Basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor reverse impaired ulcer healing of the rabbit oral mucosa

BACKGROUND: The therapies for refractory ulcers on the oral mucosa are symptomatic and very unsatisfactory. We hypothesized that application of growth factors might be able to achieve successful remission of the lesion. We evaluated the effects of systemic administration and topical application of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on impaired wound healing of ulcers in the rabbit gingiva. METHODS: Almost uniform round ulcers could be created on the gingiva of the rabbits by chemical injury with acetic acid. When the submandibular glands were removed or i.v. injection of cisplatin (CDDP) and peplomycin sulfate was performed before ulcer formation, healing of the ulcers took longer than in untreated rabbits. To ascertain whether or not human EGF and bFGF affect rabbit cells, we first examined the effects of EGF and bFGF on the proliferation of the cells derived from rabbit gingiva. We then applied EGF or bFGF in these impaired healing models. RESULTS: EGF and bFGF promoted proliferation of the fibroblasts, and EGF also promoted proliferation of the keratinocytes isolated from gingival tissue of rabbits in vitro. Systemic injections of EGF and bFGF in rabbits, which had their submandibular glands removed, and topical application of bFGF accelerated healing of ulcers created in rabbits injected with CDDP and peplomycin sulfate. The ability of bFGF to promote the healing of ulcers was much greater than that of EGF. CONCLUSION: Basic FGF may be effective for refractory oral mucosal lesions.     

五型病毒性肝炎的暴露因素与临床表现的比较

比较急性病毒性肝炎患者感染打危险因素，同时比较五型肝炎的症状和体征。连续收集急性病毒性肝炎患者血清２９３份，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了五型肝炎病毒的病原学指标，并进行了流赞美同学调查。暴露因素：丙肝的肠道外暴露外明显多于甲肝；甲肝和戊肝有较高的“甲肝”患者接触史；乙肝，丙肝和丁肝有高的“乙肝”接触史，与甲肝，戊肝相比差异显著。     

Glutamine synthetase is essential in early mouse embryogenesis.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is expressed in a tissue-specific and developmentally controlled manner, and functions to remove ammonia or glutamate. Furthermore, it is the only enzyme that can synthesize glutamine de novo. Since congenital deficiency of GS has not been reported, we investigated its role in early development. Because GS is expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells, we generated a null mutant by replacing one GS allele in-frame with a beta-galactosidase-neomycine fusion gene. GS(+/LacZ) mice have no phenotype, but GS(LacZ/LacZ) mice die at ED3.5, demonstrating GS is essential in early embryogenesis. Although cells from ED2.5 GS(LacZ/LacZ) embryos and GS(GFP/LacZ) ES cells survive in vitro in glutamine-containing medium, these GS-deficient cells show a reduced fitness in chimera analysis and fail to survive in tetraploid-complementation assays. The survival of heavily (>90%) chimeric mice up to at least ED16.5 indicates that GS deficiency does not entail cell-autonomous effects and that, after implantation, GS activity is not essential until at least the fetal period. We hypothesize that GS-deficient embryos die when they move from the uterine tube to the harsher uterine environment, where the embryo has to catabolize amino acids to generate energy and, hence, has to detoxify ammonia, which requires GS activity.     

人卵巢癌裸鼠腹腔及网膜移植的研究

目的：建立既符合卵巢癌临床特征，又便于实验观察和分析的人卵巢癌裸鼠异种移植模型。方法：将体外培养的卵巢癌Ａｏ细胞接种于裸鼠皮下和腹腔内，并切取皮下移植瘤；在麻醉状态下对裸鼠进行网膜局部手术移植。结果：腹腔种植成瘤率为７０％（７／１０），肿瘤结节大小不一，分布广泛，其中２只腹水形成；网膜移植全部成瘤，移植瘤呈单一生长，易分离和切除，肿瘤重量一致性较好。结论：人卵巢癌裸鼠网膜异种移植模型直接反映肿瘤生物学行为，便于观察和分析实验结果，适于在卵巢癌实验研究中应用。     

血小板活化因子受体拮抗剂干扰实验性肾炎的疗效观察及机理探讨

实验大鼠均制成加速型抗肾小球基膜（GBM）肾炎模型，分为三组：模型组、血小板活化因子（PAF）受体拮抗剂BN－52021组和血栓素A2（TXA2）合成酶抑制剂UK－38485组，结果BN－52021组大鼠各期尿蛋白量较模型组显著减少（P＜0．01），第21天时血清肌酐、肾皮质内TXB2含量较模型组显著降低（P＜0．01）；光镜和电镜下肾组织病理改变明显较模型组为轻；UK-8485组尿蛋白量也倾向于较模型组减少，担无统计学意义．第21天时血清肌酐、肾皮质内TXB2含量也较模型组显著降低（P＜0．01）．本实验表明，PAF受体拮抗剂干扰该大鼠肾炎有效，其有效机理可能部分是通过减少肾皮质TXA2合成而介导的。     

