Function of PCA3 in prostate tissue and clinical research progress on developing a PCA3 score

Prostate cancer gene 3 （PCA3, also known as DD3） is a new biomarker that could improve the accuracy of prostate cancer diagnosis. It is a great biomarker with fairly high specificity and sensitivity. The incidence of prostate cancer is rising steadily in most countries. The commonly used prostate-specific antigen （PSA） test once gave people hope for early diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, the low specificity of the PSA test has resulted in a large number of unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. During the past decade, many new prostate cancer biomarkers have been found. Among these, PCA3 is the most promising. Due to its great performance in distinguishing prostate cancer from other prostate conditions, PCA3 could likely be applied for early diagnosis of prostate cancer, patient follow-up, prognosis prediction, and targeted therapy. After years of research, we have obtained some knowledge about the sequence of PCA3 gene. We have also determined the relationship between PCA3 and the proliferation of prostate cancer cells and learned some information about how PCA3 affects tumor-related genes and proteins. A PCA3 score has been created, and it has been used in a variety of studies. Some researchers have even applied PCA3 to targeted therapy and obtained a good effect in vitro. This review describes the current state of research, and explores the future prospects for PCA3.     

LAA%预测肺癌合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺叶切除术后心肺并发症的价值

目的 探讨肺癌合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者肺叶切除术前CT检测低衰减区占肺野面积百 分比（LAA%）与术后心肺并发症的关系。方法 回顾性分析2013年3月—2018年6月在沧州市人民医院医专院区 治疗的80例行肺叶切除术的肺癌合并COPD患者的临床资料,包括术前因素（包括定量CT检测LAA%）和术中因 素。评估心肺并发症,包括脓胸、肺炎、肺不张、急性肺损伤、胸腔留置管、长时间供氧及心律失常。结果 30例患者（37.5%）出现心肺并发症。单因素分析显示,患者年龄、失血量、第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）占用力肺 活量（FVC）的比值（FEV1/FVC）、LAA%与心肺并发症有关（P <0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄［O^R= 4.62（95% CI：2.03,10.49）］ 和LAA% ［O^R=5.58（95% CI：2.31,13.49）］ 是患者术后发生心肺并发症的重要独 立预测因子。结论 LAA%可用于预测肺癌合并COPD 患者行肺叶切除术后的心肺并发症。对年龄≥70 岁且 LAA%≥1.0%的患者,必须谨慎地进行术中和术后处理