用于G2-M期。并且有凋亡峰出现。结论 Corilagin可有效抑制Bxpc-3细胞增殖，阻滞细胞于S期和诱导凋亡可能是其作用机制之一。     

复合带瓣人工血管替换升主动脉和主动脉瓣(24例报告)

报告２４例升主动脉瘤伴主动脉瓣关闭不全行升主动脉和主动脉瓣替换及冠状动脉开口移植术（Ｂｅｎｔａｌ术２２例，底盘法２例）。１３例伴有升主动脉夹层分离，对其中８例ＤｅＢａｋｅｙＩ型者，以Ｔｅｆｌｏｎ毡条内外加固主动脉切端后吻合。１３例用人工血管周围间隙与右心耳吻合以控制升主动脉吻合之外的出血。３例以人工血管片环包主动脉吻合口控制局部广泛渗血及出血。２例术毕不能脱离体外循环死亡，手术死亡率８３％。随访平均２１８个月，２例死于蛛网膜下腔出血，１例右股动脉栓塞经手术治愈；其余病人康复良好，心功能（ＮＹＨＡ）Ｉ～ＩＩ级。     

急性心肌梗塞患者红细胞磷脂水平测定

本文测定了第１－７天急性心梗塞患者红细胞磷脂主要组分含量。结果表明，急性心肌梗塞患者红细胞膜的神经鞘磷含量较正常人明显增高；磷酯酰胆硷，磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰乙醇胺含量却较正常人明显降低。这说明急性心肌梗塞患者存在红细胞磷脂代谢紊乱，这时心肌缺血的重可能产生不良影响。     

Preoperative Clinic Visits Reduce Operating Room Cancellations and Delays

Background: Anesthesiologist-directed preoperative medicine clinics are used to prepare patients for the administration of anesthesia and surgery. Studies have shown that such a clinic reduces preoperative testing and consults, but few studies have examined the impact of the clinic on the day of surgery. The authors tested whether a visit to an anesthesia preoperative medicine clinic (APMC) would reduce day-of-surgery case cancellations and/or case delays.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of all surgical cases during a 6-month period at the University of Chicago Hospitals. Case cancellations and rates of first-start case delay over the 6-month period were cross-referenced with a database of APMC attendees in both the general operating rooms and the same-day surgery suite. The impact of a clinic visit on case cancellation and delay in both sites were analyzed separately.

Results: A total of 6,524 eligible cases were included. In the same-day surgery suite, 98 of 1,164 (8.4%) APMC-evaluated patients were cancelled, as compared with 366 of 2,252 (16.2%) in the non-APMC group (P < 0.001). In the general operating rooms, 87 of 1,631 (5.3%) APMC-evaluated patients were cancelled, as compared with 192 of 1,477 (13.0%) patients without a clinic visit (P < 0.001). For both operating areas, APMC patients had a significantly earlier room entry time than patients not evaluated in the APMC.     

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目的通过对比合并与不合并注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)儿童的多导睡眠监测指标,试图从睡眠结构和睡眠主要参数的层次上来探讨ADHD的发病机制。方法选择2004-01—2006-10于广州市儿童医院就诊的OSAHS患儿36例作为OSAHS组,合并有OSAHS的ADHD患儿20例作为观察组,选取无OSAHS及ADHD的儿童30例作为对照组,三组之间在年龄、性别、体重指数等方面相比,差异无显著性。通过多导睡眠监测(PSG),并由神经康复科专科医生对其是否患有ADHD作出诊断。采用相应的统计学方法,对OSAHS组、观察组及对照组的睡眠结构进行比较,并对OSAHS组和观察组进行呼吸事件及血氧状况的比较。结果(1)与对照组相比,OSAHS组及观察组睡眠Ⅰ期增加,睡眠Ⅱ期、SWS及REM睡眠减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),OSAHS组的REM%为8.66±3.94,观察组的REM%为5.65±5.41,REM%的改变有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)观察组儿童呼吸事件的次数与持续时间及血氧饱和度下降较OSAHS儿童严重,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论观察组儿童REM%及血氧饱和度的下降可能在ADHD的发病中起一定的作用。     

参附注射液对大鼠胰腺移植受体小肠肠粘膜屏障的保护作用

目的探讨参附注射液（SF）对大鼠胰腺移植受体肠粘膜屏障的保护作用及机制。方法24只糖尿病大鼠随机分为缺血再灌注组（IR组。n=12），参附注射液预处理组（SF组．n=12），12只正常大鼠为对照组，IR组和SF组大鼠均接受胰腺移植，再灌注后5d检测小肠通透性和吸收功能，检测血清TNF-α、NO、SOD和淀粉酶活性，取受体空肠粘膜组织检测小肠粘膜粘膜湿重、微绒毛高度及宽度、MDA含量及MPO活性，同时取肠系膜静脉血、肠系膜淋巴结、肝及脾组织进行细菌培养，观察细菌易位情况。结果再灌注后SF组血清TNF—α含量（P〈0．01）、淀粉酶活性（P〈0．01）、MDA含量（P〈0．01）、MPO活性（P〈0．01）、小肠通透性（P〈0．01）、细菌易位率（P〈0．01）和小肠粘膜损伤程度均低于IR组；血清NO和SOD含量、小肠吸收功能均高于IR组（P〈0．01）。结论SF预处理可保护大鼠胰腺移植受体小肠肠粘膜屏障，降低细菌易位率，机制可能与降低胰酶活性、减少TNF—α生成、减轻PMNs粘附与聚集、增加NO和SOD含量有关。     

Proposal of a modified Child-Turcotte-Pugh scoring system and comparison with the model for end-stage liver disease for outcome prediction in patients with cirrhosis.

The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) has a better predictive accuracy for survival than the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) system and has been the primary reference for organ allocation in liver transplantation. The CTP system, with a score range of 5-15, has a ceiling effect that may compromise its predictive power. In this study, we proposed a refined CTP scoring method and investigated its predictive ability. An additional point was given to patients with serum albumin < 2.3 g/dL, bilirubin > 8 mg/dL or prothrombin time prolongation > 11 seconds. The modified CTP system, containing class D, was compared to the MELD and original CTP system in 436 patients. There was a significant correlation between the MELD and modified CTP score (rho = 0.59, P< 0.001). Using mortality as the endpoint, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve for modified CTP system was 0.895 compared with 0.872 for MELD (P = 0.450) and 0.809 for original CTP system (P < 0.001) at 3 months; the area was 0.890, 0.837 and 0.756, respectively (P = 0.051 and < 0.001, respectively) at 6 months. The risk ratio per unit increase for the modified CTP score was 2.7 and 3.08 at 3 and 6 months respectively (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the modified CTP system can be proposed as an alternative prognostic model for cirrhotic patients. By extending the score range according to the influence of the laboratory-derived variables, the modified CTP system has a better performance than the original system and is as efficient as the MELD for outcome prediction.