Chronic encapsulated expanding hematoma in nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma

The diagnosis and treatment of pituitary macroadenomas with entire hematoma fluid accumulation are problematic. Such lesions are often difficult to completely resect, and recurrence is not uncommon. We present five cases of pituitary macroadenomas entirely composed of hematoma fluid and investigated their histopathology to clarify the mechanism of the hematoma fluid accumulation. Five patients with pituitary adenoma and significant intra-tumor hematoma underwent transsphenoidal resection and were retrospectively reviewed for their clinical status, findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), intraoperative findings, and histopathology. The specific surgical techniques used to address these cases were also reviewed. All patients were diagnosed with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas by histopathological examination. MRI showed all tumors extended to the cavernous sinus. Histopathology showed tumor tissues were located between the thick granulation tissue and the pseudocapsule of the tumor. The thick granulation tissues were composed of collagenous layers, neovascular vessels, and necrotic red blood cells, indicating repeat hemorrhage from the granulation tissues. The boundary between adenoma and normal pituitary gland was identified during surgical removal in four patients and was not identified in the other patient who showed a recurrence 2 years later. Clinical and histopathological findings indicate hematoma fluid accumulation in the present cases is caused by repeat hemorrhage from the reactive granulation tissues and can be regarded as a chronic encapsulated expanding hematoma. In these cases, the boundary between adenoma and normal pituitary gland should be identified before puncturing the hematoma fluid to minimize the risk of tumor recurrence.     

3-dimensional composite scaffolds consisting of apatite-PLGA-atelocollagen for bone tissue engineering

We fabricated 3-dimensional scaffolds consisting of biodegradable poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)(75/25) with hydroxyapatite particles containing atelocollagen (aAC). The aim of this study was to evaluate this new type of scaffold in regard to its basic properties and biocompatibility. Characterization of the obtained scaffolds was performed to know the porosity, shrinkage, diametral tensile strength, and biocompatibility. Composite scaffolds made of PLGA with hydroxyapatite particles containing atelocollagen (PL-aAC) showed a greater strength and stability than PLGA scaffolds. PL-aAC also exhibited superior performance in terms of cell attachment and proliferation as compared to PLGA, while histological findings showed that PL-aAC had an excellent response toward soft tissues. Our results strongly suggest that PL-aAC is more useful for cell transplantation as compared to PLGA for bone tissue engineering.     

魏氏伤科治疗膝骨关节炎的经验

膝骨关节炎属于中医"痹证"的范畴,著名骨伤科流派魏氏伤科历经几代人的传承与发展,在治疗膝骨关节炎方面积累了丰富经验,强调"内外并重、气血兼顾",创立了"气血为要、筋骨并重,肝肾为重、调摄脾胃,注重手法、调护平衡"的治伤学术思想.形成了集药物内治外治、手法诊治以及导引疗法等的综合疗法.结合临床病案对魏氏伤科治疗膝骨关节炎...     

Association of PD-L1 and ZEB-1 expression patterns with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) are immune checkpoint inhibitors that play an important role in the host immune avoidance mechanism of tumors. The relationship between PD-L1 expression and malignancy has been reported in various types of cancer, such as lung and gastric cancer. In addition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells is deeply involved in the invasion and metastasis of cancer. It has been reported that zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB-1), an EMT inducer, contributes to metastasis in pancreatic and colon cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression patterns of two markers, PD-L1 and ZEB-1, and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Biopsy or surgical excision specimens from 169 patients with OSCC were used in the present study. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal anti-PD-L1 antibody and anti-ZEB-1 antibody was conducted. Cases with >1% tumor cells positive for PD-L1 and those with >10% tumor cells positive for ZEB-1 were considered positive, respectively. The findings revealed that individual expression of PD-L1 and ZEB-1 in OSCC was not associated with tumor size, degree of differentiation or Yamamoto-Kohama invasion pattern classification. However, co-expression of PD-L1 and ZEB-1 was associated with higher cervical lymph node metastasis and a lower survival rate. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that co-expression of PD-L1 and ZEB-1 could serve as a potential marker for the prognosis of patients with OSCC.